Misplaced Pages

#217782

22-760: He was the son of Judge William Furman (1765–1852). From 1814 to 1816, he attended Columbia Academy, in Bergen Square . In 1824, he published Notes Geographical and Historical, Relating to the Town of Brooklyn in Kings County on Long Island (on-line version; 117 pages). He was a justice of the Brooklyn Municipal Court from 1827 to 1830. He was a member of the New York State Senate (1st D.) from 1839 to 1842, sitting in

44-399: A second group raided Staten Island. Stuyvesant later reported that in the attacks “40 Christians” were killed and 100, mostly women and children, taken captive. He further reported that 28 farms had been destroyed, 12,000 skipples (9,000 bushels) of grain burned, and 500 head of cattle taken or killed. Based on the reports of Stuyvesant, van Tienhoven, and members of the governing council,

66-534: Is the first example of what was to become known as a Philadelphia square in the United States. Though there no buildings from the period still standing, the names of streets (such as Vroom, Van Reypen, Newkirk, Tuers, Dekalb) and the grid they form still remain to mark the origins of the earlier village. In the immediate vicinity, there are cemeteries and the Old Bergen Church which were founded by

88-681: The 62nd , 63rd , 64th and 65th New York State Legislatures . In November 1842 he ran on the Whig ticket for Lieutenant Governor of New York , but was defeated by Democrat Daniel S. Dickinson . Furman never married, died at the Brooklyn City Hospital , and was buried at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Assemblyman Gabriel Furman (1756–1844) was his uncle. Bergen Square Bergen Square , at

110-524: The Peach Tree War , was a one-day occupation of New Amsterdam on September 15, 1655, by several hundred Munsee , followed by raids on Staten Island and Pavonia . 40 colonists were killed and over 100, mostly women and children, were taken captive. The cause of the Peach War has been the subject of debate. The armed protest and raids may have been triggered by the murder of a Munsee woman who

132-616: The Van Wagenen House (sometimes called the Apple Tree House) and Old Bergen Church , two structures from the colonial period. St. George & St. Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church founded by early Egyptian immigrants was one of the original Coptic congregations in New Jersey . The square and the streets around it are the site of what is considered to be the oldest municipality in the state of New Jersey which

154-534: The "capital" of one of four newly established administrative districts, Bergen County , where it remained until 1710, when the government moved to Hackensack . To celebrate the 250th anniversary of the town's founding in 1910, The New York Times sponsored a seven-week composition competition for Jersey City students to study and write about its history. 40°43′46″N 74°03′57″W  /  40.72942°N 74.06594°W  / 40.72942; -74.06594 Peach War The Peach War , sometimes called

176-769: The Delaware by the Susquehannock would have been more to the point. The Hackensack began releasing their captives in October with other Munsee bands following suit. During negotiations for the release of captives, Captain Adrian Post repeatedly travelled between New Amsterdam and the Hackensack encampment at Paulus Hook . By October 21, 1655, fifty-six captives had been released in exchange for powder, lead, guns, blankets, and wampum . Further negotiations secured

198-877: The Dutch and the Munsee was often strained particularly in the aftermath of Kieft's War . In 1655, the Dutch West India Company ordered Director-General Peter Stuyvesant to conquer the colony of New Sweden. New Sweden had been established on the Delaware River in 1638 in territory claimed by the Dutch and had developed a close trading relationship with the Susquehannock who inhabited the lower Susquehanna River valley. In late August 1655, Stuyvesant with seven armed vessels and 317 soldiers sailed from New Amsterdam for Delaware Bay. On September 15, 1655, Governor Johan Risingh surrendered Fort Christina and

220-464: The armed protest. In a letter to Stuyvesant, the governing council reported the presence of a Minqua (Susquehannock) sachem during the riot. Because of their close relationship with the Swedes, the Susquehannock are thought to have encouraged the Munsee to occupy New Amsterdam to force Stuyvesant to abandon his attack on New Sweden. American historian Allan Trelease, however, noted that direct action on

242-413: The colony without a fight. At daybreak on September 15, 1655, about 500 Munsee in 64 canoes landed near the southern end of Manhattan. They proceeded to break down doors, ransack houses, and threaten or beat some of the occupants, although no deaths or serious injuries occurred. The sachems met with members of the colony's governing council at Fort Amsterdam and agreed to withdraw at sunset. Meanwhile,

SECTION 10

#1732772910218

264-474: The councillors called the citizens to arms and a guard was mounted. As the Munsee gathered at the riverbank to depart, Hendrick van Dyck was shot and wounded by an arrow. In response, New Netherland's fiscal, Cornelis van Tienhoven , urged the guard to open fire. In the ensuing skirmish, three Munsee and three colonists were killed. One group of Munsee then crossed the Hudson River and attacked Pavonia while

286-441: The directors of the Dutch West India Company concluded that the occupation of New Amsterdam was prompted by Hendrick van Dyck's murder of the Munsee woman he caught picking peaches in his orchard. The attacks on Pavonia and Staten Island were blamed on the actions of Cornelis van Tienhoven on the evening of the 15th: "Whoever considers only his last transaction with the savages, will find that with clouded brains, filled with liquor, he

308-461: The intersection of Bergen Avenue and Academy Street in Jersey City , is in the southwestern part of the much larger Journal Square district. A commercial residential area, it contains an eclectic array of architectural styles including 19th-century row houses, Art Deco retail and office buildings, and is the site of the longest continually-used school site in the United States. Nearby are

330-591: The region, which included all the European settlements radiating from the west bank of the North River . In 1664, a negotiated surrender gave control of New Netherland to the English, who on September 22, 1668, recognized and confirmed original town charter. In 1674, soon after English possession of New Netherland was formalized, the village at Bergen became part of the proprietary colony of East Jersey , and

352-434: The release of almost all other prisoners. A year later Stuyvesant was able to report that only two or three children had not been returned to their families. Stuyvesant was strongly opposed to taking military action against the Munsee. The Director-General ordered that new settlements include a blockhouse for defence, that alcohol not be to given to Indigenous people nor their muskets repaired, and that trade be restricted to

374-606: The settlers and their ancestors. Pavonia , the first European settlement on the west bank of the Hudson River , was temporarily evacuated during a series of raids and retaliations between the Dutch and the Lenape , the Native Americans who lived there at the time known as Kieft's War . Those who survived the counterattack were ordered back to the relative safety of New Amsterdam , on the tip of Manhattan . After

396-658: The sweep of land on the peninsula west of the Hudson and east of the Hackensack River extending down to the Kill Van Kull in Bayonne . A stipulation for the settlement was that a garrison be built so that homesteaders, whose farms spread out around the village, could retreat there in the event of an attack. The charter for the village gave it a semi-autonomous government, and it became the seat of government for

418-528: The treaty was signed in 1645, the communities at Pavonia and Communipaw continued to grow steadily, but were again raided in a conflict known as the Peach War in 1655. Responding to settlers wishes to secure their holdings and wanting to re-establish control of the area, Stuyvesant negotiated a deal in 1658 with the Lenape for the larger area named Bergen, "by the great rock above Wiehacken ," then taking in

440-476: Was a prime cause of this dreadful massacre." While the Peach War is often described as a retaliatory attack on New Amsterdam, no blood was spilled until the evening of the 15th. University of Iowa historian Tom Arne Midtrød observed: "If the Natives meant to launch a military attack on New Amsterdam, they could have done far more damage." A number of historians have speculated that the Susquehannock were behind

462-476: Was first established in 1660 as Bergen in the province of New Netherland and, in 1683, became Bergen Township . Permission to settle there was granted by the Director-General of New Netherland , Petrus Stuyvesant . The Peter Stuyvesant Monument by J. Massey Rhind was dedicated on the square to commemorate the event in 1913. The square was surveyed and designed by Jacques Cortelyou and

SECTION 20

#1732772910218

484-668: Was stealing peaches from the orchard of Dutch colonist Hendrick van Dyck. Some writers, however, have speculated that the Peach War was orchestrated by the Susquehannock in response to the Dutch attack on New Sweden . New Amsterdam was established on Manhattan by the Dutch West India Company in 1624. The surrounding area was occupied by various Munsee bands including the Wappinger , Hackensack , Raritan , Navesink , and Tappan . The relationship between

#217782