Misplaced Pages

#521478

25-708: In the late 1930s, an early pioneer of the American viticulture , Paul Masson , brought with him several Burgundian grapes for his winery in California . One of those grapes he believed to be the Gamay variety from the Beaujolais region in France , which in the 1940s University of California at Davis (UCD) researchers christened "Gamay Beaujolais". In the late 1960s, UCD scientists decided that Gamay Beaujolais

50-461: A sedentary society , which has developed in a generally fixed geographical location, in contrast to a nomadic society , which does not have a fixed habitat and moves around seasonally with various settlements. The process of settling land can be, and has often been, controversial: while human migration is a normal phenomenon by itself, it has not been uncommon throughout human history for settlers to have arrived in already-inhabited lands without

75-469: A century later from 1932 to 1943 but set sixty years prior, typified later depictions of pioneer families. Daniel Boone (1734–1820) and Davy Crockett (1786–1836) became two real-life icons of pioneer history. The first westward migrations occurred as members of the Thirteen Colonies sought to expand their respective colonies westward. Those whose original royal charters did not specify

100-560: A foreign land, personal financial hardship, social, cultural, ethnic, or religious persecution (e.g., the Pilgrims and Mormons ), penal deportation (e.g. of convicted criminals from England to Australia), political oppression, and government incentive policies aimed at encouraging foreign settlement. American pioneer American pioneers , also known as American settlers , were European American , Asian American , and African American settlers who migrated westward from

125-692: A key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky , when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped. One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts , which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the Native inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes . The word "pioneer" originates with

150-620: A larger campaign. The lifestyle of a native population is often disturbed or destroyed if they come into contact with a settler population that seeks to replace them. Many times throughout history, settlers occupied land that was previously inhabited by long-established peoples, who are designated as native or Indigenous . Additional terms may be used to describe the Indigenous peoples of the Americas and Indigenous Australians , such as Aborigines , First Nations , or Native Americans . In

175-513: A less occupied area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area; as first recorded in English in 1605. In United States history , it refers to the Europeans who were part of the process of settling new lands on Indigenous territories . In this usage, pioneers are usually among the first to an area, whereas settlers can arrive after first settlement and join others in

200-527: A secondary designation on wines made from more than 75% Pinot noir or Valdiguié . Since April 2007, the term "Gamay Beaujolais" has been banned from labels in the United States. Settler A settler is, in the broadest sense, a person who migrates to a new region to establish a permanent presence there. A settler is also called a pioneer if the land that they migrated to was previously uninhabited or sparsely populated. Settlers come from

225-491: A western limit simply extended their lands westward indefinitely. After the United States was officially formed upon the ratification of the U.S. Constitution , federal coordination and legislation began to give settlement a more unified approach. The Land Ordinance of 1785 was the first official action by the federal government in deciding how political organization of new territories would be handled. Then in 1787

250-464: Is an ongoing phenomenon. The usage is controversial to some. In the Middle East and North Africa , there are a number of references to various squatter and specific policies that are referred to as settler-oriented in nature. Among those: The reasons for the emigration of settlers vary, but often they include the following factors and incentives: the desire to start a new and better life in

275-504: Is similar to other iconic figures involved in stories of the "settlement of the West," such as the cowboy , trapper, prospector, and miner; however, the pioneer is distinct in that he represents those who went into unexplored territory in search of a new life, looking to establish permanent settlement. Various figures in American folklore and literature typify the pioneer. The Deerslayer

SECTION 10

#1732790091522

300-529: The Land Run of 1889 , when parts of the territory of Oklahoma were first made available to settlers on a first-come, first-serve basis. As western settlement grew, certain trends began to emerge. Most pioneers traveled in wagon trains with their families and other settlers, banding together for defense and to spread the workload. Pioneers in the East often had to clear the land, owing to lush forests there. In

325-530: The Northwest Ordinance declared that states could not individually claim new lands, and that westward expansion would be handled by the federal government. In implementing the Land Act of 1804 , the government took its first steps towards legislating the manner in which land would be individually claimed by and distributed to settlers. One federal effort to encourage western travel and settlement

350-472: The Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America . The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the migration to the Western United States , with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone ,

375-575: The United States , the terms "Indian" and "American Indian" are still common, but controversial. In order to avoid confusion with actual Indians or Indian Americans (as the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus mistakenly believed that he had arrived in India when he discovered the Americas in the 15th century), the terms "East Indian" and "Asian Indian" are also used to differentiate Indians from

400-547: The Indigenous peoples of the United States. The process by which Indigenous territories are settled by foreign peoples is usually called settler colonialism . It relies upon a process of often violent dispossession. In the figurative usage, a "person who goes first or does something first" also applies to the American English use of "pioneer" to refer to a settler – a person who has migrated to

425-582: The Middle French pionnier (originally, a foot soldier , or soldier involved in digging trenches ), from the same root as peon or pawn . In the English language , the term independently evolved a sense of being an innovator or trailblazer . As early as 1664, Englishman John Evelyn used the term with a self-effacing "workman" meaning when he wrote in his treatise on planting, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees : "I speak now in relation to

450-537: The Midwest, the task was to bring agricultural fertility to the Great Plains . Some pioneers moved westward with the intent of claiming land for their families. Others, such as trappers , moved west for commercial reasons, and then remained there when their businesses proved to be profitable. The figure of the pioneer has historically played a role in American culture , literature and folklore . The pioneer

475-721: The Royal Society, not my self, who am but a Servant of it only and a Pioneer in the Works". Various figures in American folklore and literature typify the pioneer. James Fenimore Cooper 's The Deerslayer (1841) became the most successful of his early series, the Leatherstocking Tales , about pioneer life in the Province of New York . Laura Ingalls Wilder 's Little House on the Prairie series, published

500-691: The inception of Slavo-Serbia , Volga Germans , Volhynia , and Russians in Kazakhstan , among other phenomena. Although settlers in the early modern era frequently made use of sea routes—significant waves of settlement could also use long overland routes, such as the Great Trek by the Boer - Afrikaners in South Africa , or the Oregon Trail in the United States. Anthropologists record

525-420: The intention of living alongside the native population . In these cases, the conflict that arises between the settlers and the natives (or Indigenous peoples ) may result in the dispossession of the latter within the contested territory, usually violently. While settlers can act independently, they may receive support from the government of their country or empire or from a non-governmental organization as part of

SECTION 20

#1732790091522

550-560: The process of human settlement . This correlates with the work of military pioneers , who were tasked with construction of camps before the main body of troops would arrive at the designated campsite. The Russian Empire regularly invited Russian subjects and foreign nationals to settle in sparsely populated lands, mostly in North Asia , but also in Central Asia . These settlers were called colonists. These projects resulted in

575-720: The tribal displacement of native settlers who drive another tribe from the lands it held, such as the settlement of lands in the area now called Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , where the Ohlone people settled in areas that were previously inhabited by the Esselen people . In Canada , the term "settler" is currently used to describe "the non-Indigenous peoples living in Canada who form the European-descended sociopolitical majority" and thereby asserting that settler colonialism

600-532: Was a clonal selection of Pinot noir , and that California's version of the true Gamay was in fact the Napa Gamay. Moreover, Masson's Napa Gamay was found to not be a Gamay at all, but the Valdiguié grape from Languedoc-Roussillon . The US Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) subsequently discouraged the use of the term "Gamay Beaujolais" and ruled that, from 1997, it could only be used as

625-676: Was the publication of The Prairie Traveler in 1859, three years before the Homestead Act was passed. Randolph B. Marcy , Captain of the U.S. Army, was commissioned by the War Department to provide a guide for those moving west. It provided not only mileage and stopping points during travel, but also gave advice about what to take on the journey, how to interact with Native Americans and also how to respond to threatening situations such as encounters with bears. There were many other forms of this process, such as land runs including

#521478