71-621: The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay at Geelong , Victoria, Australia . The port is the sixth-largest in Australia by tonnage . Major commodities handled by the port include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips , alumina imports, and fertiliser . Major port industries include Graincorp's grain elevator and Viva Energy 's Geelong Oil Refinery . The Port of Geelong handled $ 5.6 billion worth of bulk cargo in 2004–05, made up of 12 million tonnes of cargo from 543 ship visits. Before
142-594: A temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ) with dominant westerly winds, variable clouds, moderate rainfall that tends to fall lightly, mild to warm summers, and cool winters. February is the hottest month and July is the coldest. The highest temperature recorded was 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) on 7 February 2009 during a two-week-long heat wave, with the lowest of −4.3 °C (24.3 °F) recorded on 24 July 1997. The city gets around 37.6 clear days annually. The average annual rainfall
213-608: A European in Victoria occurred. The next European visit to the area was by the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell . They reached the northern edge of Corio Bay – the area of Port Phillip that Geelong now fronts – on 16 December 1824, and it was at this time they reported that the Aboriginals called the area Corayo , the bay being called Djillong . Hume and Hovell had been contracted to travel overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, and having achieved this, they stayed
284-668: A base for low-cost airline Jetstar to serve the Melbourne and Geelong urban areas. Geelong is planned to expand towards the south coast, with 2,500 hectares of land to become a major suburban development for 55,000 to 65,000 people, known as Armstrong Creek. In 2006, construction began on the Geelong Ring Road , designed to replace the Princes Highway through Geelong from Corio to Waurn Ponds. It opened in 2009. More than AU$ 500-million-worth of major construction
355-857: A brewery in 1856 to build a machine that cooled beer. The Geelong Hospital was opened in 1852, and construction on the Geelong City Hall commenced in 1855. Development of the Port of Geelong began with the creation of the first shipping channel in Corio Bay in 1853. The Geelong-to-Melbourne railway was built by the Geelong & Melbourne Railway Company in 1857. Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by Thomas Austin , who imported them from England for hunting purposes at his Barwon Park property near Winchelsea . One of Geelong's best-known department stores, Bright & Hitchcocks ,
426-431: A continuous line of trees via Malop Street. The redevelopment of Malop street will see the installation of separated bike lanes from both pedestrians and local traffic by greenery, the design is an Australian first. This project includes the installation of art sculptures and street art throughout the city centre. Major redevelopments are also occurring at Johnstone Park, with a new raingarden installation, and Lt Malop Street
497-549: A number of modern apartment buildings on the Waterfront and central business district planned or under construction. On 10 July 2008, approval was given for a $ 100-million twin-tower apartment complex of 16 and 12 floors to be built on Mercer St in the city's western edge. The towers will become the tallest buildings in the city, taking the title from the Mercure Hotel. Further highrise developments are planned as part of
568-715: A result, new port facilities were progressively provided in the North Geelong area. Management of the channels and port of Geelong was the responsibility of the Geelong Harbor Trust that was formed in December 1905. In addition, the Authority was responsible for the associated ports at Queenscliff , Barwon Heads , Lorne and Apollo Bay . In 1981, the trust was reconstituted as the Port of Geelong Authority as an attempt to follow modern practice with
639-848: A transport corridor for surrounding regions to the state capital Melbourne. It is also home to the Geelong Football Club , the second-oldest club in the Australian Football League . The name Geelong comes from Djilang , used by the Wadawurrung traditional owners of the area at the time of settlement. The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula are the traditional lands of the Wadawurrung ( Wathaurong ) Indigenous Australian tribe. The first non-Indigenous person recorded as visiting
710-445: A waterfront footpath as well as beach restoration and a boat dock expansion. Recently new high rise buildings are being built giving Geelong more jobs and housing. Worksafe Victoria opened up a new 14-storey building on Malop Dt. It opened in mid-2018 and was the tallest building until it was announced that two residential high rises would be built and completed in late 2019. They are called The Mercer and Miramar Apartments. Geelong
781-467: Is around 525.2 mm (20.7 in), which makes Geelong one of the driest cities in Australia, owing to the pronounced rain shadow of the Otway Ranges to the south-west. Within the city, rainfall shows a strong gradient from south to north, so that the southernmost suburbs can receive around 700 mm (28 in) whilst more northerly Lara receives as little as 425 mm (17 in), which
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#1732780771836852-404: Is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest port in Australia by tonnage. Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges . At times it was possible to walk across the bay on
923-417: Is located on the shores of the western tip of Corio Bay, a southwestern inlet of Port Phillip Bay . During clear weather, the distant Melbourne skyline is visible from higher areas of Geelong when viewed across the waters of Port Phillip. The Barwon River flows through the southern fringe of the Geelong city centre before entering Lake Connewarre and the estuary at Barwon Heads before draining into
994-447: Is seeing more upgrades. In the suburbs Geelong West's Pakington Street is seeing major upgrades to its street appeal, with new plantings and upgrades to many of the shops. Manifold Heights' Shannon Avenue will see redevelopment to make it more pedestrian friendly. To Geelong's north, Rippleside is undergoing major changes, with the ongoing development of Balmoral Quay which will see Rippleside Park and nearby St Helens Park connected via
1065-412: Is shifting quickly and despite experiencing the drawbacks of losing much of its heavy manufacturing, it is seeing much growth in other tertiary sectors, positioning itself as one of the leading non-capital Australian cities. It is now Australia's second fastest-growing city. Geelong is regarded as the "Gateway City" due to its critical location to surrounding western Victorian regional centres, providing
1136-606: Is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong . The nearby suburb of Corio takes its name from Corio Bay. When Hamilton Hume and William Hovell arrived at the bay in 1824 they met with the local Wautharong people who referred to the bay as "Jillong" and the surround land "Corayo", but by the time the area was surveyed in the late 1830s the Aboriginal names had been swapped. The names "Corayo" and "Jillong" had since been Anglicised to "Corio" and "Geelong". The Port of Geelong
1207-474: Is the second largest city in the state of Victoria. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality, which is Port Phillip's only regional metropolitan area, and covers all the urban, rural and coastal reserves around the city including the entire Bellarine Peninsula and running from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with Corio Bay to
1278-678: The Bass Strait . The city is situated just east of the gap between the Otway Ranges and Brisbane Ranges , and commands the only lowland passage between the Werribee Plain and Western Volcanic Plains . Geologically, the oldest rocks in the area date back to the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, with volcanic activities occurring in the Devonian period 350 million years ago. In prehistoric times water covered much of
1349-473: The Great Ocean Road was opened in 1932, and in 1934, the T & G Building opened on the most prominent intersection in the city, the corner of Ryrie and Moorabool Streets. By 1936, Geelong had displaced Ballarat as Victoria's second-largest city. In 1938, one of the last Port Philip Bay steamers , Edina , made its final trip to Geelong, ending a period of seaside excursions and contests for
1420-583: The Market Square in the middle of the city, a clock tower was erected in 1856, and an Exhibition Building was opened in 1879. The gold rush had seen Ballarat and Bendigo grow larger than Geelong in terms of population. Melbourne critics dubbed Geelong 'Sleepy Hollow', a tag that recurred many times in the following years. A number of industries became established in Geelong, including Victoria's first woollen mill at South Geelong in 1868. In 1869,
1491-531: The city centre to the suburbs until their demise in 1956. The first of many stores on the Market Square was opened in 1913, and the first Gala Day festival was held in 1916. Geelong's industrial growth accelerated in the 1920s: woollen mills, fertiliser plants, Ford's vehicle plant at Norlane , and the Corio whisky distillery were all established in this period. The Geelong Advertiser radio station 3GL (now K-Rock ) commenced transmission in 1930,
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#17327807718361562-613: The clipper Lightning caught fire at the Yarra Street pier and was cast adrift in Corio Bay to burn, before being sunk by artillery fire. Improvements to transport saw Geelong emerge as the centre of the Western District of Victoria, with railway lines extended towards Colac in 1876, and to Queenscliff in 1879. Construction of the Hopetoun shipping channel began in 1881 and completed in 1893. The Geelong Cup
1633-528: The lowlands that are now Geelong, with the Barwon River estuary located at Belmont Common , the course of the river being changed when Mount Moriac erupted and lava was sent eastwards towards Geelong. To the east of the city are the Bellarine Hills and the undulating plains of the Bellarine Peninsula . To the west are the sandstone-derived Barrabool Hills and basalt Mount Duneed , and
1704-665: The 1860s, owing to its being a rail and shipping hub for western Victoria . The town of Geelong officially became a city on 8 December 1910. The city gained a number of essential services, with electric light supplied by the Geelong Power Station starting in 1902, the Geelong Harbour Trust was formed in December 1905, and the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust formed in 1908. Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling from
1775-607: The 1930s Eastern Beach has been a popular swimming location. Boating is also popular, with a number of public boat ramps and piers provided. The bay is also the home of the Royal Geelong Yacht Club that was established in 1859, and the adjacent Bay City Marina that was constructed in the 1980s. Sometimes, whales and dolphins can be seen in the bay. Commercial net fishing in Corio Bay ended in 2018 after campaigning by recreational fishing groups. Industrial activity around Corio bay has resulted in pollution to
1846-630: The 1950s. The banks of the Barwon River burst in 1952, inundating nearby Belmont Common . Geelong continued to expand with Corio, Highton , and Belmont growing at such a rate that in February 1967, Geelong accounted for 21% of private home development in Greater Melbourne. Private vehicles became the city's major mode of transport. The first parking meters in the city were introduced in 1961, new petrol stations were constructed and
1917-817: The 1970s. Most woollen mills closed in 1974 and hectares of warehouse space in the city centre were left empty after wool-handling practices changed. The Target head office opened in North Geelong, Deakin University was established at Waurn Ponds in 1974, and the Geelong Performing Arts Centre opened in 1981. Later, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory was opened in 1985, and the National Wool Museum in 1988. Market Square ,
1988-586: The 1980s with the expansion of Westfield Geelong towards Corio Bay, and culminating in the Waterfront Geelong development. Gentrification of former working-class inner suburbs such as Geelong West, North Geelong, and South Geelong has also occurred. Today, the major residential growth corridors are north towards Lara, east towards Leopold , and south towards Mount Duneed as the Armstrong Creek Growth Area . Geelong has
2059-626: The CBD; and a new $ 30-million aquatic centre in Waurn Ponds. Major developments within Geelong are advocated by influential, non-government group the Committee for Geelong and the region's local government alliance, G21 Geelong Region Alliance . The City of Greater Geelong and four other local municipalities form part of the alliance which identifies the Geelong region's priorities, and advocates all levels of government for funding and implement
2130-555: The City of Greater Geelong's Geelong Western Edge strategic plan. A$ 17-million 11-story apartment tower has also recently been proposed to be built next to the Deakin Waterfront Campus. In 2012, a design competition for a "city icon" was run for the City of Geelong by Deakin University and Senia Lawyers. The recipient of the prize and winning design entry was JOH Architects and their design titled "The Sea Dragon". Geelong's new Library and Heritage Centre opened to
2201-514: The Corio Bay for port access, or the Barwon River for waste disposal. In the interwar and post-World War II years, heavy industry continued to establish itself in the flatter northern suburbs, where today industries such as the Geelong Oil Refinery and Ford engine plant reside. Residential development also spread to Corio and Norlane in the north, with new Housing Commission of Victoria estates built to cater for employees of
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2272-409: The Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King , then Governor of New South Wales . Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip . Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders , who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802. He charted
2343-630: The Geelong area to prevent the spread of the pest, killing the industry until the 1960s. Between 1886 and 1889, the central business district's major banks and insurance companies erected new premises in a solid and ornate character. The existing Geelong Post Office was built during this time and the Gordon Technical College was established. Further industrial growth occurred, with the Fyansford cement works being established in 1890. The town became referred to as "The Pivot" in
2414-521: The Geelong population to grow to 23,000 people by the mid-1850s. To counter this, a false map was issued by Melbourne interests to new arrivals, showing the quickest road to the goldfields as being via Melbourne. The first issue of the Geelong Advertiser newspaper was published in 1840 by James Harrison , who also built the world's first ether vapour compression cycle ice-making and refrigeration machine in 1844, later being commissioned by
2485-1278: The Geelong region, most notably at Anglesea , where it has been mined to fuel Alcoa's Anglesea Power Station since 1969. Limestone has also been quarried for cement production at Fyansford since 1888, and Waurn Ponds since 1964. Geelong has over 60 suburbs, including the following: Anakie , Armstrong Creek , Avalon , Balliang , Barwon Heads , Batesford , Bell Park , Bell Post Hill , Bellarine , Belmont , Breakwater , Breamlea , Ceres , Charlemont , City of Greater Geelong , Clifton Springs , Connewarre , Corio , Curlewis , Drumcondra , Drysdale , East Geelong , Fyansford , Geelong, Geelong West , Grovedale , Hamlyn Heights , Herne Hill , Highton , Indented Head , Lara , Leopold , Little River , Lovely Banks , Manifold Heights , Mannerim , Marcus Hill , Marshall , Moolap , Moorabool , Mount Duneed , Newcomb , Newtown , Norlane , North Geelong , North Shore , Ocean Grove , Point Lonsdale , Point Wilson , Portarlington , Queenscliff , Rippleside , South Geelong , St Albans Park , St Leonards , Staughton Vale , Swan Bay , Thomson , Wallington , Wandana Heights , Waurn Ponds , and Whittington . Development in Geelong started on
2556-450: The Port of Geelong. The ACCC found that the compulsory use of Asciano cranes for dry bulk and fertiliser unloading was anti-competitive, and that the negative effects of the arrangement outweighed any productivity improvements derived from use of a single equipment type. Major piers in the Port of Geelong include: By the early 1900s, shipping traffic has increased and the existing piers in
2627-617: The acquisition of TNT by Toll Holdings . The port is now branded as GeelongPort , and is a joint venture owned 50% by State Super and 50% by Brookfield’s Linx Cargo Care Group , following the sale of the Asciano group of companies in August 2016 (Asciano formed from the demerger of Toll Holdings in 2007). In 2008 the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) revoked Asciano's exclusive equipment contract with
2698-472: The bay: Geelong Geelong ( / dʒ ɪ ˈ l ɒ ŋ / jih- LONG ) ( Wathawurrung : Djilang / Djalang ) is a port city in Victoria, Australia , located at the eastern end of Corio Bay (the smaller western portion of Port Phillip Bay ) and the left bank of Barwon River , about 75 km (47 mi) southwest of Melbourne . With an estimated population of 282,809 in 2023, Geelong
2769-452: The city area were inadequate. As a result, new port developments were started in the North Geelong area. There are also a number of special purpose piers on Corio Bay: In addition to visits by the Spirit of Tasmania , Geelong also serves as a stop for cruise visits. Corio Bay Corio Bay is one of numerous internal bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip , and
2840-518: The city by preventing the salty lower reaches from mixing with fresh water and pooling water. In 1839, Charles Sievwright , the newly appointed Assistant Protector of Aborigines (for the western district) sets up camp on the Barwon River near Fyans ford. The Geelong Keys were discovered around 1845 by Governor Charles La Trobe on Corio Bay. They were embedded in the stone in such a way that he believed that they had been there for 100–150 years, possibly dropped by Portuguese explorers . In 1849, Fyans
2911-414: The city's early years, inhabitants of Geelong were often called Geelongites or Pivotonians, derived from the city's nickname of "The Pivot", referencing the city's role as a shipping and rail hub for the area. Geelong was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state, and the population grew to over 100,000 by
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2982-512: The city's first supermarket, operated by Woolworths , opened in 1965. Later, support came for Cycling in Geelong with Australia's first bike plan in 1977. Industrial growth continued with a second cement works operating at Waurn Ponds by 1964 and the Alcoa Point Henry aluminium smelter constructed in 1962. Federal government policy changes on tariff protection led to the closure of many Geelong industrial businesses from
3053-520: The east and the Barrabool Hills to the west. The traditional owners of the land on which Geelong sits are the Wadawurrung (also known as Wathaurong ) Aboriginal people of the Kulin nation . The modern name of Geelong, first recorded in 1827, was derived from the local Wadawurrung name for the region, Djilang , thought to mean "land", "cliffs" or "tongue of land or peninsula". The area
3124-466: The entire bay, including the Geelong area, believing he was the first to sight the huge expanse of water, but in a rush to reach Sydney before winter set in, he left Port Phillip on 3 May. In January 1803, Surveyor-General Charles Grimes arrived at Port Phillip in the sloop Cumberland and mapped the area, including the future site of Geelong, but reported the area was unfavourable for settlement and returned to Sydney on 27 February. In October of
3195-584: The fastest trip. The Eastern Beach foreshore beautification and pool was completed in 1939 after almost 10 years of work. On the eve of World War II, the International Harvester works were opened beside Ford at North Shore , along with a grain elevator at nearby Corio Quay, and the Shell Australia oil refinery. Government housing was constructed in the suburbs of East Geelong , Norlane , North Shore , and Corio from
3266-427: The first enclosed shopping centre in the city, was opened in 1985, with neighbouring Bay City Plaza opened in 1988. The Pyramid Building Society , founded in Geelong in 1959, collapsed in 1990, leaving debts of AU$ 1.3 billion to over 200,000 depositors, and causing the Geelong economy to stagnate. On 18 May 1993, the City of Greater Geelong was formed by the amalgamation of a number of smaller municipalities with
3337-500: The former City of Geelong. The Waterfront Geelong redevelopment, started in 1994, was designed to enhance use and appreciation of Corio Bay and in 1995 the Barwon River overflowed in the worst flood since 1952. In 2000, the Carousel Pavilion was opened as a landmark and symbol of the refurbishment of the Geelong waterfront. In 2004, Avalon Airport was upgraded to accommodate interstate passenger travel, providing
3408-462: The initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry only allowed small ships to enter the inner harbour. Larger ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and their cargo was brought into Geelong on lighters . At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide. The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel
3479-452: The mid-1960s. Population increases during the 21st century were largely due to growth in service industries, as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs, and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average. Today, Geelong stands as an emerging healthcare, education and advanced manufacturing centre. The city's economy
3550-465: The naming of organisations responsible for ports operation throughout the world. The authority was privatised by the State Government , being sold to Ports Pty Ltd for $ 49.6 million on 1 July 1996. Ports Pty Ltd was a joint venture between Primera, a wholly owned subsidiary of TNT (30%) and Infrastructure Investment Corporation (70%). The port was later rebranded as Toll GeelongPort after
3621-552: The new industries. From the 1960s, residential growth spread to the Highton hills in the south and North Geelong following prosperous industries like the gasworks, followed by Grovedale in the 1970s. A number of light industrial areas were also established in Breakwater , Moolap and South Geelong . Changing cargo-handling methods at the Port of Geelong left woolstores in inner Geelong unused, redevelopment beginning in
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#17327807718363692-611: The night and began their return journey two days later on 18 December. The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wadawurrung people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp, leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land ) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to
3763-404: The party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur , and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives. In March 1836, three squatters , David Fisher, James Strachan , and George Russell, arrived on Caledonia and settled the area. Geelong was first surveyed by Assistant Surveyor W. H. Smythe three weeks after Melbourne, and
3834-627: The projects. G21 developed 'The Geelong Region Plan - a sustainable growth strategy' Archived 4 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine which was launched by Premier Brumby in 2007. It was the approved strategic plan for the Geelong region. In addition, major projects such as the Geelong Ring Road Connections and duplication of the Princes Highway West obtained funding due to the combined efforts of
3905-683: The public in November 2015. The new addition to Geelong offers new research facilities, display areas and hosts Geelong's extensive heritage, modern and Indigenous. The new library was awarded the Sir Zelman Cowen Award for Public Architecture in 2016. Currently Geelong is undergoing a major revival effort, the Green Spine Project. The Green Spine project will connect Johnstone Park to the Botanic Gardens by
3976-546: The region was Lieutenant John Murray , who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson . After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads (the narrow entrance to Port Phillip , onto which both Geelong and Melbourne now front), on 1 February 1802, he sent a small boat with six men to explore. Led by John Bowen , they explored the immediate area, returning to Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, and did not leave until 12 March. During this time, Murray explored
4047-564: The region's municipalities. As at May 2017, a further 13 Priority Projects are planned for the Geelong region. The Victoria Government announced the relocation of the Transport Accident Commission headquarters from Melbourne to Geelong in October 2006, which created 850 jobs and an annual economic benefit over $ 59 million to the Geelong region. The construction of the $ 80-million Brougham Street headquarters
4118-406: The same year, HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony . Collins was dissatisfied with the area chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J.H. Tuckey to investigate alternative sites. The party spent 22 to 27 October on the north shore of Corio Bay, where the first Aboriginal death at the hands of
4189-479: The sandbar at low tide. The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893. Management of the channels and port
4260-477: The shores of Corio Bay in what is now the inner city. Development later spread to the south towards the Barwon River, and the hill of Newtown and Geelong West . Major development south of the river in Belmont did not start until the 1920s, stimulated by the construction of a new bridge over the river in 1926, and the extension of the Geelong tramway system in 1927. Industrial areas were traditionally located on
4331-459: The site of the area of present-day Fyansford . Fyans arranged the first muster of the Indigenous population and 275 Aboriginal people were found to be living in the area. Fyans distributed blankets, sugar and flour to these people but soon ordered his soldiers to "click their triggers" at them when a lack of blankets caused anger. Fyans constructed a breakwater to improve the water supply to
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#17327807718364402-704: The volcanic plains to the north of Geelong extend to the Brisbane Ranges and the You Yangs . Soils vary from sandy loam, basalt plains, and river loam to rich volcanic soils, suitable for intensive farming , grazing , forestry , and viticulture . Many materials used to construct buildings were quarried from Geelong, such as bluestone from the You Yangs and sandstone from the Brisbane Ranges. A small number of brown coal deposits exist in
4473-404: Was completed in late 2008. In November 2008, Ford Australia announced that its Australian-designed I6 engine would be re-engineered to meet the latest emissions regulations, and that consequently the engine manufacturing plant would be upgraded (however, all manufacturing of motor vehicles in Geelong and elsewhere throughout Australia ceased by 2017). A change to the city skyline is occurring with
4544-738: Was established in 1861, and the HM Prison Geelong built using convict labour, was opened in 1864. In 1866, Graham Berry started a newspaper, the Geelong Register , as a rival to the established Geelong Advertiser . When this proved unsuccessful, he bought the Advertiser and made himself editor of the now-merged papers. Using the paper as a platform, he was elected for Geelong West in 1869. In 1877, he switched to Geelong, which he represented until 1886, and served as Victorian Premier in 1875, 1877–1880, and 1880–1881. On
4615-492: Was first held in 1872, and Victoria's first long-distance telephone call was made from Geelong to Queenscliff on 8 January 1878, only one year after the invention of the device itself. Geelong was also the home of a prosperous wine industry until the emergence of the sap-sucking insect Phylloxera vastatrix at Fyansford in 1875, which led to the Victorian Government ordering the destruction of all vines in
4686-455: Was first surveyed by the European settlers in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush , Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the goldfields of central Victoria. The town then diversified into manufacturing, and during the 1860s became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills. During
4757-461: Was gazetted as a town on 10 October 1838. There was already a church, hotel, store, wool store, and 82 houses, and the town population was 545. By 1841, the first wool had been sent to England and a regular steamer service was running between Geelong and Melbourne. Captain Foster Fyans was commissioned as the local Police Magistrate in 1837 and established himself on the Barwon River at
4828-401: Was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council and renowned fly fishing author Alfred Ronalds engraved the town seal. An early settler of Geelong, Alexander Thomson , for which the area of Thomson in Geelong East is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850 to 1858. Gold was discovered in nearby Ballarat in 1851, causing
4899-406: Was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 dredging of a new channel was started which took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after the then Governor of Victoria , Lord Hopetoun , who opened it on 20 December 1893. By the early twentieth century shipping traffic had increased and the existing piers in the city area were proving inadequate. As
4970-400: Was the responsibility of the Geelong Harbour Trust that was formed in December 1905. In 1981, the Port of Geelong Authority took over from the trust. The authority was privatised by the State Government in mid 1996, being sold to TNT Logistics for $ 49.6 million. It was later re-branded as 'GeelongPort'. The shores of Corio Bay have been a popular playground for Geelong residents. Since
5041-436: Was under way in 2007. Major projects include the $ 150-million Westfield Geelong expansion works, involving a flyover of Yarra Street, the city's first Big W store, and an additional 70 new speciality stores; the $ 37-million Deakin Waterfront campus redevelopment, and the $ 23-million Deakin Medical School; the $ 50-million Edgewater apartment development on the waterfront; a number of multimillion-dollar office developments in
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