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29-584: The Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach (DLA – German Literature Archive), established in 1955, in Marbach am Neckar , is one of the most significant literary archives in the world. Its collections span literary and intellectual history from 1750 to the present and are open to everyone who is conducting source criticism . The DLA offers nearly 800,000 volumes and over 1,000 journals. 48°56′11″N 9°15′22″E  /  48.9363°N 9.2560°E  / 48.9363; 9.2560 This article relating to

58-484: A constitutional Monarchy . The edicts issued on 31 December 1818 regulated various aspects of the restored local self-government: Chapter V of the Constitution contained detailed information on the administrative structure and rights of municipalities and official bodies. In particular, § 64 provided that Oberämter limits could only be changed by law, i.e. with the consent of parliament. This possibility

87-476: A crenelated , white tower wrapped with green vines growing two clusters of blue grapes. The placement of Württemberg's arms is derived from town seals in since Württemberg's purchase of the city in 1302, when their arms replaced those of the Dukes of Teck. The tower first appeared around 1547 as a reference to local viticulture. The current coat of arms was devised in 1938 from a 1593 town seal. Marbach has had

116-535: A change of boundaries. Only with the administrative district reform of 1938 were 27 of the remaining 61 districts abolished. From 1824 to 1886, all the Oberämter were statistically processed and their history, communities, population figures and the characteristics of their inhabitants were elaborately described in print. The mainly catholic “new Württemberg” areas, e.g. in Oberschwaben , as described from

145-604: A library organization, association, or consortium is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Marbach am Neckar Marbach is located in the Neckar Basin on the eastern bank of a loop of the Neckar, whose impact slope is interrupted by two deep cuts . The northern of the two cuts is flowed through by the largely blocked Strenzelbach stream, the southern by the Eichgraben ditch. Marbach's old town lies on

174-507: A municipal flag since 1871. Oberamt (W%C3%BCrttemberg) Oberamt ( German: [ˈoːbɐʔamt] , plural Oberämter ) was the designation of an administrative unit in the German state of Württemberg, introduced in 1758 instead of Amt . Literally translated, the term means Upper, Senior, Higher or Superior Office . It was in use until 1934, after the Nazi seizure of power, when

203-574: A secular office consisted of the eponymous town and the surrounding villages as Amtsorte or Amtsflecken , but the districts differed considerably in area and population, and complicated borderlines with many exclaves marked the map. Some larger offices, such as the Amt Urach, were divided into several Unterämter (“sub-offices”). For clarification, the offices themselves were called Oberamt from 1758 on, without structural reforms being connected with this renaming. The ducal civil servant, who

232-569: The Oberämter were renamed Kreise with the Kreisordnung of Württemberg and their number was considerably reduced by mergers in 1938. The subdivision of the Duchy of Württemberg (until 1495 county) into public administration called Ämter reflected in its diversity the gradual growth of the territory. In addition to the secular offices, which made up the largest part of the state, there were monastic, rentier and chamber offices. Usually,

261-565: The Dukes of Teck . In 1302, the Dukes of Teck sold Marbach to the County of Württemberg , who made the city the seat of its own administrative district later in the 14th century and then an Oberamt , Oberamt Marbach  [ de ] , in 1758. That Oberamt was dramatically enlarged on 18 March 1806, but then dissolved entirely in 1938. Marbach was subsequently assigned to a new district, Landkreis Ludwigsburg . On 1 July 1972, Marbach incorporated

290-619: The House of Württemberg as a result of the upheavals of the Napoleonic era since 1803 were initially administered separately as " Neuwürttemberg ", the organisational edict of 1806 - Württemberg had in the meantime risen to become the Kingdom of Württemberg - initiated the creation of uniform structures. In the following years the declaration of intent "An expedient division and merger of the senior and staff offices will be made gradually. and

319-598: The 1970s. Most of these reprints meanwhile are out of print again. All of them are now available in digital form, see Wikisource . In the former Württemberg region of contemporary Baden-Württemberg , often the Amtsgericht courts are located in the former Oberamt cities. The ecclesiastical administrative structures of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg also largely reflect

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348-575: The Eichbach, which disappears halfway through in a sinkhole. The Sulzbach flows through a wide valley southeast of the village. After being straightened during the land consolidation in the 1970s, it was renaturalised at the end of the 1980s. This measure was awarded the cultural landscape prize of the Swabian Heritage Society in 1991. Siegelhausen, a small hamlet with about 30 inhabitants, is located about five kilometres southeast of

377-586: The Ministry of the Interior and were responsible for all essential areas of state administration, only the financial system was in the hands of the Kameralämter since 1806. Since 1814 every senior office received a public health officer under the title Oberamtsarzt (senior physician). According to the understanding of the state at that time, administration and jurisdiction were not separate, rather

406-635: The Murr and the Hardtwald. The hamlet of Hinterbirkenhof, one and a half kilometres to the north, also belongs to the village. The district is divided by several stream valleys, all of which lead to the Murr. The village centre lies in the shallow hollow of the Weidenbach, while the Kaisersbach forms a depression between Rielingshausen and Hinterbirkenhof. The eastern boundary of the village is formed by

435-601: The Neckar just north of the town, and forms an important traffic axis for Marbach and the surrounding area. In addition to the immediate surroundings of the Inner City , the urban area includes a narrow strip extending southwest along the Neckar River and incorporating the Marbach power plant . Furthermore, three exclaves belong to the urban area. Two of them are the districts of Rielingshausen and Siegelhausen, both of which are spatially separated from Marbach. While

464-494: The appropriate higher authorities. He also warned persons who only slightly violated laws. In the Amtsversammlung , representatives of the official town and places of office discussed common matters. For example, it was decided here how the road construction in the district was to be financed. The official assembly also elected its representatives for the so-called " Landschaft ". After the areas that had been assigned to

493-486: The area of the core town itself is almost free of forest, the largest part of the forest area of Marbach comprises the uninhabited exclave in the Hardtwald to the north-east of the district of Rielingshausen, which is assigned to the Schwäbisch-Fränkische Waldberge natural area. Rielingshausen, with about 2800 inhabitants, is located about five kilometres northeast of Marbach on a hill between

522-738: The core town off the road between Affalterbach and Hochdorf in the valley of the Strombach, which is also called the Apfelbach. Marbach am Neckar was founded by the Franks in the 8th century AD between the Duchies of Swabia and Franconia and the Prince-Bishoprics of Speyer and Constance . Marbach received its town rights in 1009 from Walter Marktrecht, Bishop of Speyer. Around the mid-13th century, those rights were reaffirmed by

551-523: The different population trends. After the Landtag had agreed to the abolition of the Cannstatt Oberamt on 1 October 1923, the government attempted to dissolve the Oberämter of Blaubeuren, Brackenheim, Neresheim, Spaichingen, Sulz, Weinsberg and Welzheim on 1 April 1924 by emergency decree, covered by an enabling act. The protests caused by this led to the resignation of the government,

580-656: The emergency decree was withdrawn and subsequently only the Weinsberg Oberamt was abolished (on 1 April 1926). In 1933, the organs of local self-government were dissolved. After the Oberamtmann had already been titled Landrat since 1928, following the Prussian style, the Kreisordnung of 1934 replaced the names Oberamt by Kreis and Amtskörperschaft by Kreisverband , but did not yet include

609-740: The exception of its easternmost exclave, which lies in the Swabian-Franconian Forest . The lowest elevation above sea level in the municipal area, 190 meters (620 ft) Normalnull (NN), is found where the Neckar flows out of Marbach and into Benningen am Neckar . The highest elevation, 355 meters (1,165 ft), is found in the east, at the top of the Bülzberg. Marbach has two boroughs ( Ortsteile ) – Marbach am Neckar and Rielingshausen – and three villages: Hinterbirkenhof, Hörnle, Siegelhausen. Also in Marbach's municipal area are

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638-443: The minor administrative units of Dampfkraftwerk, Eichgraben, and Häldenmühle, and the abandoned villages of Hegnachsiedel, Kaisersberg, and Sigebotesbuch. Marbach am Neckar is twinned with: Marbach am Neckar's coat of arms displays its field , gold in color, as divided party per pale into halves. The left half has three black stag antlers  [ de ] , taken from the arms of Württemberg . The right half has

667-458: The point of view of the Württemberg bureaucracy in evangelically influenced Stuttgart, often bear certain characteristics. Quote from the description of Oberamt Ravensburg, p. 29: “The character of the inhabitants is generally praised more than in other neighbouring districts, it is described as simple and trusting” . The Oberamt descriptions have become sought-after and expensively paid collector's items; therefore all volumes were reprinted in

696-492: The senior civil servant presided over the High Court in personal union. Municipal self-governance and the right to a say of the estates, which had already been temporarily restricted under Duke Carl Eugen , was suspended by King Friedrich . King Wilhelm I. took over the government in 1816 and immediately began comprehensive reforms, which led to the constitution of 1819 and thus changed Württemberg from an absolute to

725-534: The southern slope of the Strenzelbach valley, some 30 metres above the Neckar, while the newer residential and commercial areas are spread across the slopes further to the north-east, east and south. Even further south, somewhat secluded by the cutting of the Eichgraben, is the residential area of Hörnle with about 1600 inhabitants. The furrow formed by the Strenzelbach cuts short a loop of the Murr , which flows into

754-539: The town of Rielingshausen. The city ( Stadt ) of Marbach am Neckar covers 18.06 square kilometers (6.97 sq mi) of the district of Ludwigsburg in a total of four separate exclaves. Marbach is, according to government urban planning, part of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region . Marbach's municipal areas are physically located in the basin of  [ de ] the Neckar , with

783-611: The whole country, regardless of historical and denominational circumstances, will be newly divided into approximately equal senior offices, the number of which was reduced to 64 by 1810 and to 63 by 1819 with the abolition of the Albeck senior office. A special role was played by the Residence City Stuttgart , where the Stadtdirektion fulfilled the corresponding tasks. The higher offices were subordinate to

812-472: Was only used very sparingly; only in 1842 were major changes made, affecting around thirty municipalities. A bill introduced by the government in 1911 to simplify administration in the sense of cost savings provided for only 42 Oberämter , but was rejected by the Chamber of Deputies. In 1919, renewed consideration was given to reducing the number of Oberämter and restoring the uniformity lost due to

841-551: Was traditionally called Vogt (about equal to “bailiff”) and who managed the administrative affairs at the official level, held the title Oberamtmann from 1759. From that day on, “all and every secondary title with the bailiff's word was to cease immediately and only the Oberamtmann′s name was to be valid.” He was responsible for the implementation of government measures in his bailiwick, for example by publishing new laws, receiving complaints from subjects and forwarding them to

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