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40-498: Gifhorn is home to the International Wind- and Watermill Museum , which contains a comprehensive collection and working replicas of the world's most common windmills. The castle in the town centre was built in a Weser Renaissance style from 1526 to 1533. Kavalierhaus (Cavalier House) is a renaissance building dating from 1546. Saint Nicolai Church is a baroque aisleless church which was built from 1734 to 1744. Around

80-551: A Rundling village: On the square is the "international mill tree". This is a pole, about 30 metres high, on which the state coats-of-arms of all the countries represented by the mills in the museum may be found, as well as wood carvings with milling motifs. A smock mill has stood on the Dorfplatz since 1984 which is based on the historic mill near the castle of Sanssouci in Potsdam . The 40 metre high original

120-497: A leasehold agreement for the land of the future museum site. The mill museum opened its doors in 1980 following two years of extensive field engineering by the Aller-Ohre-Verband . With the aid of bulldozers and flushing dredgers , the terrain was landscaped and numerous ditches and ponds created, as well as a 5 hectare mill lake. The lake also acts as a retention basin to prevent flooding to and to regulate

160-671: A densely populated area, was devastated by a fire in 1669, and the northern part in 1725. Afterwards Gifhorn was rebuilt keeping an appropriate distance between the buildings. Gifhorn obtained town privileges in 1852 when it had about 2,500 inhabitants. During World War II the town remained undamaged. Schools in Gifhorn include the Humboldt Gymnasium , the Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium , Fritz-Reuter-Realschule, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Realschule, Albert-Schweitzer-Hauptschule and

200-528: A driveshaft. Like many Ukrainian structures, the windows, doors and exposed brickwork are richly decorated. In 1989, after taking just one year to build, the Danube ship mill , Julischka , went into operation on the Ise . It consists of two wooden boats between which a paddle wheel turns. In the larger hull is the mill gear and the miller's room. The smaller hull supports the axle of the paddle wheel which rotates in

240-537: A higher level. This is the only mill of this type that exists in that country. This replica of a historic water treadmill is a loan from the vocational schools in the district of Gifhorn that have a school partnership arrangement with Taiwan. The old Serbian mill, mudra Milica , is the latest and 15th mill in the mill museum. It was added in May 2005 and is around 100 years old. It is a vortex or horizontal water wheel ( Löffelradmühle ) from western Serbia . This type of mill

280-584: A life of about 50 years. They had been invented by as early as 536 during the siege of Rome by the Ostrogoths . Their heyday was during the 16th and 17th centuries. This replica mill was erected in 1993 next to the Greek mill and comes from Torres Vedras in central Portugal. It also represents the type of mill found on the Algarve coast. The mill, with its four triangular sails, is typical of Portugal and

320-464: A replica of the mill at a scale of 1:25 and then collected all kinds of material about windmills and watermills. In 1974 he established a private museum in Suhlendorf with the first models of mills that he had built. In order to create a larger scale model, he first made overtures in 1977 to the district of Gifhorn , who then actively supported the project. In the same year the two parties concluded

360-502: A trestle or Bock . The millhouse along with its equipment was turned into the wind before work was begun. According to the Prussian Civil Code of 1794, a Bockwindmühle was not counted as a building in its narrowest sense, but as a machine. That meant that the owner did not have to pay house interest tax ( Hauszinssteuer ) for his workplace. This tower mill comes from Westdorf in the district of Dithmarschen , where it

400-631: Is a present from the Andrej Rublijow Foundation from Moscow , which is dedicated to the conservation of Russian architectural heritage. The Alphonse Daudet windmill was built in 2002 (photo: see above) as a replica. The prototype was built in 1813 in Fontvieille near Arles in French Provence . The poet, Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897), immortalised it in the 19th century in his book, Letters From my Mill . In 1935

440-555: Is an exhibition in the basement of the Mills of Majorca, Yesterday and Today . Representatives of the society, "Friends of the Mills of Majorca" came to the foundation stone ceremony. This Russian farmer's windmill was built in Russia in 2001 and transported to Gifhorn by lorry. It is a replica of a typical Russian agricultural mill from the north Russian region around Archangelsk . The mill

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480-450: Is given on the mill as 1816. It closed in 1940 and fell into disrepair. The district of Gifhorn bought the dilapidated mill in 1977 and gave it into the charge of the museum owner, Horst Wrobel. It was restored with the help of donations and, in 1980, was rebuilt at the mill museum in working order. The German term for this type of mill, Bockwindmühle , refers to a mill in which the entire millhouse, stands on, or, more precisely, hangs from,

520-492: Is probably the largest horse mill ( Pferdemühle ) in Germany and comes from Hüllhorst-Oberbauerschaft in the district of Minden-Lübbecke . The original was built in 1797 and this replica erected in 1982. It is an octagonal timber-framed building. In the interior, horses walked around in a circle turning a wooden cogwheel with a power of one horsepower (PS) each. The cogwheel, with its 320 teeth and diameter of 32 metres,

560-523: Is the largest known of its type. It drove a stamping mill , used in the production of flax , and a corn mill . When the museum was expanded in 1987 a replica of a Greek windmill on the Cycladic island of Mykonos was constructed on an artificial island on the site. It is a white tower mill with a pointed roof and twelve sails. The replica of a Ukrainian windmill, the Natalka , was opened in 1988 in

600-399: The [REDACTED] A 391 , [REDACTED] A 39 , [REDACTED] A 395und [REDACTED] B 6 Replaced by the [REDACTED] A 71 Replaced by the [REDACTED] A 73 Replaced by the [REDACTED] A 73 replaced by the [REDACTED] B 4 R The Bundesstraße 4 (abbr. B4 ) is a German federal highway running in a northwesterly to southerly direction from

640-461: The Iron Curtain . The Bells Palace will host events and exhibitions celebrating peace, freedom and cultural diversity. Gifhorn is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Gifhorn at Wikimedia Commons International Wind- and Watermill Museum The International Wind- and Watermill Museum ( German : Internationales Wind- und Wassermühlen-Museum ), at Gifhorn in

680-530: The Mediterranean area. The corn mill, Moli de Tramuntana was built in 2000 based on the mills near Palma on the Balearic island of Majorca . Many such mills would be built in a row on elevated land. The round tower stands on a rectangular base, which was also the residence for the miller's family. The mill has six fabric covered sails with a diameter of about 20 metres. In the museum mill there

720-619: The salt street (German: Salzstraße ) being a main trading route for salt between Lüneburg and Brunswick , and the grain street (German: Kornstraße ) transporting grain between Celle and Magdeburg . Market rights were certified by John, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1275. Gifhorn was destroyed in the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud (1519-1523) and rebuilt afterwards. During the Thirty Years' War it suffered again severe destruction. The southern part of Gifhorn,

760-607: The "Society of the Friends of Alphonse Daudet" dedicated the mill as a museum and, in 1936, it appeared on a French postage stamp. This type of mill first appeared in the 12th century and is one of the oldest in France . This Korean stamp mill appeared in 2003, the first Asian mill on the museum site. It is an overshot mill from a hill region in the province of Gangwon-do in South Korea . Hill farmers used this type of farm in

800-509: The 19th century to grind corn. The Gifhorn mill was built in Korea using old traditional methods and Korean firs and birches and transported by ship to Germany, where three specialists from Korea erected it. It is a present from the Korean governor in whose district this type of mill was used. From the island of Taiwan comes this water treadmill , which was used to scoop water up and raise it to

840-567: The Berufsbildenden Schulen I and II. Alfred-Teves-Schule, which was called Volksschule Süd between 1954 and 1958, was open between 1954 and 2010. The Gifhorn railway station where trains from and to Hanover and Wolfsburg stop is in the southern part of the town. A smaller railway station, "Gifhorn Stadt" station with direct connections to Uelzen and Brunswick, is in the centre on the Brunswick–Uelzen railway line. In

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880-516: The German state of Lower Saxony , is the only one of its kind in Europe. On the museum's open-air site, which covers an area of around 16 hectares (40 acres), there are currently 16 mills from 12 different countries (as at 2009). The mills are either original or faithful reproductions and are set in landscapes typical of their origins. Right across the site are historic artefacts associated with mills and

920-581: The Market Place various well-preserved half-timbered houses built in the 16th and 17th centuries can be visited, e.g. the Old Town Hall with impressive wood sculptures dating from 1562. Some houses have interesting bay windows . House no. 2 in Steinweg street, called Höfersches Haus and dating from 1570, is considered to be one of the oldest houses in town. Gifhorn lies at the confluence of

960-521: The Moscow patriarchate . There is an additional charge for visiting the interior of this impressive, cathedral-like building, decorated with iconic paintings. The original was built in 1765 as a Transfiguration of Christ Church ( Christi-Verklärungskirche ) in the central Russian village of Kosljatjewo. 52°29′37″N 10°32′52″E  /  52.49361°N 10.54778°E  / 52.49361; 10.54778 Bundesstra%C3%9Fe 4 Replaced by

1000-606: The Rivers Ise and Aller . Gifhorn is situated about 20 km (12 mi) north of the city of Brunswick and about 15 km (9 mi) west of Wolfsburg. In the city, the Bundesstraße 4 and 188 meet. At the northern end of the city, the Lüneburg Heath starts. The oldest verifiable source attests the existence of the city in the year 1057. It was located at the crossing of two then important merchant routes:

1040-552: The circular gallery on the fourth story of the mill. The mill thus has enormous dimensions. Inside the Sansoucci mill at Gifhorn, the story of the mill museum is presented. The Viktoria post mill comes from the nearby village of Osloß and may therefore be considered typical of the local area. In 1882 it was erected there by a miller who had bought the mill in Neuhaldensleben district. Its original year of construction

1080-406: The city, the Bundesstraße 4 and 188 meet. Glocken-Palast , or The Bells Palace , is a monument and large building in Gifhorn. It was completed after 16 years of construction, combining various Russian timber building styles. Its cornerstone was laid by former Russian president Mikhail Gorbachev in 1996. It was built as a centre to promote cultural exchange across Europe, following the fall of

1120-411: The course of its history the mill was modified many times and evolved into a highly technical mill including, inter alia an automatic wind rose . The sails could be adjusted to the wind speed. In 1969 the last miller offered to donate the mill in a newspaper advert on the condition that it was rebuilt. The newspaper publisher, Axel Springer , acquired the mill and had it restored. Later he donated it to

1160-464: The flow of the river Ise . The first structures to be built were the exhibition hall and three mills (The Kellerholländer , the post mill ( Bockwindmühle ) and the Tyrolean watermill). The heart of the museum site is the 800 m exhibition hall housing objects from mills and the milling industry. In addition, there are 49 miniature model windmills and watermills - detailed and accurate scale models of

1200-620: The mill museum, where it was rebuilt in 1979. The roughly 300-year-old watermill from Iselsberg-Stronach near Lienz in the Tyrol is also one of the first three mills of the museum and was built here in 1979. It used to stand by a mountain stream in the Lesachtal valley in East Tyrol and is driven on the museum site by a pond. The mill, made of solid larch logs, has two overshot water wheels, that drive two milling gears. The Rossmühle

1240-427: The mill museum. The Lady Devorgilla mill is not located on the museum site itself, but within eyeshot of the museum on a lake on the edge of the town centre. It acts as a romantic backdrop for marriages and belongs to the town of Gifhorn. It is a replica of a Scottish windmill on Corbey Hill and dates to 1790. The original stands in Gifhorn's Scottish partner town of Dumfries . The 27-metre-high stave church on

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1280-541: The milling industry. The museum site is easily accessed by road; nearby is the intersection between the B 4 and B 188 federal highways. The museum is station 65 on the Lower Saxon Mill Road . The history of the mill museum is closely linked to its founder and owner, Horst Wrobel. In 1965 he discovered an old post mill that was still working, on the Elm ridge at Abbenrode during an outing. Horst Wrobel made

1320-403: The museum site with its eight gilded domes is a replica of the wooden Russian Orthodox church dedicated to Saint Nicholas . The Muscovite patriarch , Alexy II , formerly head of 100 million Russian Orthodox Christians , opened it in 1995. In the church there is an exhibition with liturgical artefacts ( icons , oil lamps , candlesticks , vestments , embroidery , fonts and bibles ) from

1360-409: The originals - from 20 countries on display. They provide information about those processes that man made use of in employing wind and water power to carry out heavy work before the discovery of the steam engine . Examples of the mill models: The centrepiece of the open-air museum is the village square or Dorfplatz with a collection of three timber-framed houses, which are arranged in the form of

1400-611: The presence of the consul general of the Soviet Union , an occasion intended to foster positive contacts with the former Communist state. The mill's prototype stands in Gifhorn 's partner town of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi in Ukraine near Kyiv , where it acts as a restaurant today under the name of Vitrjak ("windmill"). The mill has a base made of solid pine and spruce logs built in log cabin style. The long, narrow tower only houses

1440-577: The river. The mill was built by: With this type of mill the owner is both miller and ship's captain . He can search for the best water flow in the river. The ship mill has the disadvantage of being an obstacle to shipping so that, in the 19th century, regulations had to be introduced. In 1861 the construction of ship mills was banned on the River Rhine , consequently the last mill of this type disappeared in 1926. Such river mills have completely disappeared from today's rural scene, because they only have

1480-512: The state of Schleswig-Holstein to Bavaria . It provides a direct route for motorists traveling between Hamburg and Nuremberg . The section north of Hamburg is paralleled by Bundesautobahn 7 and the road is down-graded to a Landstraße (country road); the section between Hallstadt and Erlangen is paralleled by the A ;70 and A 73 and is also down-graded to a Staatsstraße (state road, same as country road). The Bundesstraße 4

1520-753: Was built in 1788, burnt down in 1945 during the final clashes of the Second World War and was rebuilt in Potsdam in 1993. The mill near the royal residence became famous through a legend that its clattering disturbed Frederick the Great . When the king threatened it with compulsory purchase, the miller was referred to the Kammergericht , or Supreme Court, in Berlin. The German name for this type of mill, Galerieholländer ("Dutch gallery mill"), refers to

1560-413: Was built in 1848 under the name Immanuel . It is one of the original three mills that was established at the museum. It is described in German as a Bergholländer ("Dutch hill mill") or Kellerholländer ("Dutch cellar mill"). These terms indicated that, in the former case that the mill was built on a small hill, and in the latter, that it had a cellar into which the horses and carts could be driven. During

1600-686: Was the forerunner of the Pelton turbine . Its bucket water wheels were especially useful where there were small amounts of water and steep gradients. This type was used especially in mountain regions, like the Alps , the Pyrenees and the Carpathians . The mill was a present from the Serbian-Orthodox bishop Lavrentije of the diocese of Šabac - Valjevo to celebrate the 25th anniversary of

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