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30-559: The festival's origins date back to 1963. In the beginning it was an initiative of the City Council of Gijón in co-operation with Caja de Ahorros de Asturias (Cajastur). Both entities co-operate with the Festival, the first as organizer and the second as sponsor. The first year it was held, it was called Certamen Internacional de Cine y TV Infantil (International Children's cinema and TV contest). Between 1964 and 1968 it still kept

60-585: A FIPRESCI jury. Since 2002, the Gijón International Film Festival granted a National Film Award named after 'Nacho Martínez' to people who have contributed significantly to the film industry. It is a unique sculpture made by Jaime Herrero. Caja de Ahorros de Asturias The Caja de Ahorros de Asturias ( Cajastur ) is a savings and loan association of the Principality of Asturias . Caja de Ahorros de Asturias

90-434: A sovereign state , ruled or reigned over by a regnant- monarch with the title of prince and/or princess , or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince . Most of these states have historically been a polity , but in some occasions were rather territories in respect of which a princely title is held. The prince's estate and wealth may be located mainly or wholly outside

120-502: A feudal polity (often a former secular principality in the broad sense) held ex officio — the closest possible equivalent to hereditary succession — by a prince of the church , styled more precisely according to his ecclesiastical rank, such as prince-bishop , prince-abbot or, especially as a form of crusader state, grand master . Some of these instances were merely religious offices without sovereign power over any territory, while others, such as Salzburg and Durham , shared some of

150-659: A merger with the Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad Municipal de Gijón. Presently Cajastur has around 200 offices in Asturias and some 40 outside the Principality . It controls the Asturian telecommunications enterprise TeleCable . On September 21, 2010, Cajastur took definitive control of the financial business of Caja Castilla-La Mancha (CCM) with the notarization and presentation to the Mercantile Registry of

180-434: A series of activities for professionals, under the name of FICX Industry Days. The festival awards various prizes in its competitive sections and collaborates in other initiatives with an aim to promote Asturian filmmaking industry . Said awards are decided upon by an International Jury (made up of at least 5 professionals from different countries), a Young Jury (50 young people between 17 and 26 years of age) and, since 2005,

210-628: Is also sometimes used generically for any small monarchy, especially for small sovereign states ruled by a monarch of a lesser rank than a king, such as a Fürst (usually translated in English as "prince"), as in Liechtenstein, or a Grand Duke . No sovereign duchy currently exists, but Luxembourg is a surviving example of a sovereign grand duchy. Historically there have been sovereign principalities with many styles of ruler, such as Countship , Margraviate and even Lordship , especially within

240-404: Is the best vehicle to realise the aspirations of a people, became popular in the late 19th century. A characteristic of nationalism is an identity with a larger region such as an area sharing a common language and culture. With this development, principalities fell out of favour. As a compromise, many principalities united with neighbouring regions and adopted constitutional forms of government, with

270-496: Is the trade name of the enterprise while Cajastur is the commercial brand name it commonly uses. Its activities concentrate on retail banking, focusing primarily on the economic necessities of regional households, local corporations, and small and medium-sized enterprises. The origin of the bank date back to 1880, when the Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Oviedo was founded. It became the Caja de Ahorros de Asturias in 1946 after

300-590: The Holy Roman Empire . While the preceding definition would seem to fit a princely state perfectly, the European historical tradition is to reserve that word for native monarchies in colonial countries, and to apply "principality" to the European monarchies. Though principalities existed in antiquity, even before the height of the Roman Empire , the principality as it is known today developed in

330-530: The Middle Ages between 750 and 1450 when feudalism was the primary economic and social system in much of Europe. Feudalism increased the power of local princes within a king's lands. As princes continued to gain more power over time, the authority of the king was diminished in many places. This led to political fragmentation as the king's lands were broken into mini-states ruled by princes and dukes who wielded absolute power over their small territories. This

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360-733: The Habsburgs in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), when these institutions were abolished by the Bourbons due to their support for the Habsburg pretender. "Principality of Asturias" is the official name of autonomous community of Asturias , however, the term "Principality of Catalonia" or simply "Principality" remains in popular and informal contexts to refer to the autonomous community of Catalonia . The term "principality"

390-513: The Liberbank brand name only, and to this end, a process of remodeling the image and signage of the different branches would begin. On June 30, 2016, Manuel Menéndez resigned from his position as head of the foundation in compliance with the Law on Savings Banks and Banking Foundations, which established the incompatibility of holding simultaneous positions on the boards of banking foundations and on

420-524: The agreements and contracts for the segregation of assets of the Castilian-La Mancha entity and the incorporation of all its financial business (branches, brand, customers, deposits, loans and other financial products) to Banco Liberta, a subsidiary of Cajastur. This entity, which had moved its headquarters from Oviedo to Cuenca a few months before, elevated this change of domicile and also the substitution of its corporate name to public status on

450-415: The boards of directors of the banks to which the former savings banks had transferred their financial businesses. He was succeeded by César Menéndez Claverol. This Spanish bank or insurance-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Principality List of forms of government A principality (or sometimes princedom ) can either be a monarchical feudatory or

480-554: The characteristics of secular princes. Prior to the European colonialism, South Asia and South East Asia were under the influence of the Indosphere , where numerous Indianized principalities and empires flourished for several centuries in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Cambodia and Vietnam. The influence of Indian culture into these areas was given the term indianization . George Coedes defined it as

510-639: The distinction between those areas and the March of Wales . The Principality of Catalonia was a state located in the north-eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula and southern France between the late 12th and early 18th centuries, as the term for the political entity ruled by the Catalan Courts (the parliament) as a member of the composite monarchy of the Crown of Aragon , until the defeat of

540-511: The expansion of an organized culture that was framed upon Indian originations of royalty, Hinduism and Buddhism and the Sanskrit dialect . This can be seen in the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism . Indian honorifics also influenced the Malay , Thai , Filipino and Indonesian honorifics. In the colonial context, the term princely states was used, especially for those that came under

570-569: The festival's national and international guests, either as members of the International Jury or presenting their films in the various sections of the festival, are John Cale , Maria Schneider , Monte Hellman , Nicolas Winding Refn , Darren Aronofsky , Víctor Erice , Isabel Coixet or Carla Simón . Gijón International Film Festival comprises also a series of events, such as courses, panel discussions, q&a's and daily concerts, as well as live music parties. Since 2017, it organizes

600-695: The first millennium, and this trend subsequently led to the creation of such states as France , Portugal , and Spain . Another form of consolidation was orchestrated in Italy during the Renaissance by the Medici family. A banking family from Florence , the Medici took control of governments in various Italian regions and even assumed the papacy . They then appointed family members as princes and assured their protection. Prussia also later expanded by acquiring

630-621: The geographical confines of the principality. Generally recognised surviving sovereign principalities are Liechtenstein , Monaco , and the co-principality of Andorra . Extant royal primogenitures styled as principalities include Asturias (Spain). The Principality of Wales existed in the northern and western areas of Wales between the 13th and 16th centuries; the Laws in Wales Act 1535 which legally incorporated Wales within England removed

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660-522: The monarch acting as a mere figurehead while administration was left in the hands of elected parliaments. The trend in the 19th and 20th centuries was the abolition of various forms of monarchy and the creation of republican governments led by popularly elected presidents. Several principalities where genealogical inheritance is replaced by succession in a religious office have existed in the Roman Catholic Church , in each case consisting of

690-806: The organization of the event together with the City Council, was founded, and changed its name later into Divertia S.A.. This institution is in charge of the theatre's running, the festivities department and the organization of the Film Festival. Throughout the years, some of the most prestigious professionals in independent filmmaking have attended the festival, such as Abbas Kiarostami , Aki Kaurismäki , Todd Haynes , Pedro Costa , Paul Schrader , João César Monteiro , Seijun Suzuki , Jem Cohen , Kenneth Anger , Ulrich Seidl , Hal Hartley , Lukas Moodysson , Tsai Ming-liang , Claire Denis , Todd Solondz , Bertrand Bonello , Apichatpong Weerasethakul , Whit Stillman , Eugène Green or Philippe Garrel . Among

720-485: The same day, so that Banco Liberta, S.A. became Banco Castilla-La Mancha, S.A. In 2011 it was integrated into Liberbank . On July 23, 2014, the General Assembly approved the transformation of the entity into a banking foundation, in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Savings Banks and Banking Foundations. In April 2015, it was announced that the Liberbank group would operate throughout Spain under

750-431: The same name, only the last part, “children's”, was substituted by “for children”. Between 1969 and 1976 this last part stopped appearing in the Festival's name. From 1977 till 1978 it received the name Certamen Internacional de Cine para la Infancia y la Juventud (International Cinema Contest for Children and Teens). Although in 1986 the Festival began to put the text Gijón International Film Festival in front of its name, it

780-559: The services provided to their citizens. Princes and dukes developed their lands, established new ports and chartered large thriving cities. Some used their new-found wealth to build palaces and other institutions now associated with sovereign states. While some principalities prospered in their independence, less successful states were swallowed by stronger royal houses. Europe saw consolidation of small principalities into larger kingdoms and empires . This had already happened in England in

810-759: The sway of a European colonising power: for example the British Indian and neighbouring or associated (e.g., Arabian) princely states were ruled by monarchs called Princes by the British, regardless of the native styles, which could be equivalent to royal or even imperial rank in the Indigenous cultures. Principalities have also existed in ancient and modern civilizations of Africa , Pre-Columbian America and Oceania . Several micronations , which de facto have few characteristics of sovereign states and are not recognized as such, more or less seriously claim

840-469: The territories of many other states. However, in the 17th to 19th centuries, especially within the Holy Roman Empire, the reverse was also occurring: many new small sovereign states arose as a result of transfers of land for various reasons. Notable principalities existed until the early 20th century in various regions of Germany and Italy . Nationalism , the belief that the nation-state

870-809: Was especially prevalent in Europe , and particularly with the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire . During the Late Middle Ages from 1200 to 1500, principalities were often at war with each other as royal houses asserted sovereignty over smaller principalities. These wars caused a great deal of instability and economies were destroyed. Episodes of bubonic plague also reduced the power of principalities to survive independently. Eventually, agricultural progress and development of new trade goods and services boosted commerce between principalities. Many of these states became wealthy, expanded their territories and improved

900-532: Was not until 1988 that it officially adopted this name. Every year the Festival appoints a Young Jury made up of teens between 17 and 25 years among those, who request it. The present director, Alejandro Díaz Castaño, was elected in 2017 after a public tender to replace Nacho Carballo. In May 1996 the Entidad Mercantil Artístico-Musical Teatro Municipal Jovellanos de Gijón, S.A., body in charge of

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