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55-478: The station was built in 2009 in order to find an alternative for Gijón-Jovellanos / La Braña and Gijón-Cercanías that were planned to be demolished in order to free up the area for the construction of the Metrotrén, a project to extend the train line underground. As of 2021, Gijón Sanz Crespo remains as the only station serving Gijón downtown, and even though the tunnels have been dug, there is no clear plan on where

110-547: A 1,664 mm ( 5 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish railways. Since the beginning of the 1990s new high-speed passenger lines in Spain have been built to the international standard gauge of 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ), to allow these lines to link to the European high-speed network. Although

165-498: A 2 km (1.2 mi) dual-gauge cross-border track was rebuilt between Khasan , Russia, and Rajin , North Korea; its gauges were the Russian 1520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) and Korean 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ). Similar arrangements exist on the approach to Kaliningrad , where 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) track extends from

220-438: A dual-gauge line was installed between Acacia Ridge and Bromelton to serve a new freight hub at Bromelton. The 1700 kilometres (1100 miles) long Inland Railway , under construction in 2022, will have about 300 kilometres (190 miles) of dual gauge. [REDACTED] The Bangladesh Railway uses three rails to avoid breaks of gauge between its broad-gauge and metre-gauge lines. The Jamuna Bridge and Padma Bridge , which link

275-694: A joint line of the Deli Railway and the Atjeh Tram . Some sugar mill railways in Java have dual-gauge sections. [REDACTED] Ireland's Ulster Railway underwent a gauge conversion from 1880mm to the new Irish standard of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ). The Dublin & Drogheda Railway underwent a gauge conversion because the gauges were too close to allow a dual-gauge line. [REDACTED] The Potenza – Avigliano Lucania line in Italy

330-444: A rail yard and triple-gauge track is needed to meet the operational needs of the break-of-gauge station – most commonly where there is insufficient space to do otherwise. Construction and operation of triple-gauge track and its signalling, however, involves immense cost and disruption, and is undertaken when no other alternative is available. The following table shows localities where triple gauge has been necessary. Three gauges are

385-575: A replacement wheelset may be required (for example, the Russian-Finnish train Allegro is built for a 1,522 mm track gauge, intermediate between the Russian 1,520 mm and the Finnish 1,524 mm). Backward compatibility—1,676 mm trains on 1,668 mm gauge—is possible, but no examples and data exist. Due to the somewhat narrower gauge, a strong wear of the wheels may occur if

440-489: A result of longstanding interstate rivalries: three different gauges had persisted since the 1850s and the five mainland state capitals were not linked by standard gauge until 1995. Huge costs and long delays were imposed by trans-shipment of freight at break-of-gauge stations, whether manually, by gantry crane or by wheelset or bogie exchange. During World War II , breaks of gauge in Australia added immense difficulty to

495-588: A short length of dual-gauge track is only needed within the facility. A benefit is that the contents of fully loaded cars are not disturbed. The scheme was first adopted on the French–Spanish border and in Poland. It introduces delay into transit times compared with dual-gauge operation, but is much quicker than trans-shipping: when introduced in 1962 in Melbourne, Australia, on the route between Sydney and Adelaide,

550-524: A signalling error. The standard gauge train had been switched on to the narrow gauge track. [REDACTED] The Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme in France is dual gauge between Noyelles-sur-Mer and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme . The line has four rails with metre gauge laid within standard gauge. There are some dual-gauge (standard and Iberian) sidings at Cerbère on the Spanish border. [REDACTED] In

605-420: A third rail, if it will fit, or by two additional rails. Dual-gauge tracks are more expensive to configure with signals and sidings, and to maintain, than two separate single-gauge tracks. It is therefore usual to build dual-gauge or other multi-gauge tracks only when necessitated by lack of space or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or passenger stations. Dual-gauge tracks are by far

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660-402: A three-rail dual-gauge system was proposed in order to avoid a break of gauge. However, designing turnouts was considered to be difficult due to the difference of only 165 millimetres (6.5 inches) between the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and the 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad gauge. After twenty years, the proposal was abandoned. Much later,

715-629: A three-rail layout. In 1991, the interurban trams went out of service and then the network used only standard-gauge track. [REDACTED] The Sofia tramway uses a mixture of narrow and standard gauge. A 2.6 km (1.6 mi) section of track between Krasna polyana depot and Pirotska street is dual-gauge shared by 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) route 22 and 1009 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 23 ⁄ 32  in ) route 11. [REDACTED] The new port of Kribi may serve 1000mm gauge bauxite traffic as well as 1435mm gauge iron ore traffic. [REDACTED] In

770-407: A train of empty wagons has to be brought to the break of gauge from the other side to fetch the cargo. Congestion is also caused by unloading and reloading. The problem is worsened when there is a disparity between the capacity of locomotives and vehicles on the two gauges: typically, one broad-gauge trainload needs three narrow-gauge trains to carry. Constructing dual-gauge track with three rails

825-414: Is a track gauge of 1,668 mm ( 5 ft  5 + 21 ⁄ 32  in ), most extensively used by the railways of Spain and Portugal . A broad gauge , it is the second-widest gauge in regular use anywhere in the world, with only Indian gauge railways , 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ), being wider (by 8 mm ( 5 ⁄ 16  in)). As finally established in 1955,

880-409: Is a dual gauge rail with 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 950 mm ( 3 ft  1 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) tracks. [REDACTED] In Japan, the national standard is 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge. Dual gauge is used where the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Shinkansen (bullet train) lines join

935-430: Is available, are termed " gauntlet track" (US: "gantlet track") . Four rails must be placed identically on either side of the central axis of dual-gauge turntables (and six rails on triple-gauge turntables) so that they match the configuration of the fixed rails leading to and from the turntable, regardless of the direction in which the turntable is facing. In rare situations, three different gauges may converge on to

990-421: Is in the range 145 millimetres (5.7 inches) to 200 millimetres (7.9 inches). In some places, the dimensions of two gauges needing to be collocated are too close to allow a three-rail configuration – for example: In such cases, four rails are needed to provide the dual gauge. Four rails might also be installed because of other engineering or operational factors, even though three rails would suffice: an example

1045-514: Is on the Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme (Somme Bay railway), which combines standard and metre gauge – 435 millimetres (17.1 inches) different, well within the parameters for three rails. Four rails are necessary where the centre-line of rail vehicles on both tracks must be closely aligned with the centre-line of the track in tunnels or other constricted locations. Such configurations, when they revert back to standard parallel lines as soon as room

1100-402: Is possible when the two adjacent rails can be separated at the base by at least the space required by rail fastening hardware such as spikes and or rail clips – typically 40 millimetres (1.6 inches). If the two gauges are closer than that, four rails must be used. Depending on the rail fasteners used and the weight of rails (heavy rails are bigger), the practicable difference between the two gauges

1155-1514: Is the rollbock (Rollböcke in German), used under two-axle standard-gauge vehicles: each wheelset is carried on a small four-wheeled narrow-gauge trolley. The entire train is converted in minutes at a slow walking pace, each rollbock being automatically matched to its wheelset from underneath. A further variant is " train on train ", in which an entire narrow-gauge train is carried on standard-gauge flatcars on which continuous rail has been fitted. Differences in gauge are also accommodated by gauge-adjustable wheelsets , which as of 2022 were installed under some passenger vehicles on international links between Spain and France, Sweden and Finland, Poland and Lithuania, and Poland and Ukraine. In Spain, change-over facilities are extensive, since although 1668 millimetres (65.7 inches) track predominates, and high-speed lines are laid to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge, there are many lines with narrower gauges (1000 millimetres (39 inches) and others). [REDACTED] In Victoria , there are sections of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between Southern Cross station and West Footscray , Sunshine and Newport , Albion and Jacana , North Geelong and Gheringhap , Maryborough and Dunolly , and in various goods yards and industrial sidings. Until 2008, there

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1210-431: Is very often associated with a break-of-gauge station, where rail vehicles or vehicle contents are transferred from one gauge to another. A break of gauge causes delay and increases congestion, especially on single-track lines. Essentially, two trains are required to do what a single train would normally accomplish. When traffic passes mainly in one direction, full wagons taken to the border have to be returned as empties, and

1265-659: The 600 mm ( 1 ft  11 + 5 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Pelion railway . [REDACTED] In 1899, in the Dutch East Indies , dual gauge track was installed between Yogyakarta and Solo . The track was owned by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij , a private company, which in 1867 had built the 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge line. The third rail

1320-542: The Czech Republic , there is 2 km of dual gauge 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 760 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 15 ⁄ 16  in ) track near Jindřichův Hradec . In 1985, its original four rails were converted to three rails. In 2004, in Jindřichův Hradec at a switch where a dual gauge railway bifurcates, a Junák express from Plzeň to Brno derailed due to

1375-552: The Netherlands were constructed with a track gauge of 1945 mm ( 6 ft  4 + 9 ⁄ 16  in ). For the 1939 centennial celebration, an exact replica of the country's first locomotive "De Arend" was built using the original blueprints. Since 1953, the locomotive is housed at the Dutch National Railway Museum , where in recent years, a dual-gauge track has been constructed in

1430-557: The Ruhr and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks on lines north of the Ruhr. The north lines closed in the 1960s and 1970s. Duisburg's three routes were converted to 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track. [REDACTED] Ghana is converting its narrow gauge to standard gauge, and is installing dual-gauge sleepers as an intermediate stage. [REDACTED] In Greece,

1485-554: The South Australian Railways successfully adopted dual-gauge turnouts . In Western Australia , 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) of double-track dual-gauge extends for 120 km (75 mi) of the main line from East Perth to Northam . Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at Woodbridge to Cockburn Junction , then to Kwinana on one branch and North Fremantle on

1540-461: The loading gauge . The Indian gauge ( 1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in ) is closely similar, with only 8 mm ( 5 ⁄ 16  in) difference, and allows compatibility with the rolling stock. For example, in recent years Chile and Argentina have bought second hand Spanish/Portuguese Iberian-gauge rolling stock. 1,668 mm trains can run on 1,676 mm gauge without adaptation, but for better stability in high-speed running

1595-614: The 1970s, the Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen tram lines underwent a gauge conversion from 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge to standard gauge. This was part of an upgrade to the Stuttgart Stadtbahn . In 1981, 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) dual-gauge track was constructed so that new DT-8 Stadtbahn cars and old trams could share

1650-452: The 22 km from Tardienta to Huesca (part of a branch from the Madrid to Barcelona high-speed line) has been reconstructed as mixed Iberic and standard gauge, in general the interface between the two gauges in Spain is dealt with by means of gauge-changing installations, which can adjust the gauge of appropriately designed wheelsets on the move. Plans exist to convert more of

1705-522: The Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm ( 5 ft  5 + 13 ⁄ 16  in ) gauge of six Castilian feet . Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and later railways to

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1760-485: The Iberian-gauge network in Spain and Portugal to standard gauge, an indication of which is the use, on several stretches of recently relaid broad-gauge track, of concrete sleepers pre-drilled with additional bolt holes allowing for repositioning of one rail to adjust the track to standard gauge (or to dual gauge ) or the narrowing of the gauge by moving both rails closer together maintaining the perfect alignment of

1815-789: The Port of Brisbane utilise the dual gauge Fisherman Islands line that runs parallel to the Cleveland railway line from Park Road to Lindum . Passenger trains use the dual-gauge section of the Beenleigh railway line running parallel to the electric suburban narrow gauge of the Queensland Rail city network over the Merivale Bridge into platforms 2 and 3 at Roma Street Station . This is used by standard gauge interstate New South Wales TrainLink XPT services to Sydney . In 2012,

1870-545: The east–west and north–south rail systems respectively, have four-rail dual-gauge tracks. Of the 2,875 kilometres (1,786 mi) Bangladesh Railway system, about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) has four-rail dual-gauge. [REDACTED] Tram tracks in Brussels once combined 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) metre gauge lines for inter-urban trams and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) lines for urban trams in

1925-427: The freight handling time per train dropped from five days to less than two. The process involved disconnecting the brake rigging and bogie centre pins have to be disconnected before the vehicle is lifted and new bogies are wheeled underneath. In Europe, a similar principle embodies low-profile, small-wheeled transporter wagons , which carry vehicles built for one gauge on a line with a different gauge. A variant

1980-595: The line between Athens and Elefsis (now closed) was dual gauge in order to allow the 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trains of the Peloponnese rail network to pass. It also allowed standard gauge trains to reach the Elefsis shipyards. In Volos , a short section of track between the main station and the harbour used an unusual triple gauge, to accommodate standard gauge trains from Larissa , metre gauge trains from Kalambaka , and

2035-741: The line to Surabaya instead of on the original line via Kedungjati. In 1942 and 1943 in Java , under Japanese military occupation , conversion took place from 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) to 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) on the Brumbung –Kedungjati–Gundih main line and the Kedungjati– Ambarawa branch line. Until the 1970s, a short section of dual gauge 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) line existed in North Sumatra on

2090-626: The lines. At the north end of the route, at the junction with Rheinstraße, the trams reverse. There, the standard gauge line ends, while the metre gauge lines continue. At the Hauptbahnhof, on Oppumer Straße, dual gauge track continues. At the ends of Oppumer Straße, the two tracks diverge. In Mülheim there is a similar situation. The Duisburg tram line 901 meets the local line 102 . The tram system in Duisburg uses 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track while

2145-842: The main network. For example, part of the Ōu Main Line became part of the Akita Shinkansen and was converted to dual gauge in a limited section. The longest (82.1 km (51.0 mi)) dual gauge section in Japan is near, and in, the Seikan Tunnel . Sections of the Hakone Tozan Line are among a number of other dual-gauge lines. [REDACTED] Mexico previously had 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 914 mm ( 3 ft ) dual gauge track. [REDACTED] The first railway lines in

2200-467: The maximum found on operating railway lines and in railway yards, but some rolling stock manufacturers collocate more than three lines in their works, depending on the particular gauges of their customers. Transfer of freight and passengers between different gauges does not necessarily involve dual-gauge track: there may simply be two tracks that approach either side of a platform without overlapping. In Australia, 13 break-of-gauge stations existed by 1945 as

2255-426: The middle of a "biting-cold" night in 1896 and there formed his pungent view of "the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth". In some locations, an alternative to building long lengths of dual-gauge track has been to change the wheels on rolling stock , either by dropping and changing wheelsets from four-wheeled vehicles or exchanging bogies (US: trucks) under eight-wheeled vehicles. With this arrangement,

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2310-534: The middle platform to be divided by the east–west axis. The station has information and tickets desks (again separated between gauges) and a small cafeteria. A car-renting company also operates in the station. Urban buses from EMTUSA, Gijón public transport company, stop in front of the station. This article related to Asturias, Spain is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Iberian-gauge railways Iberian gauge ( Spanish : ancho ibérico, trocha ibérica , Portuguese : bitola ibérica )

2365-454: The most common configuration, but triple-gauge tracks have been built in some situations. The rail gauge is the most fundamental specification of a railway. Rail tracks and wheelsets are built within engineering tolerances that allow optimum lateral movement of the wheelsets between the rails. Pairs of rails that become too wide or narrow in gauge will cause derailments, especially if in excess of normal gauge-widening on curves. Given

2420-473: The network. In 2008, a further gauge conversion was completed. The Stuttgart Straßenbahn Museum operates 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams on weekends and special occasions. In Krefeld on Ostwall, tram lines are dual gauge so that standard 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Rheinbahn U76 Stadtbahn cars and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge trams may share

2475-404: The new station will be built or even if it will be built at all. The station consists of 3 platforms and 6 tracks, of which half are Iberian gauge and the other half are metre gauge . Trains travelling on different gauges have different tickets, trains and controls. Metre-gauge railways were formally operated by Ferrocarriles de Vía Estrecha (FEVE), which was later absorbed by Renfe , that at

2530-465: The other. The signalling system detects the gauge of the approaching train and puts the signals to stop if the route is set for the wrong gauge. In Queensland , there is a section of 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track between the rail freight yards at Acacia Ridge and Park Road station , which is utilised by both passenger and freight trains. Freight trains to

2585-595: The rail yard, allowing for the locomotive to drive back and forth on special occasions. [REDACTED] In Poland, there is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) of 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge track in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , linking Pleszew with a nearby mainline station. It is served by narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains. [REDACTED] Between 2008 and 2012,

2640-443: The rails of the narrower gauge lying between those of the broader gauge. In the three-rail configuration, wear and tear of the common rail is greater than with the two other outer rails. In dual gauge lines, turnouts ( railroad switches ) are more complex than in single-gauge track, and trains must be safely signalled on both of the gauges. Track circuits and mechanical interlocking must also operate on both gauges. Multi-gauge track

2695-504: The requirement for gauge to be within very tight limits, when the designed distance between the pair of wheels on a wheelset differs even slightly from that of others on a railway, track must be built to two specific gauges. That is achieved in a variety of ways: most commonly by adding a third rail, more rarely by adding another pair of rails; and rarer still, when three gauges are present, by four rails. Dual-gauge track can consist of three rails, sharing one "common" rail; or four rails, with

2750-480: The time ran trains on Iberian and international gauge . However, Renfe kept former FEVE services in a separated division called Renfe Feve , and as of 2021, fares, tickets and ticket barriers are different from the rest of Renfe trains. Therefore, at the Gijón station it is necessary to separate the tracks on the south side - of metric gauge - from the tracks on the north side - of Iberian gauge -. This situation causes

2805-797: The tram route from Witten to Mülheim uses 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge tracks. Two lines share a tunnel section between the Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof and Schloss Broich then diverge at street level. The tram network between Werne to Bad Honnef is large with various operators and gauges. The trams in Wuppertal used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on east–west lines and 1000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge track on north–south lines. Trams in Duisburg used 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge track on lines south of

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2860-517: The war effort by needing extra locomotives and rolling stock, and more than 1600 service personnel and a large pool of civilians, at transfer points for an annual average transfer of about 1.8 million tonnes of freight. To cost and inefficiency was added, in the case of passengers, considerable inconvenience. In 1896, at Albury station on the Sydney–Melbourne railway , famed American writer Samuel Clemens ( Mark Twain ) had to change trains in

2915-438: The wheelset is not replaced. Dual gauge In railway engineering, " gauge " is the transverse distance between the inner surfaces of the heads of two rails, which for the vast majority of railway lines is the number of rails in place. However, it is sometimes necessary for track to carry railway vehicles with wheels matched to two different gauges. Such track is described as dual gauge – achieved either by addition of

2970-534: Was a dual-gauge line between Wodonga and Bandiana . At Albury railway station , New South Wales , a 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) dual-gauge line was in place until 2011. A dual-gauge line was within Tocumwal railway station until 1988, when the standard gauge component was put out of use. In 1900, in South Australia ,

3025-489: Was installed to allow passengers and goods travelling over the 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge Staatsspoorweg (state railway) a direct connection. At a later date, the government constructed new tracks to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. In 1940, a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to Semarang , allowing 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta via Gambringan, on

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