40-850: Sir Gilbert Blane of Blanefield, 1st Baronet FRSE FRS MRCP (29 August 1749 – 26 June 1834) was a Scottish physician who instituted health reform in the Royal Navy . He saw action against both the French and Spanish fleets, and later served as a Commissioner on the Sick and Wounded Board of the Admiralty . He was President of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London in 1813. Born in Blanefield, by Kirkoswald , in Ayrshire , he
80-660: A registration county . There was an Ayrshire constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1868, when the constituency was divided into Ayrshire North and Ayrshire South . During the whole of the 1708 to 1868 period, and until 1950, the burghs of Ayr and Irvine were parliamentary burghs , represented as components of Ayr Burghs . In 1832 Kilmarnock became
120-863: A common slang word for a British person. On his return to Britain, he became Physician to St Thomas' Hospital (1783–1795), Physician Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales (1786) and Physician in Ordinary to the King (George IV and William IV). He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1784 and delivered their Croonian lecture in 1788 On the Nature of the Muscles, and on the Theory of Muscular Motion . By virtue of these court and hospital appointments, he built up
160-543: A detailed picture of the high levels of sickness that affected the squadron. Despite James Lind's 1753 publication of A treatise on scurvy , which established the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in preventing scurvy, the Admiralty had not implemented his recommendations, and scurvy remained a significant cause of sickness in the Fleet. Blane published a pamphlet for the benefit of ships' surgeons in 1780 entitled On
200-454: A good practice for himself in London, and the government constantly consulted him on questions of public hygiene . In 1795 Blane was appointed as Commissioner on the Sick and Wounded Board of the Admiralty; the provision of soap, lemons, adequate ventilation and standardised medical stores have all been attributed to his reforms. He was an instrumental advisor to the government in the drafting of
240-545: A parliamentary burgh, to be represented as a component of Kilmarnock Burghs until 1918. Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs were districts of burghs , and quite different in character from later Ayr and Kilmarnock constituencies. From 1918 to 1983 Ayrshire and Buteshire were treated as if a single area for purposes of parliamentary representation, with their combined area being divided into different constituencies at different times. Scottish local government counties were abolished in 1975, in favour of regions and districts , but
280-648: A population of approximately 366,800. The electoral and valuation area named Ayrshire covers the three council areas of East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire, therefore covering the whole historic county of Ayrshire but also including the Isle of Arran , Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae from the historic county of Buteshire . The three council areas together also form the Ayrshire and Arran lieutenancy area . The largest settlement in Ayrshire by population
320-591: Is Kilmarnock , closely followed by Ayr , the county town . Ayrshire is roughly crescent-shaped and is a predominantly flat county with areas of low hills; it forms part of the Southern Uplands geographic region of Scotland. The north of the county contains the main towns and bulk of the population. East of Largs can be found the Renfrewshire Heights, which continue south to the hill-country around Blae Loch . Southern Ayrshire shares with
360-523: Is one of the most agriculturally fertile regions of Scotland. Potatoes are grown in fields near the coast, using seaweed-based fertiliser, and in addition the region produces pork products, other root vegetables, and cattle (see below); and summer berries such as strawberries are grown abundantly. A number of small islands in the Firth of Clyde are part of Ayrshire, the chief of these being Horse Isle , Lady Isle and Ailsa Craig . The main rivers flowing to
400-500: The County of Bute . For lieutenancy purposes, the last lord-lieutenant of the county of Ayrshire was made lord-lieutenant for the combined area of the four districts when the reforms came into effect in 1975, with the lieutenancy area being renamed Ayrshire and Arran in 1996. In 1996 the two-tier system of regions and districts was abolished and Ayrshire was divided between the unitary council areas of East Ayrshire (covering
440-774: The Galloway counties some rugged hill country known as the Galloway Hills . These hills lie to the west of the A713 (Ayr to Castle Douglas road) and they run south from the Loch Doon area almost to the Solway Firth . To the east of this route through the hills lie the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills which lie to the south east of Dalmellington and south of New Cumnock . Glen Afton runs deep into these hills. Ayrshire
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#1732801016972480-568: The Ulster Scots dialect is largely an offshoot of the version of Lowland Scots spoken in Ayrshire. The Ulster Scots dialect is still widely spoken throughout County Antrim and in parts of County Down and County Londonderry , as well as still being widely spoken in West Tír Eoghain and parts of County Donegal (chiefly East Donegal and Inishowen ). Commissioners of Supply were created in 1667 for each shire, and formed
520-716: The post-nominal letters FRSE, Honorary Fellows HonFRSE, and Corresponding Fellows CorrFRSE. The Fellowship is split into four broad sectors, covering the full range of physical and life sciences, arts, humanities, social sciences, education, professions, industry, business and public life. Examples of current fellows include Peter Higgs and Jocelyn Bell Burnell . Previous fellows have included Melvin Calvin , Benjamin Franklin , James Clerk Maxwell , James Watt , Thomas Reid , and Andrew Lawrence . A comprehensive biographical list of Fellows from 1783–2002 has been published by
560-552: The 1799 Quarantine Act. Blane left the Commission in 1802. In 1809 Blane provided expert medical advice with regards to the Walcheren expedition . This involved a British occupation of Walcheren Island with 40,000 men. The island was surrounded by marshland and many troops were struck down with 'Walcheren Fever', most likely malaria . The General Staff heeded Blane's advice that the occupying forces should be evacuated due to
600-787: The British Kingdom of Strathclyde , which was incorporated into the Kingdom of Scotland during the 11th century. In 1263, the Scots successfully drove off the Norwegian leidang -army in a skirmish known as the Battle of Largs . A notable historic building in Ayrshire is Turnberry Castle , which dates from the 13th century or earlier, and which may have been the birthplace of Robert the Bruce . The historic shire or sheriffdom of Ayr
640-623: The Clyde coast are, from north to south, the following: The area that today forms Ayrshire was part of the area south of the Antonine Wall which was briefly occupied by the Romans during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (see: Roman Britain#Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland ). It was inhabited by the Damnonii , who are presumed to have been Britons . Later, it formed part of
680-653: The Medical Officer who achieved the highest mark in his professional examinations for promotion to Staff Surgeon. In 1936 the regulations were again changed to a form that remains extant to this day: This fund is employed for the purposes of conferring a Gold Medal on the Medical Officer of the Royal Navy who, to a degree which is considered worthy of recognition, has brought about an advance in any branch of Medical Science in its application to Naval Service, or has contributed to an improvement in any matter affecting
720-571: The Prestwick site. However, unemployment in the region (excluding the more rural South Ayrshire) is above the national average. Throughout the 17th century, huge numbers of people from Ayrshire moved to Ulster , the northern province in Ireland , as part of the Plantation of Ulster , many of them with surnames such as Burns, Hamilton, Morrow, Stewart, Flanagan, Kennedy and Cunningham. Today,
760-616: The Royal Society of Edinburgh ( FRSE ) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh , Scotland's national academy of science and letters , judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This society received a royal charter in 1783, allowing for its expansion. Around 50 new fellows are elected each year in March. As of 2016 there are around 1,650 Fellows, including 71 Honorary Fellows and 76 Corresponding Fellows. Fellows are entitled to use
800-513: The Society. County of Ayr Ayrshire ( Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Inbhir Àir , pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk iɲiˈɾʲaːɾʲ] ) is a historic county and registration county , in south-west Scotland , located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde . The lieutenancy area of Ayrshire and Arran covers the entirety of the historic county as well as the island of Arran, formerly part of
840-518: The area controlled by the county council when it was created in 1890, being deemed capable of running their own services. In 1930 the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 was implemented. This brought Ayr and Kilmarnock under the control of the county council, and re-designated all burghs as either large burghs or small burghs . Ayr and Kilmarnock were both classed as large burghs, allowing them to retain control of many functions, whilst
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#1732801016972880-402: The area of the former Kilmarnock & Loudoun District and Cumnock & Doon Valley District), North Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Cunninghame District Council) and South Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kyle and Carrick District). The boundaries of the historic county of Ayrshire are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being
920-601: The award as stated above. The Gilbert Blane Medal is awarded annually to this day, alternately by the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Royal College of Physicians , upon the recommendation of the Medical Director General (Navy). The medal was last awarded in 2020 to Surgeon Commander Anton Fries, consultant plastic surgeon at Oxford University Hospitals, for his work on reconstructive transplantation surgery. FRSE Fellowship of
960-486: The company was taken over by Compaq in 1998. Some supplier companies grew up to service this site and the more distant IBM plant at Greenock in Renfrewshire . Scotland's aviation industry has long been based in and around Prestwick and its international airport , and although aircraft manufacture ceased at the former British Aerospace plant in 1998, a significant number of aviation companies are still based on
1000-435: The county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council . The county area was divided between four new districts within the two-tier Strathclyde region : Cumnock and Doon Valley , Cunninghame , Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Kyle and Carrick . The Cunninghame district included the Isle of Arran , Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae , which had until then been administered as part of
1040-584: The county's other burghs were all classed as small burghs, ceding many functions to the county council. The 1929 act also abolished the parish councils. In Ayrshire in excess of 30 parishes were consolidated into ten district councils . The District Councils were Ayr, Cumnock, Dalmellington, Girvan, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilmarnock, Maybole, Troon and Saltcoats. Ayrshire County Council was based at County Buildings in Wellington Square in Ayr. In May 1975
1080-613: The creation of any new constituency names. A number of railway lines connect the towns of northern Ayrshire to each other and also to Glasgow, as well as south to Stranraer and south-east to Dumfries . Ferries link Ayrshire to the islands of Arran and Great Cumbrae in Buteshire . Glasgow Prestwick International Airport , serving Glasgow and the west of Scotland more generally, is located 32 miles (51 km) away from Glasgow in Ayrshire; it provides various passenger flights to Spain, Portugal, Italy and Poland. The name Glasgow
1120-498: The exercise of their professional duties" . The medal was designed by Benedetto Pistrucci who had designed the 1817 St George and dragon reverse of the British gold sovereign which is still used today. It is currently struck in gold-plated Sterling silver ; the reverse side is inscribed with the motto ' Mente Manuque '; with mind and hand. Under the original terms, a pair of medals would be awarded biennially. Blane himself judged
1160-402: The first award of a pair of medals in 1832; to Dr John Liddell of HMS Asia for his preparations for the 1827 Battle of Navarino and to Dr William Donnelly of HMS Hussar for his examinations of the nature of syphilis and rheumatic fever. These were the only medals adjudicated by Blane prior to his death in 1834. In 1913 the rules of the prize were amended and the medal was to be awarded to
1200-464: The health or living conditions of Naval personnel. In adjudicating the award of the Medal consideration will be given to achievement by Medical Officers in research, in original articles and reports; criticisms of a constructive character of existing conditions; and information which is brought to notice or work performed, or suggestions made, by Medical Officers within the scope of the regulations governing
1240-472: The historic county of Buteshire . Its principal towns include Ayr , Kilmarnock and Irvine and it borders the counties of Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire to the north-east, Dumfriesshire to the south-east, and Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire to the south. Like many other counties of Scotland, it currently has no administrative function, instead being sub-divided into the council areas of East Ayrshire , North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire . It has
Gilbert Blane - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-689: The likelihood of sickness. As a reward for his services to the Walcheren expedition and his other naval contributions, he was made baronet of Blanefield in the County of Ayr , on 26 December 1812. His printed works include Observations on the Diseases of Seamen (1785) and Elements of Medical Logic (1819). He was an advocate for issuing each Royal Navy sailor with a tourniquet to stem catastrophic bleeding in battle. Blane lived at Burghfield in Berkshire and at Kirkoswald in Ayrshire. He
1320-433: The main administrative body for the area until county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 . The 1889 act also led to a review of boundaries of many of Scotland's counties; in the case of Ayrshire the two parishes of Beith and Dunlop , which had both straddled Ayrshire and Renfrewshire , were brought entirely within Ayrshire. The burghs of Ayr and Kilmarnock were both excluded from
1360-534: The most effective means for preserving the health of seamen, particularly in the Royal Navy. He advocated the use of citrus juice as a preventative and cure for scurvy in the squadron and eventually, as Commissioner of the Sick and Wounded Board, persuaded the Admiralty to go against the theories of the medical establishment and introduce lemon juice as daily addition to the naval diet in 1795. Later lemons were replaced by limes which could be obtained from Britain's Caribbean colonies, and for this reason, " limey " became
1400-439: The next reform of constituency boundaries was not until 1983. Constituencies covering Ayrshire may be listed by periods as below, but the story is somewhat more complicated than the lists may imply: until 1918, Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs included burghs lying outside both Ayrshire and Buteshire; a particular constituency name may represent different boundaries in different periods; in 1974, there were boundary changes without
1440-649: The sanction of the Board of the Admiralty, a fund for the encouragement of Naval Medical science, which was vested in the corporation of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of London. The fund of £300 was to be used to confer gold medals, to be awarded jointly by the Presidents of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, to the Medical Officer of the Royal Navy who was judged to demonstrate "the most distinguished proofs of skill, diligence, humanity and learning in
1480-535: Was appointed Physician to the Fleet (1779–1783) and accompanied Rodney, initially to pursue the Spanish squadron besieging Gibraltar and engaging them at the Battle of Cape St. Vincent , and then to the West Indies . Blane did much to improve the health of sailors by improving their diet and enforcing proper sanitary precautions. He demanded monthly reports from other ships' surgeons which enabled him to build up
1520-478: Was divided into three districts or bailieries which later made up the county of Ayrshire. The three districts were: The area used to be heavily industrialised, with steel making , coal mining and in Kilmarnock numerous examples of production-line manufacturing, most famously Johnnie Walker whisky. In more recent history, Digital Equipment had a large manufacturing plant near Ayr from about 1976 until
1560-626: Was elected a member of the Institute of France in 1826. Blane attended the anatomy course of Prof Alexander Monro Secundus when he studied medicine at Edinburgh University. Monro later accused Blane of plagiarising some of the information in publications, going so far as to write a pamphlet about the incident. He died at Sackville Street in the Piccadilly area of London on 26 June 1834. Blane married Elizabeth Gardiner in 1786. She died in 1832. In 1830 Sir Gilbert Blane established, with
1600-590: Was the fourth son of Gilbert Blane of Blanefield (d.1771) and Agnes McFadzen. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University and Glasgow University (MD 1778) before moving to London. The challenge of establishing a practice in London was eased by his friendship with Dr William Hunter, elder brother of the famous John Hunter who is now widely regarded as the father of modern surgery in Britain. Dr William Hunter introduced Blane to Lord Rodney who appointed Blane as his personal physician aboard HMS Sandwich . Blane
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