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53-525: The Glengarry bonnet is a traditional Scots cap made of thick-milled woollen material, decorated with a toorie on top, frequently a rosette cockade on the left side, and ribbons hanging behind. It is normally worn as part of Scottish military or civilian Highland dress , either formal or informal, as an alternative to the Balmoral bonnet or Tam o' Shanter . Traditionally, the Glengarry bonnet

106-618: A Black Grouse Action Plan 2007–2010. This has looked at local populations that are vulnerable to the extinction vortex . For example, in Styria, Austria. In the United Kingdom black grouse are found in upland areas of Wales, the Pennines and most of Scotland. Best looked for on farmland and moorland with nearby forestry or scattered trees. They have traditional lek sites where the males display. They have declined in some parts of

159-517: A black band and two black swallow-tail ribbons at the rear. The cap badge is worn over the left eye. Officers in the RDF wear a similar Glengarry but with green band and ribbons as part of their service dress uniform. Army pipers and drummers wear a black Glengarry with a saffron band and ribbons and a dark green feather hackle. The Glengarry is worn by male members of staff at the Palace of Holyroodhouse ,

212-648: A boulder, or extremely rarely, a used raptor's or corvid's nest 7 metres (23 ft) off the ground. A dent (23–28 centimetres (9.1–11.0 in) wide by 10–11 centimetres (3.9–4.3 in) deep) is scraped out on the dirt floor and cushioned with grasses, sticks, leaves, and feathers. About 6-11 pale buff eggs speckled brown are then laid in the nest, incubated for approx. 23–28 days. The chicks consume invertebrates, transitioning to more plant matter as they mature. By around 10–14 days and so forth, they are capable of short flights. Where their range overlaps in similar biomes of other species, they are capable of hybridizing with

265-595: A plain rifle green Glengarry up until their disbandment in 1968. The blue Glengarry currently worn by the Royal Regiment of Scotland has red, green and white dicing, a red toorie , black silk cockade and the regimental cap badge surmounted by a blackcock ( Tetrao tetrix ) feather. This last is a tradition taken from the Royal Scots and King's Own Scottish Borderers . Other Commonwealth military forces that have Scottish and Highland regiments also make use of

318-442: A pom pom at the top which indicates the difference form the men's bonnet and women's bonnet. The most common kind of bonnet worn today is a soft headcovering for babies. Its shape is similar to that of some kinds of bonnets that women used to wear: it covers the hair and ears, but not the forehead. While a bonnet may be a fashion choice by caregivers for a baby's headgear, it may also be used for sun protection, since an infant's skin

371-583: A simple red and white chequer pattern. This was said to commemorate the stand of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders at the Battle of Balaclava immortalized as the Thin Red Line . Between 1868 and 1897, the Glengarry was also worn as an undress cap for most British soldiers until replaced by the short-lived Austrian cap , replaced in turn in 1902 by the Brodrick cap (to which a peak was added to produce

424-562: A traditional European maid style, while slaves in the field wore hand-tied sunbonnets. These head bonnets were preferred by the masters for hygiene, while also offering protection from the sun. The word bonnet for male headgear was generally replaced in English by cap before 1700, except in Scotland , where bonnet and the Scots language version bunnet remained in use, originally for

477-433: A very distinctive and well-recorded courtship ritual. Every dawn in the spring, male grouse begin competition with other males in hopes of attracting a hen to mate with. They will display to signal their territory and vigor by fanning out their elaborate lyre-shaped tails and inflating their necks on designated open ground called a lek . Their song consists of a long, dove-like bubbling coo or murmur. Black grouse hens visiting

530-494: Is a large game bird in the grouse family. It is a sedentary species , spanning across the Palearctic in moorland and steppe habitat when breeding, often near wooded areas. They will spend the winter perched in dense forests, feeding almost exclusively on the needles of conifers. The black grouse is one of two species of grouse in the genus Lyrurus , the other being the lesser-known Caucasian grouse . The female

583-478: Is a large bird with males measuring roughly around 60 centimetres (24 in) in length and weighing 1,100–1,250 grams (2.43–2.76 lb), sometimes up to 2,100 grams (4.6 lb), with females approximately 45 cm (18 in) and weighing 750–1,100 grams (1.65–2.43 lb). The cock's fancy plumage is predominantly black with deep-blue hues on his neck and back, which contrasts the white wingline and undertail coverts, as well as red bare skin above each eye. On

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636-944: Is a population in the Alps , and isolated remnants in Germany , France , Belgium and the Netherlands . It formerly occurred in Denmark , but the Danish Ornithological Society (DOF) has considered it extinct since 2001. The species disappeared from Bulgaria in the 19th century. In Asia, a huge portion of their population can be found in Russia (particularly southern Siberia ), though they also inhabit parts of Kazakhstan , Mongolia , China , and possibly Korea . Black grouse are adapted to an extensive array of habitats across Eurasia, though most frequently utilize

689-630: Is also the term for the puffy velvet fabric inside the coronet of some male ranks of nobility, and "the affair of the bonnets" was a furious controversy in the France of Louis XIV over the mutual courtesies due between the magistrates of the Parliament de Paris and the Dukes of France. The Scotch bonnet pepper was named for its resemblance to a bonnet worn by men in Scotland in the past, as it had

742-575: Is especially the case among Anabaptist Christianity ( Old Order Mennonites , Schwarzenau Brethren , River Brethren , Amish ) and other plain people , such as plain-dressing Conservative Friends (Quakers) . Bonnets were adopted by the Salvation Army based on 1 Corinthians 11, as part of uniform for women. Initially, Salvation Army bonnets were introduced as symbolic and representative protection for women and were reinforced with black tar to turn them into physical helmets to protect against

795-567: Is greyish-brown and has a cackling or warbling call. She takes all responsibility for nesting and caring for the chicks, as typical with most galliforms . The black grouse's genome was sequenced in 2014. The black grouse was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Tetrao tetrix . Both Tetrao and tetrix come from Ancient Greek words referring to some form of game bird. The black grouse

848-666: Is more vulnerable to sunburn than an adult's. Modern bonnets are often made of silk or satin to preserve one’s hairstyle while asleep or lying down. They maintain a similar shape to bonnets that were popular in the 1960s. But it is more likely that these styles of headdress originated from the use of shower caps due to their appearance and application in salons. It can also be worn with French maid costumes. Bonnets are also used in alternative fashion communities such as lolita fashion . Blackcock The black grouse ( Lyrurus tetrix ), also known as northern black grouse , Eurasian black grouse , blackgame or blackcock ,

901-545: Is now placed in the genus Lyrurus that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William John Swainson . The male and female are sometimes referred to by their folk names, blackcock and greyhen, respectively. These names first occur in the literature with John Ray in 1674. Heathcock and Heathhen are also common names. The black grouse has six recognized subspecies. Black grouse populations differ slightly in size and coloration, with birds increasing in size further east of their range: The black grouse

954-500: Is said to have first appeared as the head dress of the Glengarry Fencibles when they were formed in 1794 by Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry , of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry . MacDonell, therefore, is sometimes said to have invented the Glengarry – but it is not clear whether early pictures of civilians or Fencible infantry show a true glengarry, capable of being folded flat, or the standard military bonnet of

1007-581: The Amish , Mennonite and Brethren churches among the Anabaptist branch of Christianity, and with Conservative Quakers , mainly in the Americas. Until the late 19th century bonnet seems to have been the preferred term for most types of hats worn by women, while hat was more reserved for male headgear, and female styles that resembled them, typically either in much smaller versions perched on top of

1060-672: The Boys' Brigade ; namely Warrant Officers, Lieutenants and Brevet Captains. In 1932 Percy Sillitoe , the Chief Constable of the City of Glasgow Police , abolished the traditional custodian helmet and added a new feature to the peaked caps worn by his police officers. This new feature was a black and white chequered cap band based on the dicings seen on the Glengarry headdress of the Scottish regiments. The diced band, popularly known as

1113-904: The Peak District in England . 30 grouse were released in October 2003, followed by 10 male grouse in December 2004 and a further 10 males and 10 females in April 2005. The programme is being run jointly by the National Trust , Severn Trent Water and Peak District National Park . Conservation groups helping to revive the black grouse include the RSPB and the Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust . In France there has been much work regarding

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1166-602: The Scottish Division up to their final amalgamation into the Royal Regiment of Scotland in 2006. In parade dress, it was worn by all regiments except the Black Watch , who wore the blue Balmoral bonnet , and musicians of some regiments, who wore feather bonnets in full dress. The Black Watch, however, wore a plain blue Glengarry in some orders of dress with trews. The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) wore

1219-589: The Sillitoe tartan , later spread to police forces in Australia, New Zealand , and the rest of the United Kingdom, as well as to some other parts of the world, notably Chicago. The correct method of wearing the Glengarry has changed since the end of the Second World War . Prior to 1945, Glengarries were generally worn steeply angled, with the right side of the cap worn low, often touching the ear, and

1272-585: The UK (especially England ), having disappeared from many of their former haunts. They are now extirpated in Lancashire , Derbyshire , Exmoor , East Yorkshire , New Forest , Nottinghamshire , Worcestershire , Quantock Hills , Cornwall , Dartmoor , Kent , Wiltshire and Surrey . A programme to re-introduce black grouse into the wild started in 2003 in the Upper Derwent Valley area of

1325-447: The ringneck pheasant , western capercaillie , black-billed capercaillie , Siberian grouse , hazel grouse , and willow ptarmigan . The tails of black-cocks have, since late Victorian times, been popular adornments for hats worn with Highland Dress . Most commonly associated with Glengarry and Balmoral or Tam o' Shanter caps, they still continue to be worn by pipers of civilian and military pipe bands . Since 1904, all ranks of

1378-569: The Christian Bible passage 1 Corinthians 11 . With society hairstyles becoming increasingly elaborate after 1770, the calash was worn outdoors to protect hair from wind and weather: a hood of silk stiffened with whalebone or arched cane battens, collapsible like a fan or the calash top of a carriage, they were fitted with ribbons to allow them to be held secure in a gale. From Waterloo, increasingly structured and fashionable bonnets made by milliners grew larger and less functional among

1431-943: The Glengarry without a diced border and usually with a feather had been adopted by pipers in all regiments except the 42nd ( Black Watch ), whose pipers wore the full dress feather bonnet . In 1914, all Scottish infantry regiments were wearing dark blue Glengarries in non-ceremonial orders of dress, except for the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) who wore them in rifle green , and the Scots Guards , who wore peaked forage caps or khaki service dress caps. The diced bands on Glengarries were either in red, white and blue for royal regiments or red, white and green for others. The toories on top could be red, royal blue or black, according to regiment. The Black Watch and Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, however, wore Glengarries without dicing and The 93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders were unique in wearing

1484-483: The Glengarry. The headdress worn by Irish Army 's Cavalry Corps is called a Glengarry but is more similar to the caubeen in appearance, than to the Scottish headdress of the same name. It was designed in 1934 for the Cavalry Corps as a more practical headdress than the standard peaked cap in the confines of their armoured cars and tanks. The Glengarry is the same colour as the army's service dress uniform with

1537-523: The King's Official residence in Scotland. The Glengarry is also commonly worn by civilians, notably civilian pipe bands, but can be considered an appropriate hat worn by any man with Highland casual dress or day wear. In this context, it most often has a red toorie. In pipe bands, women often also wear the Glengarry. The Glengarry is the headdress stipulated in Dress Regulations for Officers of

1590-420: The back of the head often was. The outdoor headgear of female servants and workers was more likely to be called a bonnet. It was often worn outside over a thinner everyday head covering, which was worn at all times. In summary, hats were often stiffer, worn on the top of the head with the crown and brim roughly horizontal, while bonnets were pushed back, covering the back of the head, with any brim often approaching

1643-590: The birds and their risk of flying into ski-lifts . From 1950 to 2000, local black grouse populations have steadily diminished in Manchuria and northeastern China by about 39%, with birds being most affected (and possibly extirpated) in the Jilin Province . Though the exact causes for local declines remain largely unclear, habitat loss and excess hunting have played a part in the overall reduction. Shifts in their location, however can happen concurrently with

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1696-552: The day, to further demonstrate their status as married women. Under the French Second Empire , parasols took the place of headgear for protection from sun, and bonnets became smaller and smaller, until they could only be held on the head with hatpins. As hats came back into style, bonnets were increasingly worn by women who wanted to appear modest in public, with the result that bonnets accumulated connotations of dowager wear and were dropped from fashion, except out on

1749-454: The depletion over decades, so short-term research projects may not provide much proof of driving forces behind population alterations. Based on historical info gathered from various sources (including wildlife surveys and scientific papers), aspen, birch, and poplar make up the black grouse's staple diet and habitat. The climate and precipitation during the month of June is also linked to the breeding success of black grouse. Black grouse have

1802-845: The design of cap worn in regimental colours with undress and in khaki with Service Dress at the start of the First World War ). When the Austrian-style side cap was revived in 1937 as the Universal Pattern Field Service Cap (used by the British Army in the Second World War ), the Dress Regulations for the Army, described it as "similar in shape to the Glengarry". The Glengarry continued to be worn in dark blue by all regiments of

1855-406: The entire front of the bonnet, from the chin over the forehead and down the other side of the face. Some styles of bonnets between ca 1817 and 1845 had a large peak which effectively prevented women from looking right or left without turning their heads: a coal-scuttle or poke bonnet. Others had a wide peak which was angled out to frame the face. In the 1840s it might be crimped at the top to frame

1908-421: The face in a heart shape. As the bonnet became more complicated, under it might be worn a lace cornette to hold the hair in place. The lack of a clear distinction between hats and bonnets can be seen in these extracts from Harper's Bazaar in 1874: (On "Paris Fashions", by Emmeline Raymond, 11 April) "There is no change in bonnets. So long as the hair is piled on top of the head, the little device which takes

1961-410: The forehead. It would be so very sensible to wear a bonnet that would protect the face from the sun that I give this news with due caution. For my part, I can not believe it, as little of practical, functional purpose remains in bonnet design." A week before, ("New York Fashions", 4 April): "Strings are now seldom seen, and this does away with the last distinguishing feature between bonnets and round hats;

2014-400: The head, or versions with very wide brims all the way round. In the mid-17th and 18th century house bonnets worn by women and girls were generally brimless headcoverings which were secured by tying under the chin, and which covered no part of the forehead. They were worn both indoors and outdoors, to keep the hair tidy, to keep dust or flour out of the hair while working, and in accordance with

2067-460: The late 19th century, bonnet was the dominant term used for female hats. In the 21st century, only a few specialized kinds of headgear are still called bonnets, most commonly those worn by babies and the feather bonnets of Scottish Highland regiments , as well as perhaps the war bonnets of North American Plains Indians . In addition, types of headgear called bonnets are worn by women as an outer Christian headcovering in some denominations such as

2120-485: The lek decide the overall healthiest male, though not all females may arrive at every lek. In western Europe, these leks seldom contain more than 40 birds; in Russia , 150 is not uncommon and 200 have been recorded. When mated successfully, she will fly away from the site to a suitable nesting site with an abundance of dense shrub or tall vegetation, often located at a tree base in between roots, under low branches, beside

2173-439: The most extreme of desert and polar regions. Although this species has declined throughout most of its range in western Europe , it is not considered to be vulnerable globally due to the large population (global estimate is 15–40 million individuals) and slow rate of decline. Its decline is due to loss of habitat , disturbance, predation by foxes , crows , etc., and small populations gradually dying out. The IUCN implemented

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2226-888: The other hand, the hen is much drabber and cryptically colored to blend in easily with the dense undergrowth, especially when nesting. The black grouse, along with the Caucasian grouse, has long outer rectrices (tail feathers) that curl outward and arranged in a way it resembles the frame of a Greek lyre , hence the genus name, Lyrurus . Black grouse can be found on open habitats across Europe (Swiss-Italian-French Alps especially) from Great Britain through Scandinavia , Estonia and across Russia . Although believed to once to live in Ireland, it now no longer resides there. In Eastern Europe they can be found in Hungary , Latvia , Lithuania , Poland , Belarus , Romania and Ukraine . There

2279-416: The period merely cocked into a more "fore-and-aft" shape. The first use of the classic, military glengarry may not have been until 1841, when it is said to have been introduced for the pipers of the 79th Foot by the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Lauderdale Maule. It was only in the 1850s that the Glengarry became characteristic undress headgear of the Scottish regiments of the British Army . By 1860,

2332-502: The place of a dress cap must remain as it is. The brims are generally flattened at the sides, swelling above the front, and turned up behind in order to make room for the hair, which would not find room whereon to lodge if the precaution were not taken, here and there, to punch out what is called a brim of what is called a bonnet. It is said, however, that straw hats of the Pamela shape are in preparation, that is, turned up behind, but shading

2385-531: The prairies or country wear. Most middle-class women in the 19th century would have had at least two bonnets, one suitable for summer weather, often made from straw, and one made from heavier fabric for winter wear. This is where the tradition of an Easter bonnet originated, when women would switch from their winter bonnet to their summer bonnet. Wealthier women would have many bonnets, suitable for different occasions. Women of some religious groups have continued to wear bonnets for worship or everyday clothing. This

2438-659: The projectiles thrown by pagans. Later versions were smaller when there was no longer any need for protection. The bonnet has now been replaced with a bowler hat . In France, single women wore elaborate yellow and green bonnets to honor St. Catherine's Day on November 25. The French expression coiffer Sainte-Catherine ('don St. Catherine's bonnet'), an idiom that describes an unmarried woman of 25 years or older, derives from this custom. Slave women shipped from Africa, who traditionally wore African head dress in their native countries, were given European styles of bonnets. Slaves working household tasks they were often given bonnets of

2491-663: The same head-covering now serves for each, as it is a bonnet when worn far back on the head, and a hat when tilted forward." Bonnets remained one of the most common types of headgear worn by women throughout most of the 19th century. Especially for a widow, a bonnet was de rigueur . Silk bonnets, elaborately pleated and ruched, were worn outdoors, or in public places like shops, galleries, churches, and during visits to acquaintances. Women would cover their heads with caps simply to keep their hair from getting dirty and perhaps out of modesty, as informed by Christian religious norms. In addition, women in wedlock would wear caps and bonnets during

2544-400: The side with the capbadge higher on the head. The trend since the end of the war has been to wear the Glengarry level on the head, with the point directly over the right eye. Bonnet (headgear)#Men Headgear tied under the chin with a string was especially likely to be called a bonnet. Other features associated with bonnets as opposed to hats was that the forehead was not covered, and

2597-639: The transitionary zones between forests and open clearings, especially steppe , heathland , grassland and pasture when near agricultural fields. Depending on the season, they will overwinter in large flocks in dense forests, and feed primarily on the leaves and buds of coniferous and broadleaf trees, such as Scots pine , Siberian larch , silver birch , and Eurasian aspen . Throughout the spring and summer, they tend to favor open spaces to seek potential mates and raise broods, switching their diet to berries, shoots and stems of cranberries , bog bilberries , myrtleberries , and other Vaccinium shrubs. They avoid

2650-467: The upper classes. A plate in La Belle Assemblée 1817 showed a Bonnet of vermillion-coloured satin, embossed with straw, ornamented slightly with straw-coloured ribbands (ribbons), and surmounted by a bouquet formed of a full blown damask rose and buds, with ears of ripe corn. This ornament is partially placed on one side: the edge of the bonnet finished by blond [lace] laid on strait. This

2703-555: The vertical at the front. Other types of bonnet might otherwise be called "caps", for example the Scottish blue bonnet worn by working-class men and women, a kind of large floppy beret . Bonnet derives from the same word in French , where it originally indicated a type of material. From the 18th century bonnet forms of headgear, previously mostly worn by elite women in informal contexts at home (as well as more generally by working women), became adopted by high fashion, and until at least

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2756-404: The widely worn blue bonnet , and now especially for military headgear, like the feather bonnet (not to be confused with those worn by Native Americans , for which bonnet was also used), Glengarry , Kilmarnock and Balmoral . The Tudor bonnet remains a term for a component of the academic regalia of some universities, and is not unlike the common male bonnet of the 16th century. Bonnet

2809-458: Was specified as a carriage dress , with the understanding that when "taking the air" in an open carriage, the bonnet provided some privacy—such a bonnet was called an invisible in Paris —and prevent wind-chapping, with its connotations of countrified "rude" health. Straw was available again after 1815: the best straw bonnets came from Leghorn . As a bonnet developed a peak, it would extend from

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