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Global Wrestling Federation

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Global Wrestling Federation was an American professional wrestling promotion based in Dallas , Texas. It started in June 1991 and folded in September 1994. At one time its shows were presented on the ESPN television network. Often the promotion provided programming five days a week, airing at 4 p.m. Eastern.

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47-481: The GWF was the last pro wrestling promotion to be seen on ESPN regularly. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the network began to emphasize talk shows in the mid-afternoon hours, supplanting pro wrestling. It was announced that ESPN Classic would start showing re-runs on August 5, 2013. Episodes are available on the WWE Network . Max Andrews and Joe Pedicino were the original GWF promoters. The kayfabe reason for

94-426: A " psychiatrist " for the wrestlers who was actually Dr. Allan Saxe , a political science professor at the nearby University of Texas at Arlington . One angle at that time included the world's first "Bungee" match in which Steven Dane wrestled against Chaz Taylor 150 feet in the air in a cage. The winner was Chaz Taylor who knocked Steven Dane out of the cage. After the match, "Maniac" Mike Davis attached himself to

141-675: A brief foray into a more news-style program in 1957 and then reverting that same year, it has remained a talk show. Ireland's The Late Late Show is the second-longest running talk show in television history, and the longest running talk show in Europe, having debuted in 1962. Steve Allen was the first host of The Tonight Show , which began as a local New York show, being picked up by the NBC network in 1954. It in turn had evolved from his late-night radio talk show in Los Angeles. Allen pioneered

188-831: A memorial tribute card was held at the Dallas Sportatorium, featuring many former World Class wrestlers, referees and other officials. In that card, the main event was the official last match between the Freebirds and the Von Erichs. Kevin Von Erich and Chris Adams (who wore Kerry's ring jacket in his memory) faced Michael Hayes and Buddy Roberts , with Skandor Akbar in Hayes and Roberts' corner, and Fritz Von Erich in Chris and Kevin's corner (his last appearance in

235-603: A memorial wrestling card was held in memory of Kerry Von Erich , who committed suicide on February 18. Von Erich was to have faced the Angel of Death, David Sheldon, that day. Instead, a memorial service was held at the Sportatorium prior to the matches, with former World Class announcer Marc Lowrance making a special appearance to pay his tributes to Kerry (Lowrance was the ring announcer who called Von Erich's NWA World title victory over Ric Flair in 1984). The following April,

282-503: A more universally appealing "interview" or "lifestyle TV" format. Talk shows have more recently started to appear on Internet radio. Also, several Internet blogs are in talk show format including the Baugh Experience. The current world record for the longest talk show is held by Rabi Lamichhane from Nepal by staying on air for 62 hours from April 11 to 13, 2013 breaking the previous record set by two Ukrainians by airing

329-582: A panel made up of different freelance comedians and celebrities each program, although the program is generally hosted by the same compere . Talk shows evolved in tandem with the Japanese variety show and it is very common for talk shows to borrow variety elements, typically by having celebrity guests attempt some kind of amusingly incongruous activity. Often, one of the guests will be a gaijin tarento (foreign talent) in order to provide comedy or to comment on matters related to Western culture. Comedic material

376-559: A professional wrestling match). The match ended with Kevin applying the claw on Roberts for the win, while Fritz applied the iron claw on Skandor Akbar. Adams meanwhile was ganged up by Hayes and Rod Price when David Sheldon came in to save Adams. Sid Vicious and Booker T also competed on the memorial card. The Ultimate Warrior , who competed in Dallas as The Dingo Warrior , was scheduled to wrestle, but no-showed. Bill Mercer , Marc Lowrance , David Manning and Bronco Lubich were among

423-428: A talk show entitled Small World in the late 1950s and since then, political TV talk shows have predominantly aired on Sunday mornings . Syndicated daily talk shows began to gain more popularity during the mid-1970s and reached their height of popularity with the rise of the tabloid talk show . Morning talk shows gradually replaced earlier forms of programming — there were a plethora of morning game shows during

470-587: A variety of sharp topics related to people's livelihoods, the state system, and power structures. The show was eventually taken off the air as a direct result of the last episode of "Approaching Homosexuality." In 2012, Dragon Television created a new high-end cultural, American-style talk show called Tonight 80's Talk Show ; it is hosted by the comedian Wang Zijian , showing young people's attitudes and thoughts on social hotspots, cultural events, and fashion trends. GWF North American Heavyweight Championship The GWF North American Heavyweight Championship

517-616: Is commonly written and rehearsed before tapings with or without a live audience . Korean and Taiwanese talk shows have used the panel format similar to Japanese programs and rely on famous celebrities and comedic banter than topics. Their programs often shorten interviews from lengthy tapings. Rabi Lamichhane from Nepal previously held the Guinness World Record for longest talk show, continuously broadcasting for 62 hours in April 2013. In Brazil , Jô Soares inaugurated

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564-600: The United States . Breakfast television is a staple of British television . The daytime talk format has become popular in Latin America as well as the United States. These genres also do not represent "generic" talk show genres. "Generic" genres are categorized based on the audiences' social views of talks shows derived through their cultural identities, fondness, preferences and character judgements of

611-669: The 1960s and early to mid-1970s, and some stations formerly showed a morning movie in the time slot that many talk shows now occupy. Current late night talk shows such as The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon , Conan and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert have aired featuring celebrity guests and comedy sketches. Syndicated daily talk shows range from tabloid talk shows , such as Jerry Springer and Maury , to celebrity interview shows, like Live with Kelly and Ryan , Tamron Hall , Sherri , Steve Wilkos , The Jennifer Hudson Show and The Kelly Clarkson Show , to industry leader The Oprah Winfrey Show , which popularized

658-495: The Dallas audience to see the matches live on Friday night and view them 24 hours later on the local Dallas station. The local attendance rose from a low of 94 people to a packed house of over 5,000 within 6 weeks. In 1992, the Global Wrestling Federation was sued by then World Wrestling Federation (WWF), because they felt the use of the word "Global" was too close to the word "World." In February 1993,

705-533: The GWF North American title twice, defeating King Parsons on December 25, 1993; then beating Rod Price on July 1, 1994, to regain the title he lost three months earlier to Price. It would be Adams' last championship glory, as he would never win another major title again. In 1994, however, the company would fold. Their last show aired on September 25. After the GWF folded, promoter Jim Crockett Jr. brought

752-463: The GWF paid tribute to Kerry again in a month-long series of past matches Kerry was involved in, including some from World Class. Chris Adams not only played big part in GWF he was also in WCCW as a performer and a trainer. His most known student now a WWE Hall of Famer Stone Cold Steve Austin. There was many others he trained over the years two in particular was a masked tag team that looked identical and

799-675: The Handsome Stranger ( Marcus Bagwell of WCW) and Cactus Jack . In late 1991, "Hot Stuff" Eddie Gilbert entered the promotion and took over much of the creative direction of the show introducing The Dark Patriot (an evil version of the Patriot played by his brother, Doug Gilbert ), John Hawk ( John Bradshaw Layfield ), Jerry Lynn , and the Winner Barry Horowitz (a character created by Gilbert and announcer Craig Johnson.) Booker T and Stevie Ray also wrestled in

846-495: The NWA back to the Sportatorium for a tenure lasting less than a year. After several other attempts to keep wrestling going, the Sportatorium was demolished in 2003. ESPN still holds the rights to the GWF library and airs episodes on ESPN Classic . The WWE Video Library also gained access to GWF content in 2013. Talk show A talk show is a television programming , radio programming or podcast genre structured around

893-413: The act of spontaneous conversation . A talk show is distinguished from other television programs by certain common attributes. In a talk show, one person (or group of people or guests) discusses various topics put forth by a talk show host . This discussion can be in the form of an interview or a simple conversation about important social, political or religious issues and events. The personality of

940-540: The belt and not being recognized as such by the GWF. In the wake of this temporary fold, the promotional rights to the GWF were purchased by Northstar Promotions, which was formed by Grey Pierson, Robert Keeler, and Wayne Whitworth. Soon after, many former World Class Championship Wrestling stars began appearing, including Chris Adams, Kerry Von Erich and Iceman Parsons, among others. Doyle King, David Webb, and other guest announcers (including former World Class announcers Bill Mercer and Marc Lowrance ) were brought in as

987-558: The bungee cord and was launched into the night sky. When he landed back on the ground, he claimed he had launched himself to the Moon and had returned to Earth with a "Moon rock." Another angle in which announcer David Webb, having "amnesia" following an attack by Manny Fernandez , believed that he was Elvis Presley (who performed at the Sportatorium in the late-1950s during the Big D Jamboree days). Another storyline involved Cecil Fielder , who

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1034-535: The day via different avenues. Beyond the inclusion of a host, a guest(s), and a studio or call-in audience, specific attributes of talk shows may be identified: There are several major formats of talk shows. Generally, each subgenre predominates during a specific programming block during the broadcast day. These formats are not absolute; some afternoon programs have similar structures to late-night talk shows. These formats may vary across different countries or markets. Late night talk shows are especially significant in

1081-466: The earliest days of the medium. Joe Franklin , an American radio and television personality, hosted the first television talk show. The show began in 1951 on WJZ-TV (later WABC-TV ) and moved to WOR-TV (later WWOR-TV ) from 1962 to 1993. NBC's The Tonight Show is the world's longest-running talk show; having debuted in 1954, it continues to this day. The show underwent some minor title changes until settling on its current title in 1962, and despite

1128-534: The federation centered mostly on Adams, who again ran his wrestling school and was working a feud with both Price and Iceman Parsons; as well as assist in booking various matches. During one 1993 match, Adams accidentally tore the hair weave off the hair of Price, resulting in stitches on his head. Chris' former second wife Toni Adams , whom he brought in to the storyline, was also involved, siding with Price and Parsons; and during one match, she attempted to rub Freebird Hair Cream into Chris' eyes. The former couple also

1175-421: The format of late night network TV talk shows, originating such talk show staples as an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, and comedy bits in which cameras were taken outside the studio, as well as music, although the series' popularity was cemented by second host Jack Paar , who took over after Allen had left and the show had ceased to exist. TV news pioneer Edward R. Murrow hosted

1222-421: The former genre and has been evolving towards the latter. On November 10, 2010, Oprah Winfrey invited several of the most prominent American talk show hosts - Phil Donahue , Sally Jessy Raphael , Geraldo Rivera , Ricki Lake , and Montel Williams - to join her as guests on her show. The 1990s in particular saw a spike in the number of "tabloid" talk shows, most of which were short-lived and are now replaced by

1269-401: The four main television stations. Due to language and cultural differences, Japanese TV stations could not freely use syndicated programs (mostly from Europe and North America) and therefore turned to panel shows , which could be produced cheaply and easily, to fill time during daytime programming. Japanese panel shows are distinct in generally not employing regular panelists but instead having

1316-432: The genre with Jô Soares Onze e Meia ("Jô Soares Eleven Thirty") from 1988 to 1999 on SBT . In 2000, Soares took his show's format to TV Globo , where it was then called Programa do Jô , and was broadcast until 2016. Jô's main competitors at the time were Danilo Gentili and Fábio Porchat . In 1999, Speak Up , hosted by Ma Dong , son of the famous Chinese comedian Ma Ji , was born as an early talk show "chatting" about

1363-402: The host shapes the tone and style of the show. A common feature or unwritten rule of talk shows is to be based on "fresh talk", which is talk that is spontaneous or has the appearance of spontaneity. The history of the talk show spans back from the 1950s to the present. Talk shows can also have several different subgenres, which all have unique material and can air at different times of

1410-792: The interaction of viewers created difficult moments and awkward silences to hosts who usually used audience responses to transition conversations. Tetsuko's Room ( 徹子の部屋 , Tetsuko no Heya ) is a talk show hosted by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi and broadcast on TV Asahi from February 2, 1976, every Monday to Friday from 13:00 to 13:30 ( JST ). It is a long-lived program, and as of 2022, it has been broadcast for 47 years and more than 11,000 times, repeatedly winning Guinness World Records . Other talk shows include Nichiyō Tōron (1994 onwards), Ametalk! (2003 onwards) and Takeda Tetsuya no Shōwa wa kagayaiteita (2013 onwards). In Japan , panel shows called tōku bangumi (トーク番組) are very commonplace, accounting for about 30% of daytime and prime-time programming on

1457-522: The many WCCW officials and personalities who appeared on the memorial card. Manning officiated Kerry's 1984 NWA World title-clinching match against Ric Flair at Texas Stadium nearly 9 years earlier. Proceeds of this card went to a trust fund established for Kerry's daughters Hollie Adkisson and Lacey Adkisson (who is now a model and third-generation pro wrestler known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ). In 1994,

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1504-528: The only subject of American talk shows, however. Other radio talk show subjects include Car Talk hosted by NPR and Coast to Coast AM hosted by Art Bell and George Noory which discusses topics of the paranormal , conspiracy theories , and fringe science . Sports talk shows are also very popular ranging from high-budget shows like The Best Damn Sports Show Period to Max Kellerman 's original public-access television cable TV show Max on Boxing . Talk shows have been broadcast on television since

1551-590: The promotion as did the Lightning Kid (later known as the 1-2-3 Kid, Syxx, and X-Pac in WCW and WWE) The GWF began airing weekly shows in the local Dallas and Fort Worth metroplex television market from the Dallas Sportatorium , which was billed for a short time as The GlobalDome . Although their main weekly show's name was Major League Wrestling (not to be confused with the future promotion of

1598-595: The promotion creation established on the first episode of GWF of ESPN noted that the promotion was the USWA becoming “globalized” putting over talent such as the British Axl Rotten and Rasta the “Voodoo Man.” The organization was a mix of established names and newcomers, many of whom would launch their national careers after appearances on the daily ESPN show. The original stars included the Patriot ( Del Wilkes ), Scott Levy ( Raven of ECW , WCW , WWE and TNA ),

1645-458: The same name ), as it was often referred to as, the GWF had also used other names for it, such as Supercard (also used by the USWA at one point) and Main Events . The promotion's announcers were Jon Horton (as Craig Johnson), Scott Hudson, Steven Prazak (as "Steven DeTruth"), and Joe Pedicino, with Boni Blackstone as ringside interviewer. Scott Hudson left the announcer's table and in his place

1692-603: The show became more of a theatrical presentation. Mercer, a veteran of Sportatorium wrestling since the 1950s, hosted a weekly segment on many memorable events that took place in the venerable Dallas arena. In late 1991, shortly after the Bungee Match, Keeler and Whitworth left Northstar and Pierson took the reins. The local television shows boasted that it was also being aired over a fictitious global television network as Northstar introduced many interesting and bizarre characters. In one of its more interesting angles, GWF hired

1739-399: The show for 52 hours in 2011. In 2020, the fear of the spread of the coronavirus led to large changes in the operation of talk shows, with many being filmed without live audiences to ensure adherence to the rules of social distancing . The inclusion of a live, participating audience is one of the attributes that contribute to the defining characteristics of talk shows. Operating without

1786-781: The sport. Following a massive cutback of budget, Pedicino and Johnson left the promotion. Due to a pay dispute, booker Eddie Gilbert and his brother Doug (working under a mask as the Dark Patriot), left the GWF in 1992. Eddie Gilbert took with him the GWF North American Heavyweight Championship belt. He made a few defenses of the title in the United States Wrestling Association as the GWF World Heavyweight champion, despite being stripped of

1833-450: The stable disbanded. The original GWF was notable for many of its wrestling broadcast innovations, most importantly, the acknowledgement of other promotions within the broadcast (including past promotions such as World Class Championship Wrestling). Competitors' former championships were mentioned, as were departures of wrestlers to other promotions. The promotion also aired behind-the-scenes footage and news segments with features from around

1880-487: The subgenres, a further distinction of genres would better represent and target the audience. Talk-radio host Howard Stern also hosted a talk show that was syndicated nationally in the US, then moved to satellite radio's Sirius . The tabloid talk show genre, pioneered by Phil Donahue in 1967 but popularized by Oprah Winfrey , was extremely popular during the last two decades of the 20th century. Politics are hardly

1927-522: The talk shows in question. The subgenres listed above are based on television programming and broadly defined based on the TV guide rather than on the more specific categorizations of talk show viewers. However, there is a lack of research on "generic" genres, making it difficult to list them here. According to Mittell, "generic" genres is of significant importance in further identifying talk show genres because with such differentiation in cultural preferences within

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1974-508: The top baby-faces at the time in Steve Simpson , Chris Walker and the Patriot . They never won any titles but their presence was always felt at each event. Rogers was the spokesperson for the group and did most of their interviews, but Foley and Levy were allowed to shine occasionally on the mic. They talked of having a "boss" but would not name him. After a few months of this, they named the boss as GWF Commissioner Max Andrews and then

2021-419: Was "The Expert" Bruce Prichard (Brother Love of WWF/WWE). In one storyline, Prichard and Horton argued in an expletive filled exchange only to reveal that Prichard was orchestrating many of the nefarious activities of the heels. The Cartel was the first stable formed in the GWF and was the top heel stable in 1991. It consisted of Cactus Jack , Scotty Anthony , Rip Rogers and Makhan Singh . They feuded with

2068-447: Was billed as the first two sport athlete in baseball and wrestling. He didn't wrestle, he was "observing" other wrestlers. The GWF was shown weekdays on ESPN as well as a one-hour weekly syndicated show presented in 130 markets. One of the main reasons Northstar was successful was the separately edited and broadcast weekly syndicated show for the Dallas market which eliminated the two-week lag time between taping and airing. This allowed

2115-400: Was only known as Unknown Wrestler 1 & 2. One of the two was hurt in the ring ending his wrestling career late in 91 and the other quit not long after never revealing their identities. Chris had commented about the injured wrestler, saying that it's a great loss to the wrestling world, and that the young man had more heart and love for the business than he as seen in a long time. Afterwards,

2162-567: Was the major title in the Global Wrestling Federation in Texas . The title existed from 1991 until 1994, when GWF closed. The title was featured on the promotion's show that aired nationally on ESPN . The GWF North American Heavyweight Championship Tournament was a twenty-four man tournament for the inaugural GWF North American Heavyweight Championship held on August 9 and August 10, 1991. The Patriot defeated Al Perez in

2209-516: Was wrestling in Memphis' United States Wrestling Association promotion, where Toni was billed as Nanny Simpson. Chris and Toni's son Chris Jr., then about 5, also made a few appearances in the ring. A renewed feud between Adams and Jimmy Garvin took place, but the closing of the GWF on September 21, 1994, ended any prospects of a long angle between the two former rivals, and Garvin retired shortly thereafter. Despite all of these angles, Adams won

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