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23-736: The Great North Wood was a natural oak woodland that started three miles (4.8 km) south-east of central London and scaled the Norwood Ridge . At its full extent, the wood's boundaries stretched almost as far as Croydon and as far north as Camberwell . It had occasional landownings as large clearings, well-established by the Middle Ages such as the hamlets of Penge and Dulwich . Twenty small fragments or re-plantations remain including Dulwich Wood , Sydenham Hill Wood , Biggin Wood and Beaulieu Heights . Many placenames refer to

46-977: A Living Landscape project based around the Great North Wood. The project aims to raise awareness of this largely forgotten woodland and to encourage residents to explore, enjoy and value the natural wealth on their doorsteps. Further funding was awarded and the project was extended until March 2023. The Trust have selected 13 woods where they are carrying out habitat improvement works: New Cross Gate Cutting , One Tree Hill , Dulwich Wood , Sydenham Hill Wood , Hillcrest Wood , Crystal Palace Park , Streatham Common , Convent Wood , Biggin Wood , Spa Wood (The Lawns) , Beaulieu Heights , Grangewood Park and Long Lane Wood . Additional sites include South Norwood Country Park , Upper Norwood Recreation Ground, Stambourne Woodland Walk, Devonshire Road and Garthorne Road Nature Reserves, Buckthorne Road and Darces Wood LNR, Unigate Wood LNR. Oak woodland From Misplaced Pages,

69-892: A diverse understory. The community is fire-dependent, shaped by annual, low-intensity fires. Cork oak ( Quercus suber ) woodlands in the Mediterranean region . Blue oak woodland is found in the inner coast ranges and the Sierra Nevada foothills in California , surrounding the Central Valley . They form what some refer to as a bathtub ring. Primary species are blue oak ( Q. douglasii ) and interior live oak ( Q. wizlizeni ), with gray pine ( Pinus sabiniana ), California buckeye ( Aesculus californica ), and western redbud ( Cercis occidentalis ). Blue oak woodlands cover about 2,939,000 acres (11,890 km ) of

92-596: A hermit known as "Matthews the hairyman" lived in the wood in a cave or "excavated residence" within the woods. Mischief Acts by Zoe Gilbert, a cycle of short stories and poems melding the story of the wood with that of Herne the Hunter , was published in 2021. In 2017 the London Wildlife Trust secured funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund for a four-year project to develop plans for

115-701: A series of sumptuously illustrated manuscript surveys of the estates of the then Earl of Kildare . In 1756, he published the first detailed printed map of Dublin, the 4-sheet Exact Survey of Dublin (officially entitled An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales - 1756 ). A detail from this map later featured on

138-463: Is made." Ancient oak trees were kept to mark the boundaries between parishes. The most notable of these trees was the Vicar's Oak that marked the boundary of four ancient parishes: Lambeth , Camberwell , Croydon and a detached portion of Battersea parish: the manor and hamlet of Penge . The site is now the junction of Westow Hill and Anerley Hill at Crystal Palace Park and is the quadripoint of

161-489: Is on Wikidata John Rocque John Rocque (originally Jean; c.  1704 –1762) was a French-born British surveyor and cartographer , best known for his detailed map of London published in 1746. Rocque was born in France in about 1704, one of four children of a Huguenot family who subsequently fled first to Geneva , and then, probably in 1709, to England. He became a godfather in 1728, which suggests he

184-490: The Metropolitan Tabernacle or Spurgeon's College . By 1745, John Rocque 's map of London and its environs showed the woodland to be only 3 miles (4.8 km) wide, turned over to agricultural common land at Croydon , Penge , Streatham , Knight's Hill, Dulwich and Westwood. Private landowners cleared much of the surviving woodland such as in the south under the 1797 Croydon Inclosure Act and in

207-960: The Wayback Machine ^ Christensen, Glenn A.; Campbell, Sally J.; Fried, Jeremy S. (2008). "California's forest resources, 2001–2005: five-year Forest Inventory and Analysis report" . United States Forest Service , Pacific Northwest Research Station: 40–46. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-763. {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oak_woodland&oldid=1167568079 " Categories : Forest ecology Quercus Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors: missing periodical Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023 Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019 Commons category link

230-418: The Great North Wood. Today's suburban placenames that contain the contraction Norwood include South Norwood , Upper Norwood and West Norwood (known as Lower Norwood until 1885). Other settlements that reflect the area's woodland past are Woodside , Forest Hill , Honor Oak and Penge, which is from Celtic penceat , meaning "edge of wood" ( modern Welsh Pencoed ). The earliest surviving mention of

253-461: The Gypsies at Lambeth, and have their fortunes told; but what they did, I did not enquire." An encampment was recorded continuously there until broken up by police during the first enclosures. In 1722, Daniel Defoe wrote of a "country being more open and more woody than any other part so near London, especially about Norwood, the parishes of Camberwell , Dullege and Luseme ". As late as 1802,

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276-546: The Irish Series B ten pound banknote (1976–1993). Rocque also covered the hinterland of Dublin in A Survey of the City Harbour Bay and Environs of Dublin , published in four sheets in 1758. These extended as far as Skerries and Cardy Rocks to the north, Carton House to the west, Blessington to the south-west and Enniskerry to the south. Rocque married twice. His widow, Mary Ann Rocque , continued

299-521: The boroughs of Lambeth , Southwark , Croydon and Bromley . John Aubrey referred to this "ancient remarkable tree" in the past tense as early as 1718, but according to JB Wilson, the Vicar's Oak survived until 1825. Another oak tree that survived the depredations of the shipbuilders was the Question Oak at Westwood, Charles Spurgeon 's mansion, under which he challenged his students to query theological matters. Its role should not be confused with

322-581: The centre-west on sale of the late Lord Thurlow 's estates in 1806. Other recreational activities, such as the pleasure gardens at Knight's Hill and the Spa on Beulah Hill, succumbed to the housebuilding boom of the Victorian era , eclipsed by The Crystal Palace , the park of which hosts a major UK athletics ground. On 11 August 1668, Samuel Pepys wrote of visiting fortune tellers in these woods "This afternoon my wife and Mercer and Deb went with Pelting to see

345-549: The commons and pastureland were used for grazing and as a source of turf and firewood . Oak standards would have yielded timber for ship construction at the Royal Dockyard at Deptford , established in 1513, whilst the oak bark was taken to Bermondsey for leather making. Here it was boiled to extract tannins for use in the tanning process. Oak and hornbeam were coppiced every 10–20 years to provide wood for charcoal. The charcoal burning took place in conical kilns in

368-448: The dominance of oak trees, the understory vegetation is often diverse and includes many species of grasses, sedges, forbs, ferns, shrubs, and other plants. Examples [ edit ] Upper Midwestern United States oak woodlands dominated by white oak ( Quercus alba ), burr oak ( Q. macrocarpa ), and black oak ( Q. velutina ), with subdominant canopy species red oak ( Q. rubra ) and shagbark hickory ( Carya ovata ), with

391-459: The 💕 Plant community dominated by oaks [REDACTED] Oak woodland in Lake County, Illinois An oak woodland is a plant community with a tree canopy dominated by oaks ( Quercus spp. ). In terms of canopy closure , oak woodlands are intermediate between oak savanna , which is more open, and oak forest , which is more closed. Although the community is named for

414-644: The gardens at Wrest Park (1735), Claremont (1738), Charles Hamilton's naturalistic landscape garden at Painshill Park , Surrey (1744), Wanstead House (1745) and Wilton House (1746). Rocque is now remembered principally for his Map of London . He began work on this in 1737 and it was published in 24 printed sheets in 1746. It was by far the most detailed map of London published up to that time and remains an important historical resource. The map of London and his other maps brought him an appointment as cartographer to Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1751. A fire in 1750 destroyed his premises and stock, but by 1753, he

437-1359: The state of California, and of this area about 79%, or 2,322,000 acres (9,400 km ), shows no evidence of past cutting of trees. In California's mediterranean climate oak woodlands exist between 60 and 700 meters in elevation. There are three main geographic regions for oak woodlands in California. North of the Central Valley, Central Valley Foothills and Coastal Range, and South of the Central Valley. California Valley oak woodland holds valley oak ( Quercus lobata ), California sycamore ( Platanus racemosa ), black walnut ( Juglans nigra ), California boxelder, and Fremont cottonwood ( Populus fremontii ). This woodland can be found between 500 and 1700 meters above sea level. The soils are deep and made from alluvium. References [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oak woodlands . ^ "Oak Woodland - Wisconsin DNR" . dnr.wi.gov . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . Retrieved 2018-09-22 . ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Blue Oak: Quercus douglasii , GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Archived 2012-02-28 at

460-597: The wood dates from assize records in 1272, and it was known to be owned by the Whitehorse family during the reign of King Edward III . When Oliver Cromwell seized it from the Archbishop of Canterbury its area was measured at 830 acres (3.4 km), but it held only 9,200 oaken pollards . Since the Middle Ages the woodland has been managed to provide goods of economic worth. The coppices were used to provide timber , charcoal , oak bark , and small wood whilst

483-421: The wood, overseen by colliers, who then traded their products in markets. The charcoal was the primary fuel for bakeries and cookhouses for hundreds of years as King Edward I banned the use of coal from the north-east of England because it produced too much smoke. In 1870, the antiquary Andrew Ducarel noted that "the town [of Croydon ] is surrounded with hills well covered with wood, whereof great store of charcoal

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506-420: Was at least twenty-one years old by that time. In addition to his work as a surveyor and mapmaker, Rocque was an engraver and map seller. He was also involved in some way in gardening as a young man, living with his brother Bartholomew, who was a landscape gardener, and producing plans for parterres , perhaps recording pre-existing designs, but few details of this work are known. Rocque produced engraved plans of

529-629: Was employing ten draughtsmen, and The Small British Atlas: Being a New set of Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales appeared. There was a second edition in 1762. He also surveyed and published maps of Middlesex, Oxford, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire in 1760. Rocque spent six years in Dublin (1754–60), where he produced a number of maps of the Irish capital, as well as county maps of Dublin and Armagh , city maps of Kilkenny and Cork , and

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