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32-529: The company was acquired by Georgia-Pacific Corporation in 1990. Its name was revived in 2011 when private equity firm Cate Street Capital acquired Great Northern's original Maine mills. The company got its start when the Maine legislature authorized Charles W. Mullen to form a water power company on the West Branch Penobscot River . Mullen had observed the 110-foot (34 m) drop of

64-513: A Torrefaction wood operation, under the name of its subsidiary Thermogen Industries. In 2014 the over-100-year-old paper mill was forced to close down its operations. Originally the company and workers were hopeful that the closure would be temporary. However, when the company sent out notices under the WARN Act (Workers Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act) to its workers in August, 2014,

96-561: A kraft pulp and linerboard mill at Toledo, Oregon . This was the only pulp and paper mill that the company ever built. The company continued to make a series of acquisitions, including US Plywood in 1987, Great Northern Nekoosa in 1990, and the Fort James Corporation in 2000. The Fort James Corporation was the result of a series of mergers of enterprises that included the Fort Howard Corporation ,

128-652: Is also involved in several remediation sites , many of which were landfills used by other manufacturers, municipalities and other businesses, and individuals. Two of the primary remediation sites - the Fox River in Wisconsin and Kalamazoo River in Michigan - involve the cleanup of PCBs . Georgia Pacific is contributing to dam removal work as part of an effort to clean up PCB contamination in Kalamazoo. In 2007,

160-456: Is the largest user of de-ink fiber in the world, and its subsidiary company GP Harmon trades in the recycled material. The company has expanded into other markets in countries like Mexico and China. In 2005, president of the division Simon Davies estimated that China would require the import of scrap paper from the US and elsewhere for at least 15 years. In the long run, he asserted, the growth of

192-527: The Chinese middle class would be correlated with a large increase in paper production, and having viable paper recovery systems in place would be of great value to them. The Georgia-Pacific Paper Mill in Crossett, Arkansas was the subject of environmental documentary film Company Town , released in 2016. The film alleges that improper waste disposal by the mill has caused a cluster of cancer incidents in

224-525: The James River Corporation and Crown-Zellerbach . In August 2001, Georgia-Pacific completed the sale of four un-coated paper mills and their associated businesses and assets to Canadian papermaker Domtar for US$ 1.65 billion . It was announced on November 13, 2005 that Georgia-Pacific would be acquired by Koch Industries . On December 23, 2005, Koch Industries finalized the $ 21 billion acquisition of Georgia-Pacific. Georgia-Pacific

256-648: The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee to approve an amendment that derailed a pending E.P.A. investigation of Weyerhaeuser Company , Louisiana-Pacific Corporation , and Georgia-Pacific, arguing that the E.P.A. was "unfairly applying present-day standards to decisions made 10 to 15 years ago", and that the E.P.A. test method overstated the emissions from wood products factories. Georgia-Pacific's opponents believed "the measure could allow Georgia-Pacific avoid installing pollution gear at many of its plants." Engelberg wrote, "Nonetheless, [Georgia-Pacific] said they would install controls at plants that need them." Georgia-Pacific

288-516: The $ 31.8 million loan nor the $ 8.2 million equity investment was used to pay for improvements to the mill. On January 12, 2017, Our Katahdin, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization based in the Katahdin region, purchased all remaining former Great Northern Paper Company assets in Millinocket through the sale of two subsidiaries of Cate Street Capital, GNP West and GNP Holding II. On July 21, 2020,

320-711: The EPA announced legal agreements among itself, Michigan , Georgia-Pacific, and Millennium Holdings (a corporate successor of the Allied Paper Corporation ) requiring the companies to clean up an estimated $ 21,000,000 worth of environmental damage to the Plainwell Impoundment Area. Another settlement required an additional $ 15,000,000 of environmental work on the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site . Georgia-Pacific

352-909: The Great Northern Paper Company merged with the Nekoosa-Edwards Paper Company in Port Edwards, Wisconsin , and was renamed the Great Northern Nekoosa Corporation . New mills were built in Arkansas and Mississippi . In 1971, the company completed construction of the 97-mile Golden Road in Maine that paralleled the West Branch of the Penobscot River from Quebec to its mill at Millinocket. It ended

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384-1063: The West Branch Penobscot River at Grand Falls in 1891 while surveying a route for the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad . He later worked with Garret Schenck, part owner of the Rumford Falls Paper Company, to build a paper mill in Millinocket , Penobscot County , Maine on the river. Schenck formed the Northern Development Company in 1897. The Millinocket plant produced its first roll of newsprint on 9 November 1900. A second mill in Madison opened in 1906. A third one opened in East Millinocket in 1907, which also had its own dam and hydroelectric facility. Financiers of

416-425: The area around the mill. In 2009, the EPA awarded Koch subsidiary Georgia-Pacific its SmartWay Excellence award, "an innovative collaboration between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the freight industry designed to increase energy efficiency while significantly reducing air pollution," and specifically commended Georgia-Pacific. The award states: In, 2008, 93 percent of Georgia-Pacific's freight

448-628: The associated facility at Earlton, Ontario , as well as its OSB facilities at Clarendon and Allendale, South Carolina , for approximately $ 400 million. The transaction closed in July 2013, following Canadian regulatory review and US court approval under the Hart–Scott–Rodino merger review process . On June 19, 2014, Georgia-Pacific announced it will acquire SPG Holdings. In 2018, Georgia-Pacific's facilities in Taylorsville, Mississippi were

480-586: The closure could only be understood as permanent. At the time of the bankruptcy Great Northern listed over 1,000 creditors in its filing. An investigation done by the Maine Sunday Telegram uncovered that a majority of the $ 40 million investment in the Great Northern Paper mill was "returned the same day to investors." The investors are receiving $ 16 million from Maine's General Fund over seven years. The research showed that neither

512-512: The corporation included Oliver Payne and William Collins Whitney . When the Millinocket Mill opened it was the world's largest paper mill , producing 240 tons/day of newsprint, 120 tons/day of sulfite pulp, and 240 tons/day of groundwood pulp. It was the first paper mill to have an electrical generation and distribution facility built into the plant. The company's innovations included a pulpwood grinding machine still known throughout

544-557: The land to the state, for what became the present-day Baxter State Park . In the 1940s its timber holdings increased to more than 2 million acres and its workforce was supplemented during World War II by a prisoner of war camp at Seboomook Farm near Moosehead Lake . In 1962, the Great Northern Paper Company expanded to Jakin, Georgia , where it formed a subsidiary named the Great Southern Land and Paper Company . It produced linerboard and corrugating medium. In 1970,

576-524: The mid-20th century, Great Northern acquired and began construction on various smaller boats to use on inland rivers and lakes. These boats were intended to lower the cost of the increasingly-unpopular Penobscot River log drives . In the 1910s Great Northern built the Ripogenus Dam and power plant on the West Branch of the Penobscot River. Construction of a thermal power plant in 1958 raised

608-412: The mill was called upon to supply the paper needed to produce the popular trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey . The mill's output that year was 3,000 tons of paper, mostly for the three-part novel, which was printed on Great Northern's Baxter Brite paper. In 2013 Cate Street Capital announced plans to tear down virtually all the mill buildings at the Millinocket plant, and replace them with structures to operate

640-626: The name of Katahdin Paper Company LLC. In 2003 Brookfield Asset Management bought the mills after the company filed for bankruptcy. That company continued its decline, laying off workers in 2008. In 2011 the Katahdin Paper Company LLC holdings in Maine were acquired by Cate Street Capital of Portsmouth, New Hampshire . They revived the Great Northern Paper name. The mill at East Millinocket was launched again although with diminished output. The purchase by Cate Street

672-438: The paper industry as Great Northern grinders . Entering the 20th century, Great Northern had a fleet of four coastal-water steam ships - as well as many small barges - it used to transport logs, pulp, and paper from Searsport, Maine , to New York and its surrounding harbors, and transport coal and sulfur back to Maine. These ships were used for several decades before their age and increased cost made them obsolete. Beginning in

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704-542: The practice of floating logs down the river via log driving , and instead shipped them by truck. In 1989, Georgia-Pacific launched a hostile takeover of the company which closed in 1990 for $ 3.8 billion. Georgia-Pacific in turn sold the Maine holdings to Bowater in 1991. In 1999, Inexcon, a Canadian company, acquired the Maine holdings. The Inexcon holdings in Maine went into bankruptcy in 2002. They were acquired by Brascan Corporation in April 2003 and operated under

736-663: The site of a two-week labor strike . Georgia-Pacific operates under many different brand names. Discontinued brands include Soft n' Gentle (toilet paper), Zee (napkins and paper towels), and Mardi Gras (napkins and paper towels). The toilet paper and paper towel brands are sold in different price segments, with the Angel Soft and Sparkle brands being more value-priced and the Quilted Northern and Brawny brands being premium offerings. Stephen Engelberg of The New York Times wrote that in 1995, Georgia-Pacific persuaded

768-468: The summer of 2008, Georgia Pacific held a fuel conservation summit to explore ways for shippers and carriers to work together to further reduce fuel consumption from its freight transport operations. The Georgia-Pacific Foundation Scholarship Program for Employees' Children has awarded nearly $ 10.5 million in college scholarships to children of the company's employees between 1988 and 2013. Log driving Too Many Requests If you report this error to

800-638: The total generating capacity of the Millinocket mill complex to 200,000 horsepower (150,000 kW). High-pressure steam generated by burning waste bark was routed first through generator turbines, and the low-pressure exhaust steam was then used to dry the paper. Mid-20th-century paper production of 1,000 tonnes per day was sold to 250 newspapers east of the Mississippi River . In 1930 the company sold 6,000 acres (24 km) around Maine's highest point, Mount Katahdin , for $ 25,000 to former Maine Governor Percival Proctor Baxter . In turn Baxter donated

832-460: The town of East Millinocket purchased the Great Northern Paper site for $ 1.45 million, and on February 10, 2021, a portion of the mill site was leased out to Standard Biocarbon Corp. to build a pyrolysis facility to convert low-grade biomass into biocarbon. Georgia-Pacific Corporation Georgia-Pacific LLC is an American pulp and paper company based in Atlanta , Georgia , and is one of

864-545: The world's largest manufacturers and distributors of tissue , pulp , paper , toilet and paper towel dispensers, packaging, building products and related chemicals , and other forest products—largely made from its own timber . Since 2005, it has been an independently operated and managed subsidiary of Koch Industries . As of fall 2019, the company employed more than 35,000 people at more than 180 locations in North America, South America and Europe. Georgia-Pacific

896-415: The years it expanded, adding sawmills and plywood plants. The company acquired its first West Coast facility in 1947 and changed its name to Georgia-Pacific Plywood & Lumber Company in 1948. In 1956, the company changed its name to Georgia-Pacific Corporation. In 1957—led by new president Robert B. Pamplin (who would lead for two decades) —the company entered the pulp and paper business by building

928-674: Was founded by Owen Robertson Cheatham on September 22, 1927 in Augusta, Georgia , as the Georgia Hardwood Lumber Co. He started the company through the acquisition of a wholesale hardwood lumber yard. The nascent company encountered difficulties two years after its incorporation as the United States fell into the Great Depression . Due to slow demand, the company only had five employees in 1934. Over

960-827: Was hauled by SmartWay Transport Partners, an increase of 47 percent over the previous year. Of the 145 carriers Georgia-Pacific uses, 104 were SmartWay carriers, an increase of 33 percent over 2007. In 2008, Georgia-Pacific experienced tremendous growth in its intermodal shipping. Georgia-Pacific was able to work with its customers to increase lead-time and create more intermodal freight shipments without significantly impacting customer's needs, thus increasing intermodal loads by 39 percent in 2008 as compared to 2007. Georgia-Pacific uses advanced software to pack loads more efficiently and increase cube utilization in its trailers. The company also reduced empty loads by 10 percent, increased utilization of local fleets, and established an idling reduction policy in place at its 12 distribution centers. In

992-660: Was removed from the NYSE (it had traded under the symbol GP ) and shareholders surrendered their shares for about $ 48 per share. The Georgia-Pacific Tower in Atlanta continues to house the company's headquarters. The Crown Zellerbach Building was built as the headquarters of Crown Zellerbach in San Francisco in 1959. On January 11, 2010, Georgia-Pacific signed an agreement to acquire Grant Forest Products' oriented strand board ("OSB") facility at Englehart, Ontario and

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1024-530: Was seen as a positive alternative to the closing of the mill at a time when the region was experiencing 22% unemployment. The Millinocket mill was never reopened, but for a while it seemed that the East Millinocket mill could improve its financial status. Within the year of the Cate Street purchase and the reopening of the East Millinocket mill over 250 people had been hired. Just one year later

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