ISO 15919 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters ) is an international standard for the romanization of Brahmic and Nastaliq scripts. Published in 2001, it is part of a series of international standards by the International Organization for Standardization .
14-415: Mumbai Metropolitan Region ( ISO : Muṁbaī Mahānagara Pradēśa ; abbreviated to MMR and previously also known as Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area ), is a metropolitan area consisting of Mumbai and its satellite towns in the northern Konkan division of Maharashtra in western India . The region has an area of 6,328 square kilometres (2,443 sq mi) and with a population of over 26 million it
28-426: A narrower body, smaller counters , much tighter letter spacing, and a more complete Unicode character set. Carter first designed Tahoma as a bitmap font , then "carefully wrapped" TrueType outlines around those bitmaps. Carter based the bold weight on a double pixel width, rendering it closer to a heavy or black weight. In contrast with some other sans-serif typefaces, including Arial , the uppercase " I " (eye)
42-773: A result of rapid urbanisation. Villages along the NH 3 in Bhiwandi are examples of haphazard developments in the MMR, with some of the largest warehousing areas in India. Government agencies such as the Town Planner and Collector of Thane have had challenges in addressing unorganised development. In 2022, Mumbai MMR had nominal GDP of ₹13.367 trillion. 18°58′00″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9667°N 72.8333°E / 18.9667; 72.8333 ISO 15919 ISO 15919
56-515: Is among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of nine municipal corporations and eight smaller municipal councils. The entire area is overseen by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), a state-owned organisation in charge of town planning, development, transportation and housing in the region. The MMRDA
70-645: Is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN),
84-447: Is distinguishable from lowercase " l " (ell), which is especially important in technical publications. Since 2010, Ascender Corporation has offered italic and small caps versions of Tahoma. Tahoma is often compared with Frutiger , another humanist sans-serif typeface. In an interview by Daniel Will-Harris, Carter acknowledged that Tahoma has some similarities with his earlier Bell Centennial typeface. The Tahoma typeface family
98-470: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Tahoma (typeface) Tahoma is a humanist sans-serif typeface that Matthew Carter designed for Microsoft Corporation . Microsoft first distributed it, along with Carter's Verdana , as a computer font with Office 97 . While similar to Verdana , Tahoma has
112-469: Is still widely in use as a standard in multiple applications and programming environments. For example, a new Delphi VCL application uses Tahoma as its default font. The Wine project includes the free and open-source fonts Wine Tahoma Regular and Wine Tahoma Bold released under GNU Lesser General Public License designed to have identical metrics to the Tahoma font. This was done because Tahoma
126-401: The transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in
140-643: The table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There
154-460: Was also used for Skype and Sega 's Dreamcast packaging and promotional material. Bundled in the font library of Windows, the typeface was widely used as an alternative to Arial . In 2007, Apple announced that Tahoma would be bundled with the next version of Mac OS X v10.5 ("Leopard"). Leopard also shipped with several other previously Microsoft-only fonts, including Microsoft Sans Serif , Arial Unicode , and Wingdings . As of 2016, Tahoma
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#1732797913558168-666: Was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for
182-477: Was formed to address challenges in planning and development of integrated infrastructure for the metropolitan region.The areas outside Brihanmumbai (Greater Mumbai) and Navi Mumbai have lacked organised development. Navi Mumbai, developed as one of the largest planned cities in the world, was promoted by a state government-owned company, City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO). The region has had problems related to haphazard and illegal development as
196-586: Was named after the Native American name for the stratovolcano Mount Rainier (Mount Tahoma), which is a prominent feature of the southern landscape around the Seattle metropolitan area. Tahoma was an official font supplied with Office 97 , Office 2000 , and Office XP , and was freely distributed with Word Viewer 97. Tahoma was the default screen font used by Windows 2000 , Windows XP , and Windows Server 2003 (replacing MS Sans Serif ) and
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