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19-454: Economist Intelligence Unit identified Chang-Zhu-Tan as one of China's 13 megalopolises in its 2012 report "Supersized Cities", with an estimated 2010 population of 8.3 million and 2009 GDP of 320 million Chinese yuan (CNY) Other sources put the population at 5.92 million. It covers an area of 1,883 km in the urban area with a population of 5.92 million, GDP reaches 568 billion CNY (US$ 90 billion), GDP per capita of 96,067 CNY (US$ 15,665),

38-756: A UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, New York, Hong Kong and Dubai. Its Managing Director is Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist. In December 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit acquired Bazian, which specialises in the analysis and supply of clinical evidence on health services, treatment, and health technologies to assess clinical effectiveness and value for money. Headquartered in London , Bazian

57-649: A global management consulting firm serving primarily consumer-facing industries and leveraging predictive analytics . It was founded in 2004 and was headquartered in Boston . It was folded into the EIU in 2020. In November 2010, the Economist Intelligence Unit released the Access China White Paper profiling the economies of the top 20 emerging cities in China, directed by Stephen Joske, China Forecasting, for

76-430: Is a multifaceted concept encompassing the functioning of diverse institutions, many of which are challenging to measure. As a result, limitations arise in quantifying and econometrically analyzing democracy's potential effects or its relationships with other phenomena, such as inequality, poverty, and education. etc. Given the challenges of obtaining reliable data on within-country variations in aspects of democracy, much of

95-627: Is along with V-Dem Democracy indices the most widely used among the Democracy indices . In January 2011, the Unit released the Government Broadband Index (gBBi), which assesses countries on the basis of government planning, as opposed to current broadband capability. With ambitious targets for both the speed and coverage of next-generation broadband networks, the developed countries of Southeast Asia scored highest. According to

114-720: Is an online tool which was designed to scan markets in various countries and cities across the globe and find the best locations for a product or service. Democracy indices Democracy indices are quantitative and comparative assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy. The democracy indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies, hybrid regimes , and autocracies , or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying causal mechanisms of regime transformation processes. Democracy indices vary in their scope and

133-464: Is the research and analysis division of the Economist Group , providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation ,

152-717: The electoral system , are included in some democracy indices but not in others. Some measures of democracy, such as Freedom House and Polity IV, adopt a maximalist understanding of democracy by analyzing indicators that extend beyond mere electoral procedures. These measures aim to capture broader dimensions of democratic governance, reflecting a more comprehensive view of political systems.." The Journal of Politics . 70 (3): 632–647.</ref> These measures attempt to gauge contestation and inclusion; two features Robert Dahl argued are essential in democracies that successfully promote accountable governments. The democratic rating given by these mainstream measures can vary greatly depending on

171-404: The Economist Intelligence Unit. It was created to support a report conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit's Access China Service, "CHAMPS: China’s fastest-growing cities". These cities are favoured for several reasons, including the breadth of business opportunities available, the ongoing construction boom, rising home and vehicle ownership and spending on personal appliances. The report coined

190-431: The academic focus has been on cross-country comparisons. However, significant variations in democratic institutions can exist within individual countries, highlighting the limitations of such an approach. Another dimension of the difficulty in measuring democracy lies in the ongoing debate between minimalist and maximalist definitions of democracy. A minimalist conception of democracy defines democracy by primarily considering

209-635: The acronym CHAMPS ( Chongqing , Hefei , Anshan , Maanshan , Pingdingshan and Shenyang ). In 2006 (with updates in 2008, 2010 and every year since), the Economist Intelligence Unit released the Democracy Index , an index compiled by examining the state of democracy in 167 countries, attempting to quantify this with an Index of Democracy focusing on five general categories— electoral process and pluralism , civil liberties , functioning of government, political participation and political culture . The Democracy Index by Economist Intelligence Unit

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228-509: The core area of three cities ( Changzhutan metropolis ) had an area of 483.77 km in 2012. On December 14, 2007, it was issued as Comprehensive Supporting Reform Trial Areas to build a resource conserving and environment friendly society by China NDRC . The Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan intercity railway connects the three urban cores and surrounding areas. The area has been given a unified telephone area code . Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU )

247-419: The essence of democracy; such as electoral procedures. A maximalist definition of democracy can include outcomes, such as economic or administrative efficiency, into measures of democracy. Some aspects of democracy, such as responsiveness or accountability , are generally not included in democracy indices due to the difficulty measuring these aspects. Other aspects, such as judicial independence or quality of

266-446: The index, Greece is the worst-performing country measured, due to its relatively low coverage target and drawn-out deployment schedule. Greece also suffers due to the considerable size of its public-funding commitment as a percentage of overall government budget revenues, and because its plan does little to encourage competition. In November 2015, the Economist Intelligence Unit launched Market Explorer in collaboration with Canback. It

285-446: The indicators and evidence they deploy. The definition of democracy utilized by these measures is important because of the discouraging and alienating power such ratings can have, particularly when determined by indicators which are biased toward Western democracies. Dieter Fuchs and Edeltraud Roller argue that accurately measuring the quality of democracy requires complementing objective metrics with subjective measurements that reflect

304-498: The methodologies used by prominent democracy indices such as Freedom House and Polity.Such as the concept of democracy they measured, the design of indicators, and the aggregation rule. Political scientists Andrew T. Little and Anne Meng "highlight measurement concerns regarding time-varying bias in expert-coded data" such as Freedom House and V-Dem and encourage improving expert-coding practices. Knutsen et al. did not see evidence for time-varying bias in their expert-coded data and note

323-503: The perspectives and experiences of citizens.. Similarly, Quinton Mayne and Brigitte Geißel also defend that the quality of democracy does not depend exclusively on the performance of institutions, but also on the citizens' own dispositions and commitment. Data on democracy, and particularly global indices of democracy, and the data they rely on, have been the subject of scrutinized and criticized by various scholars. Gerardo L. Munck and Jay Verkuilen for instance, have raised concerns about

342-555: The weight assigned to different aspects of democracy. These aspects include the breadth and strength of core democratic institutions, the competitiveness and inclusiveness of polyarchy, freedom of expression, governance quality, adherence to democratic norms, co-option of opposition, and other related factors. electoral system manipulation , electoral fraud , and popular support of anti-democratic alternatives. Other measured aspects of democracy include voter turnout , efficiency gap , wasted vote , and political efficacy . Democracy

361-564: Was founded by Vivek Muthu and Anna Donald in 1999. In April 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit acquired Clearstate, a market intelligence firm offering customised strategic advisory and primary research specifically addressing the healthcare and life sciences domains within the Asia Pacific. Clearstate was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Singapore. In July 2015, the Economist Intelligence Unit acquired Canback & Company,

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