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30-755: The Grimming rises between the Enns valley and Salzkammergut , east of the Dachstein massif, being separated from its eastern rim by the Salza Gorge . Although it is topographically separate from the Dachstein, the Grimming is mainly made of Dachstein limestone . Southwest of the main summit is the Grimmingtor (Grimming Gate), a roughly 50-metre-high and 15-metre-wide recess in the rock face, capped by

60-546: A survey mark for early land surveys ; in 1822 Lieutenant Carl Baron Simbschen erected a wooden survey mark at the summit and a stone hut just below it as a shelter. The mountain is a popular destination for mountaineers and climbers. The Grimming Hut (966 m) is the only hut in this massif and is not far above the valley. North of the Grimming summit there is a bothy that was built in 1949 and may be used as emergency shelter in bad weather. Enns valley The Enns ( German pronunciation: [ɛns] )

90-456: A 10-metre-thick rock overhang. To the east it is bounded by a large rib of rock, which is why, in certain light conditions, it has the appearance of a gate. According to legend, rich treasures have been hidden behind this "gate". Thanks to its imposing appearance, the mountain was long described as mons Styriae altissimus , the highest mountain in the Austrian state of Styria . It was used as

120-531: A target of Allied bombing raids to knock out its factories. In two major attacks by the US Fifteenth Air Force during the " Big Week " on 23 and 24 February 1944, much of the town was badly damaged, but the factories continued to function until near the end of the war. The city was a meeting point on 9 May 1945, when units of the 5th Guards Airborne of the Red Army and black troops of

150-845: A total generative power of 345  megawatts have been built by the Ennskraftwerke AG . Currently, there are 15 hydroelectric power stations on the Enns. The power stations are listed beginning at the headwaters: The most important inflows are the Palten , the Salza and the Steyr . Other tributaries are the Northern Taurach and the Erzbach . A major transit route connecting Germany and Slovenia through Austria runs through

180-586: Is a statutory city , located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria . It is the administrative capital, though not part of Steyr-Land District . Steyr is Austria's 12th most populated town and the 3rd largest city in Upper Austria. The city has a long history as a manufacturing center and has given its name to several manufacturers headquartered there, such as the former Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate and its successor Steyr Motors . The city

210-533: Is a southern tributary of the river Danube in Austria , joining northward at the city of Enns . It forms much of the border between the states of Lower Austria and Upper Austria . The Enns spans 253 kilometres (157 mi), in a flat-J-shape. It flows from its source near the village Flachau , generally eastward through Radstadt , Schladming , and Liezen , then turns north near Hieflau , to flow past Weyer and Ternberg through Steyr , and further north to

240-541: Is situated in the Traunviertel region, with the two rivers Steyr and Enns flowing through it and meeting near the town centre beneath Lamberg Castle and St Michael's Church. This prominent location has made it prone to severe flooding through the centuries until the present, one of the worst cases being recently in August 2002 . To the south of the town rises a series of hills that climb in altitude and stretch out to

270-675: The Austrian Civil War , which brought about the fascist corporate Federal State of Austria that ruled the country until the 1938 Anschluss to Nazi Germany . The Nazi authorities incorporated the armament industry into the vast Reichswerke Hermann Göring conglomerate, including the construction of the Steyr-Münichholz subcamp of forced labourers, part of the Mauthausen network. A major producer of arms and military vehicles during World War II , Steyr became

300-715: The Counter-Reformation . The economic situation changed for the worse, as the iron trade decayed during the Thirty Years' War , when Upper Austria was pawned to Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria , and the Peasants' War in Upper Austria of 1626. In 1727 the medieval Styraburg was devastated by a blaze and replaced by the Baroque Lamberg Castle. The resurgence of Steyr began under the conditions of late 18th century Josephinism and continued in

330-636: The Dachstein group at its southern side. Between Admont and Hieflau , it takes a turn to the North and passes through the Gesäuse , a gorge of a length of 15 km (9.3 mi), where it penetrates the limestone of the Ennstaler Alpen . Flowing to the north from there on, it reaches the state of Upper Austria at the mouth of the Laussabach  [ de ] . North of Steyr , it forms

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360-786: The Holy Roman Empire and especially with the Republic of Venice . In the 13th and 14th century, Steyr was a centre of the Christian Waldensian movement and a location of the inquisitorial persecutions led by the Catholic cleric Petrus Zwicker (d. 1403). Likewise, the Protestant Reformation quickly spread among the citizens about 1525, fiercely opposed by the Habsburg rulers in the course of

390-467: The Steyr automobile branch from 1915 it was renamed Steyr-Werke AG in 1926 and formed a large industrial conglomerate by the merger with Austro-Daimler and Puch in 1934. However, the Steyr industry was hit hard by the 1929 Great Depression . In 1934, the town became one of several battlegrounds between Social Democratic Schutzbund paramilitary forces and Christian Social Heimwehr militias in

420-684: The Upper Austrian Prealps . To the north, the hills roll downward towards the confluence of the Enns with the Danube River, where the town of Enns is situated. In the east, the municipal area borders with Lower Austria . Steyr is an ancient town with modern amenities, marketing its rich cultural and architectural heritage in tourism like Vienna and many other well preserved Austrian historic towns. It marked its 1,000th anniversary in 1980, after undergoing extensive restoration of its historic architecture which has made it one of

450-537: The mouth is 200  m /s (7,100  cu ft/s ). The Anisian Age in the Triassic Period of geological time is named from Anisus, the Latin name of the river Enns. In the middle of the 19th century, canals began to be built along the 70 km (43 mi) between Weißenbach and the Gesäuse , in order to make use of the water for agriculture and forestry . In total, ten power plants with

480-546: The 1186 Georgenberg Pact , his Styrian lands fell to the Babenberg dukes of Austria . Steyr, already named a town ( urbs ) by then, lost its importance as a ducal residence but retained its status as a centre of ironworking. The Babenberg rulers promoted its economic development as a site of blacksmithing, mainly knife making and armament industry. After the extinction of the Babenbergs in 1246, Steyr together with

510-503: The Bavarian Traungau as well as the adjacent " March of Styria " were ruled by the mighty Otakar dynasty. The Otokars controlled the iron mining at Erzberg and made their residence at Steyr a centre of medieval courtly culture and Middle High German poetry. In 1180, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa elevated Margrave Ottokar IV to a Duke of Styria ; however, the line became extinct upon his death in 1192 and, according to

540-557: The Danube at Enns ( see map in References ). It was known in Latin as Anisus or Anasus , of uncertain origin; Anreiter et al. tried to link it to an Indo-European * on - and the hydronymic suffix * -is- . Later sources call it Ensa or Enisa . Others have linked it to Upper Danubian Vasconic * an , "water." Another possible link is Greek ᾰ̓νῠστός ( anystos , "useful"). The West Slavic languages have different names for

570-540: The Danube. In the 6th century, Slavic settlers moved into the area, but when they were defeated by Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria , who granted the land to nearby Kremsmünster Abbey in 777, the area was resettled with Bavarians . During the Hungarian invasions of Europe , a fortress was erected above the Steyr River by the local Traungau counts, first mentioned as Styraburg in a 980 deed. From 1055 Steyr Castle in

600-615: The Duchy of Austria was occupied by the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia and finally taken over by the Habsburg king Rudolf I of Germany upon his victory at the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld . The town privileges and market rights were confirmed by Rudolf's son King Albert I in 1287 and the citizens further on benefitted of Steyr's preferred position within the iron trade all over

630-566: The Enns valley. The so-called Eisenstraße ("iron road") runs along the river between Hieflau and Enns, along which iron ore has been transported from the Styrian Erzberg ("ore mountain") to the steel mill in Linz . The 263km Enns Radweg cyclepath follows the river starting at Flachauwinkl and finishing where the Enns enters the Danube. Steyr Steyr ( German: [ˈʃtaɪɐ] ; Central Bavarian : Steia )

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660-468: The Steyr biomass heating plant. The local professional football team is SK Vorwärts Steyr who play at the Vorwärts Stadium . Steyr has had a number of well-known residents or visitors, including Franz Schubert (1797–1828), who wrote his Trout Quintet there while on holiday in 1819, and composer Anton Bruckner (1824–1896), organist at the local parish church. Young Adolf Hitler spent

690-674: The US 761st Tank Battalion along with the 71st Infantry Division contacted each other on the bridge over the Enns River. Steyr was occupied by the U.S. Army—the Soviet Army moved east behind the demarcation line of the province of Lower Austria. The troops remained until 1955 when Austria officially declared neutrality by the Austrian State Treaty . The local council (Gemeinderat) has 36 members. Elections in 2015 showed

720-651: The area from about 600 BC, the name of the Stiria River is of Celtic origin. Their kingdom of Noricum became part of the Roman Empire in 15 BC. A settlement named Gesodunum noted by the ancient geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. 168) was possibly located in the Steyr region. Here the Roman "Iron Road" led from the Erzberg mine along the Enns River to the castra of Lauriacum (at present-day Enns) on

750-680: The best preserved old towns in the country. The famous historic town centre built around the Stadtplatz ( town square ) was largely restored following World War II . Its best-known piece of architecture is called the Bummerlhaus which is considered one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture for its size in Central Europe . The city comprises the cadastral communities of Christkindl, Föhrenschacherl, Gleink, Hinterberg, Jägerberg, Sarning, Stein, and Steyr. Celts settled

780-493: The border between Upper Austria and Lower Austria (formerly also known as Austria above the Enns and Austria below the Enns ). Finally, it meets the Danube at Mauthausen and the city of Enns . It is the longest river solely in Austria. The Enns is a typical wild water river and draws its water from an area of 6,084 km (2,349 sq mi), which makes it the fifth-largest in Austria . Its average discharge at

810-553: The course of the succeeding industrialisation . During the Napoleonic Wars Steyr was occupied by French troops several times. On 25 December 1800, the Armistice of Steyr was signed there. In 1830 the blacksmith Leopold Werndl founded an armory at Steyr, which his sons Josef and Franz Werndl re-established as a stock company in 1864, named the Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft (ÖWG) from 1869. Including

840-518: The following results: The most heavily represented sector is manufacturing automotive parts. The most significant companies in Steyr are: In other sectors are also important Austrian companies in Steyr: The Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr is the general hospital of the city and the largest health care provider in the region with a capacity of 621 beds. It is also a teaching hospital affiliated with

870-444: The medical universities of Vienna , Graz and Innsbruck . The Steyr School of General Health and Nursing offers a degree in nursing science and training to become a certified nurse. The oldest part is the 1916 castle-like old building. The hospital has been continually expanded since 1935. Steyr has a district heating system which supplies the bulk of the buildings and industry with renewable energy. The thermal energy comes from

900-916: The river: in Czech it is called the Enže ; in Slovak , the Enža ; and in Polish , the Aniza . The Enns has its source in the Radstädter Tauern mountains in the Austrian state of Salzburg . In a valley which developed during the ice age , it flows at the border between the Northern Limestone Alps and the Central Eastern Alps on an eastern trajectory through Styria , where it passes

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