In shooting sports , a shot grouping , or simply group , is the collective pattern of projectile impacts on a target from multiple consecutive shots taken in one shooting session. The tightness of the grouping (the proximity of all the shots to each other) is a measure of the precision of a weapon, and a measure of the shooter's consistency and skill. On the other hand, the grouping displacement (the distance between the calculated group center and the intended point of aim) is a measure of accuracy .
36-628: [REDACTED] The present page holds the title of a primary topic , and an article needs to be written about it. It is believed to qualify as a broad-concept article . It may be written directly at this page or drafted elsewhere and then moved to this title. Related titles should be described in Group , while unrelated titles should be moved to Group (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Look up group in Wiktionary,
72-653: A semi-circle always has 10,800 arcminutes. By measuring the grouping size as a short arc (measured in inches ) on a circle whose radius corresponds to the distance to target (measured in yards ), the angular measurement can be calculated using simple geometry : In the above formula, "36" is the conversion factor between yards and inches. Conversely, the group size of 1 arcminute at 100 yards (the most commonly used sighting-in distance in North America ) can also be calculated: The linear formula above for measuring group sizes using arcminutes with imperial units
108-428: A "wind shift" or " gust "), a muscular flinch of the shooter at the time of the trigger pull, a problem with the firearm mechanism, poor tuning of barrel harmonics , or inconsistency in the ammunition (e.g. bullet / pellet weight and aerodynamics , propellant load and efficiency, muzzle velocity ). Infrequent single fliers may be discounted when evaluating large cohorts, but if random fliers occur often, then
144-460: A 1 MOA group can be represented approximately by a 29 mm circle, slightly smaller than a half dollar coin . When using imperial units , shooting accuracy is more easily measured in minutes of arc or arcminutes (symbol ′ , also called "minutes of angle", or "MOA" for short), which is an angular unit equal to 1/60th of a degree . A full 360-degree circle surrounding a shooter therefore always has 360 × 60 = 21,600 arcminutes, and
180-435: A Buddhist concept of five material and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging Science and technology [ edit ] Mathematics [ edit ] Group (mathematics) , a set together with a binary operation satisfying certain algebraic conditions Chemistry [ edit ] Functional group , a group of atoms which provide some property to a molecule Group (periodic table) ,
216-435: A Buddhist concept of five material and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging Science and technology [ edit ] Mathematics [ edit ] Group (mathematics) , a set together with a binary operation satisfying certain algebraic conditions Chemistry [ edit ] Functional group , a group of atoms which provide some property to a molecule Group (periodic table) ,
252-566: A category of car allowed to compete in auto racing Army group Militia groups Rebel groups Terrorist groups Group (military unit) , an air force formation Corporate group , a group of affiliated companies Group psychotherapy , sometimes colloquially known as "group" Musical ensemble See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Group Affiliation (disambiguation) Association (disambiguation) Class (disambiguation) Grouping (disambiguation) Grup (disambiguation) Grupp ,
288-566: A category of car allowed to compete in auto racing Army group Militia groups Rebel groups Terrorist groups Group (military unit) , an air force formation Corporate group , a group of affiliated companies Group psychotherapy , sometimes colloquially known as "group" Musical ensemble See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Group Affiliation (disambiguation) Association (disambiguation) Class (disambiguation) Grouping (disambiguation) Grup (disambiguation) Grupp ,
324-497: A classification category in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants Galaxy groups and clusters , in cosmology Group (firearms) , the grouping of shots from a firearm Language group, a unit of classification within a Language family Other uses [ edit ] Breed Groups (dog) , the group or category to which breeds of dogs are assigned by kennel clubs Group (auto racing) ,
360-429: A classification category in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants Galaxy groups and clusters , in cosmology Group (firearms) , the grouping of shots from a firearm Language group, a unit of classification within a Language family Other uses [ edit ] Breed Groups (dog) , the group or category to which breeds of dogs are assigned by kennel clubs Group (auto racing) ,
396-535: A column in the periodic table of chemical elements Computing and the Internet [ edit ] Group (computing) , a collection of users or other objects Group (database) Group (online social networking) Usenet newsgroup Google Groups Yahoo! Groups Facebook groups Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Group (stratigraphy) , in geology, consisting of formations or rock strata Cultivar group , in biology,
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#1732758252160432-479: A column in the periodic table of chemical elements Computing and the Internet [ edit ] Group (computing) , a collection of users or other objects Group (database) Group (online social networking) Usenet newsgroup Google Groups Yahoo! Groups Facebook groups Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Group (stratigraphy) , in geology, consisting of formations or rock strata Cultivar group , in biology,
468-534: A group whose members share the same social identity Tribal group , a group whose members share the same tribal identity Organization , an entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment Peer group , an entity of three or more people with similar age, ability, experience, and interest Social science [ edit ] In-group and out-group Primary, secondary, and reference groups Social group Collectives Philosophy and religion [ edit ] Khandha ,
504-534: A group whose members share the same social identity Tribal group , a group whose members share the same tribal identity Organization , an entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment Peer group , an entity of three or more people with similar age, ability, experience, and interest Social science [ edit ] In-group and out-group Primary, secondary, and reference groups Social group Collectives Philosophy and religion [ edit ] Khandha ,
540-448: A grouping is considered acceptable for self-defense if the shots fall within a circle of 4 to 5 inches, which is 15 to 19 MOA (equivalent to a grouping of 100-150 mm at 25 meters, which is 4-6 mils), representing the shot pattern needed to hit the vital organs of a human target. Expensive and well-machined match-grade pistols demonstrate a higher accuracy than normal handguns, capable of groupings of 1.25 inches at 25 yards, which
576-410: A shotgun is choked to deliver a wider or narrower scattering, depending on the expected use. Shooting at close range indicates a cylinder bore barrel to deliver a wide grouping, while for hunting at longer distances such as 50 yards or meters, a choke is recommended to constrict the scattering for a tighter pattern. In archery , a shot grouping is the result of one person shooting multiple arrows at
612-412: A surname List of animal names , including collective nouns for groups of animals Set (disambiguation) Syndicate The Group (disambiguation) Union (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Group . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
648-412: A surname List of animal names , including collective nouns for groups of animals Set (disambiguation) Syndicate The Group (disambiguation) Union (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Group . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
684-457: A target. A tight grouping indicates consistency in the archer's form . Mean point of impact (MPI) is the calculated center of the grouping, which is the average center of all the shots, and is not necessarily located at a hole in the target. The process of mechanically readjusting the gunsight 's point of aim to match the MPI is called sighting in or "zeroing" the gun. The size of the grouping
720-403: Is about 4.5%, which is considered acceptable in most shooting applications. A big-game hunting rifle is considered accurate if its shots fall within 1.5 MOA (≈ 0.5 mil), while a rifle intended for small animals is expected to have an accuracy of 1 MOA or less (under 0.3 mil, also known as "sub-MOA"). Handguns are typically less accurate; at a shooting distance of 25 yd,
756-446: Is about 5 MOA (equivalent to about 30 mm at 25 meters, which is 1.2 mil). With the increased element of human skill in archery, a grouping on target is more a measure of the archer's skill. If an archer is not getting a consistent grouping, then their basic form needs work. If an archer's arrows are grouping on target but off center, this shows consistent basic form, with better results achievable after slight adjustments. On
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#1732758252160792-401: Is an arc -based angular unit corresponding to 1/1,000th of a radian , and mathematically a direct ratio between the length of a circular arc and its radius . When imagining the shooter as the center of a two-dimensional circle, and his lines of sight as rays projecting from that center, the group size can be geometrically considered a very short length of arc, and the distance to
828-463: Is described as the diameter of the smallest circle that can be drawn to contain all the shots, typically only measured from the center points of each impact (known as "center-to-center size"). A " flier " is a shot from the same shooting session that is distinctly farther from the general grouping, considered to be the outlier of the group. Such shots may be the result of trajectory deviation caused by unexpected changes in wind condition (known as
864-425: Is less precise than using milliradians with metric units, but can still be a good approximation depending on the demands for precision. When shooting at a target 100 yards away, a 1 MOA group is a circle of approximately 1.047 inch diameter, roughly the size of a dollar coin . This coincidentally can be rounded down to just 1 inch, and the round-off error of assuming 1 MOA equals "1 inch at 100 yards"
900-423: The free dictionary. A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people [ edit ] Cultural group , a group whose members share the same cultural identity Ethnic group , a group whose members share the same ethnic identity Religious group (disambiguation) , a group whose members share the same religious identity Social group ,
936-423: The free dictionary. A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people [ edit ] Cultural group , a group whose members share the same cultural identity Ethnic group , a group whose members share the same ethnic identity Religious group (disambiguation) , a group whose members share the same religious identity Social group ,
972-548: The 💕 (Redirected from Group (disambiguation) ) [REDACTED] The present page holds the title of a primary topic , and an article needs to be written about it. It is believed to qualify as a broad-concept article . It may be written directly at this page or drafted elsewhere and then moved to this title. Related titles should be described in Group , while unrelated titles should be moved to Group (disambiguation) . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Look up group in Wiktionary,
1008-422: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group&oldid=1243788867 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages to be converted to broad concept articles Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Group (disambiguation) From Misplaced Pages,
1044-455: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Group&oldid=1243788867 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages to be converted to broad concept articles Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Group (firearms) Tightness of shot groupings are calculated by measuring
1080-417: The linear formula above can be used as an extremely good approximation for group sizes in milliradians. The error of assuming that 0.1 mil (the typical click value on mil-based adjustment wheels ) equals "10 mm (1 cm) at 100 meters" is about 1 × 10 % (or 0.000 0001 %). Metric units can also be used to calculate group sizes in minutes of arc , though this is mathematically inconvenient due to
1116-417: The maximum distance between any two bullet holes on the target (center-to-center) in length measurements such as millimeters or inches . Often that measurement is converted into angular measurements such as milliradians ("mils" or "mrads") or minutes of angle (MOAs), which expresses the size of shot scatter regardless of the target distance. Thus, by using angular measurements, one can reliably compare
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1152-428: The need to convert between central angle and arc length , which involves multiplication with the irrational mathematical constant π : In the above formula, "1000" is the conversion factor between meters and millimeters; "10800" is how many arcminutes are within a 180-degree semicircle , whose arc length is " π × r" and "r" corresponds to the distance in meters. And conversely: Therefore, at 100 m,
1188-489: The problem is considered significant and should be traced to its origin. While target shooting with a handgun , if a grouping is consistently off-center then the shooter is instructed to alter the body angle or the stance, rather than shifting the arm, wrist or hand, which should remain in position. When using the SI or metric units , shooting accuracy is more easily measured in milliradians ("mil" or "mrad" for short), which
1224-437: The relative tightness of shot groupings fired at different distances. For firearms that shoot one round at a time, a shot grouping test can be used to measure the accuracy of the entire shooting system: the weapon's mechanical precision and the uniformity of the ammunition. The weapon is fixed into position on a test mount, and aimed at a target. Multiple shots using rounds from the same type and batch are fired to observe how
1260-533: The target as the radius. By measuring the group size in millimeters (or in centimeters and then multiplying by a conversion factor of 10) and the distance to target in meters , the numerical conversion between radians and milliradians is cancelled out , and the angular measurement can be very easily calculated as a simple division : And conversely, the group size of 1 milliradian at 100 meters (the default metric sighting-in distance) can be determined just as easily: Since shot grouping are very small angles,
1296-416: The weapon groups the shots. If a person holds the weapon and shoots it, the grouping measures the combination of the person's skill and the weapon's accuracy. In shotgun shooting, the grouping is also called the pattern or " spread ". The pattern indicates the extent of scattering by shots from a single shotshell , measured as the smallest circle containing all the shots on the target. The barrel of
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