The Gunderup Runestone , or DR 143 , is located in Gunderup, North Jutland County , Jutland , Denmark . It is notable because it is one of few runestones raised in commemoration of a woman.
8-455: The Gunderup Runestone was first documented in 1629 as being located on a hill, but was later used for construction materials. The stone is granite and has a height of 2.46 meters. The inscription consists of two sections of runic text and is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK. This is the classification for inscriptions where the ends of the runic bands are straight and do not have any beast or serpent heads attached. The inscription
16-495: Is contemporary with FP dated to c. 1010- c. 1050 when it was succeeded by Pr3. This style is only somewhat younger than the previous style and it is dated to c. 1020- c. 1050, and it was also succeeded by Pr3. This style succeeded FP, Pr1 and Pr2 and is dated to c. 1050- c. 1080. This style appeared somewhat later c. 1060/1070 and lasted until c. 1100. This style was the last one before runestones stopped being raised. It appeared c. 1080/1100 and lasted until c. 1130. This style
24-539: Is dated as being carved in 900-960. The runic text states that it was raised by Tóki in memory of his step-father who was either named Api or Ebbi and of his mother Tófa. It is one of only two runestones in Denmark that memorialize both parents, the second being the now-lost DR 201 from Allerup. That stepsons did not usually inherit under local law is indicated by the text, which goes on to indicate that Api/Ebbi made Tóki his heir through some process. The text also describes
32-500: The Viking Age . The early runestones were simple in design, but towards the end of the runestone era they became increasingly complex and made by travelling runemasters such as Öpir and Visäte . A categorization of the styles was developed by Anne-Sophie Gräslund in the 1990s. Her systematization is considered to have been a break-through and is today a standard. The styles are RAK, Fp, Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5, and they cover
40-505: The Rundata project also includes the older runestones in this group, as well as younger ones. This style has no dragon heads and the ends of the runic bands are straight. This style is from the period c. 1010/1015 to c. 1040/1050, when Pr3 appeared. It is characterized by runic bands that end with animal heads seen from above. In the styles called Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5, the runic bands end with animal heads seen in profile. This style
48-534: The church in Gunderup. : tuki Toki : raisþi resþi : stini stena : þoisi þæssi : auk ok : karþi gærþi : kub(l) kumbl (:) ¶ : þausi þøsi : aft æft aba Apa/Æbba, : mak mag : sin sin, Runestone style The style or design of runestones varied during
56-463: The father as being þægn goþan or "a good thegn ," a phrase that is also used on two Swedish runestones, Vg 8 from Hjälstads and, in its plural form, on Sö 34 from Tjuvstigen. A thegn was a class of retainer, and about fifty memorial runestones in Denmark and Sweden mention that the deceased was a thegn. The runestone, which is known locally as the Gunderup-sten 1 , is currently stored at
64-528: The period 980-1130, which was the period during which most runestones were made. The styles Pr1 and Pr2 correspond to the Ringerike style , whereas Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5 belong to what is more widely known as the Urnes style . Below follows a brief presentation of the various styles by showing sample runestones according to Rundata 's annotation. RAK is the oldest style and covers the period 980-1015 AD, but
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