Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) is the organic compound with the formula (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2 . It is the dioxirane derived from acetone and can be viewed as the monomer of acetone peroxide . It is a powerful selective oxidizing agent that finds some use in organic synthesis . It is known only in the form of a dilute solution, usually in acetone, and hence the properties of the pure material are largely unknown.
13-427: DMD may refer to: Science, health and medicine [ edit ] Dimethyldioxirane , an organic molecule Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Doctor of Dental Medicine , an academic degree for the profession of Dentistry Duchenne muscular dystrophy , a neurodegenerative disease Dysmyelogenic leukodystrophy , a neurodegenerative disease Dystrophin ,
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39-451: A chemical substance is said to be "stable" if it is not particularly reactive in the environment or during normal use, and retains its useful properties on the timescale of its expected usefulness. In particular, the usefulness is retained in the presence of air, moisture or heat, and under the expected conditions of application. In this meaning, the material is said to be unstable if it can corrode, decompose, polymerize, burn or explode under
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65-416: A given system, how fast such a reaction could proceed. Chemical substances or states can persist indefinitely even though they are not in their lowest energy state if they experience metastability - a state which is stable only if not disturbed too much. A substance (or state) might also be termed "kinetically persistent" if it is changing relatively slowly (and thus is not at thermodynamic equilibrium, but
78-810: Is a stronger oxidant than DMDO. DMDO is most commonly used for the oxidation of alkenes to epoxides . One advantage of using DMDO is that the only byproduct of oxidation is acetone, a fairly innocuous and volatile compound. DMDO oxidations are particularly mild, sometimes allowing oxidations which might not otherwise be possible. Despite its high reactivity, DMDO displays good selectivity for electron-rich olefins. DMDO will also oxidize several other functional groups. For example, DMDO will oxidize primary amines to nitro compounds and sulfides to sulfoxides . In some cases, DMDO will even oxidize unactivated C-H bonds: DMDO can also be used to convert nitro compounds to carbonyl compounds ( Nef reaction ). Chemical instability In chemistry , chemical stability
91-422: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dimethyldioxirane DMDO is not commercially available because of chemical instability . DMDO can be prepared as dilute solutions (~0.1 M) by treatment of acetone with potassium peroxymonosulfate KHSO 5 , usually in the form of Oxone (2KHSO 5 ·KHSO 4 ·K 2 SO 4 ). The preparation of DMDO
104-553: Is observed anyway). Metastable and kinetically persistent species or systems are not considered truly stable in chemistry. Therefore, the term chemically stable should not be used by chemists as a synonym of unreactive because it confuses thermodynamic and kinetic concepts. On the other hand, highly chemically unstable species tend to undergo exothermic unimolar decompositions at high rates. Thus, high chemical instability may sometimes parallel unimolar decompositions at high rates. In everyday language, and often in materials science ,
117-591: Is rather inefficient (typical yields < 3%) and typically only yields a relatively dilute solution in acetone (only up to approximately 0.1 M). This is tolerable as preparation uses inexpensive substances: acetone , sodium bicarbonate , and oxone . Cold solutions (−10 to −20 °C) of DMDO are stable for days. Decomposition is accelerated by light and by heavy metals. The concentration of DMDO may be assayed immediately prior to its use. Methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (H 3 C)(F 3 C)CO 2 can be similarly prepared from methyl trifluoromethyl ketone . It
130-473: Is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer . Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state , or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved . This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless
143-707: The University of Pennsylvania Draw Mohammed Day United States District Court for the District of Maryland Doomadgee Airport , IATA airport code "DMD" Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title DMD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DMD&oldid=1176659383 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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#1732775890299156-407: The fluorescent multilayer optical disc format Direct Metal/Material Deposition , a multilayer cladding process where a precisely controlled laser beam is used to melt metal powders onto a substrate Dot Matrix Display , an information display device Dynamic mode decomposition , method to decompose experimental data into modes, resembling an empirical eigenvalue decomposition. Diamond Coin,
169-498: The system is changed. Chemical systems might undergo changes in the phase of matter or a set of chemical reactions . State A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B if the Gibbs free energy of the change from A to B is positive. Thermodynamic stability applies to a particular system. The reactivity of a chemical substance is a description of how it might react across a variety of potential chemical systems and, for
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