CMA CGM is a French shipping and logistics company founded in 1978 by Jacques Saadé .
107-494: American President Lines, LLC ( APL , formerly American President Lines Ltd. ), is an American container shipping company that is a subsidiary of French shipping company CMA CGM . It operates an all-container ship fleet, including nine U.S. flagged container vessels. In 1938, the U.S. government took over the management of the Dollar Steamship Co., which was in financial difficulties and transferred their assets to
214-616: A 10-year government contract through Arnold Harris, with the New York State Senate incorporating the Pacific Mail Steamship Company with a capital of $ 400,000, of which Aspinwall was elected the first president. This company was to move the mail from Panama to the West Coast, being paid $ 199,000 per annum by the U.S. government. In January 1848, the company ordered three mail steamers from
321-406: A 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $ 59,628 versus $ 39,893 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 31,226. About 3.1% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over. According to the city's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Arts Benicia
428-499: A 3% holding. Maritime activities Terminal activities Intermodal activities and logistics Support activities Air services In 2023, CMA CGM's fleet included: The fleet has 200 maritime services and calls at more than 420 ports in 160 countries. There are 521 commercial ports in the world at the moment. Some emblematic group's vessels are: On April 4, 2008, pirates seized the CMA CGM luxury cruise ship Le Ponant off
535-419: A cost of $ 1 million, and the capital of the company was increased to $ 20 million to cover this cost. By 1867, the company was running four different lines: Through these links, freight could be moved from New York to Yokohama in 42 days, to Shanghai in 47 days and Hong Kong in 50 days, including all detentions . In this same year, the company owned 25 ships, with a combined tonnage of 61,474 tons. In 1869,
642-745: A fleet of dry bulk ships, and a few large oil tankers and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tankers, with headquarters located in Paris' western suburbs, first in Paris- La Defense , then in close by Suresnes . The CGM liner services, mostly containerized but also operating a significant fleet of "Con-Ro" vessels able to load roll-on/roll-off cargoes, were re-structured from the two parent companies' main trade lanes, i.e. Western trade lanes (Americas) for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT) and Eastern trade lanes (Asia, East Africa, Pacific, plus Eastern South America) for Messageries Maritimes (MM). After
749-602: A gross revenue of $ 6 million. Dollar encouraged others to invest in Asia with his booklet, "Have You Investigated the Oriental Market for Your Product?", helping to open up Asia to 20th-century industry. The Merchant Marine Act of 1928 (also known as the Jones–White act) also helped Dollar Line, allowing it to sign a lucrative new mail contract and requiring it to build new ships to meet demand. On October 26, 1929, just as
856-555: A large fleet of schooners transporting lumber to market. In 1902, Dollar sailed to Asia for the first time on a Pacific Mail ship, SS China , to prospect potential lumber markets on the other side of the Pacific. He began to acquire a number of ships, and began his trans-Pacific shipping with a chartered voyage to Yokohama, Japan and the Philippines, marking his entry into international shipping. During World War I, Dollar ordered
963-538: A settlement was finally reached in the Dollar case. Rather than the Dollar family taking back the company, it was sold to a group of investors led by Ralph K. Davies for $ 18.3 million. At this time Davies also acquired control of American Mail Line with the aim of reintegrating it into APL. In 1958, the company began investigating the possibility of containerization , and sent research teams into 28 major ports. Following their reports, Davies began integrating containers into
1070-421: A single level of containers. Each rail car had a well that held the bottom container, thereby lowering the two stacked containers to reduce their combined height to fit within rail line clearances, hence the common name for double stack cars: "well cars." Double-stacking containers in well cars was developed in the late 1970s and first deployed in 1981, but APL was the first shipping line to fully embrace and exploit
1177-900: Is a city in Solano County, California , located on the north bank of the Carquinez Strait in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area . It served as the capital of California for nearly thirteen months from 1853 to 1854. The population was 27,131 at the 2020 United States Census . Benicia is just east of Vallejo and across the strait from Martinez . The City of Benicia was founded on May 19, 1847, by Dr. Robert Semple , Thomas O. Larkin , and Comandante General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo , on land donated to them by General Vallejo in December 1846. It
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#17327801796051284-547: Is a community-based non-profit organization whose mission is to stimulate, educate, and nurture cultural life in Benicia primarily through the visual arts. They provide exhibitions, educational programs, and classes that support artists and engage the broader community. The organization offers dynamic year-round art exhibitions and public art openings, the Benicia Artists Open Studios event in the spring,
1391-561: Is headquartered at the CMA CGM Tower in Marseille , France, and is the third largest container shipping company in the world. The company's 2023 annual revenue was US$ 47 billion . CMA CGM business activities include shipping, port operation , supply chain management and warehousing , with a presence in 160 countries through 400 offices, 750 warehouses, 155,000 employees and a wide fleet of 593 vessels. CMA CGM serves 420 of
1498-543: Is one of the largest street fairs in Northern California, this outdoor event began in 1963 with a few collectable and antique stores displaying their items on tables outside St. Paul's Church. Traditionally held on the July 3, Benicia's Fourth of July parade stretches all the way down First Street and typically includes music, dancing, floats, horses, clowns, and live entertainment. On the fourth Sunday in July,
1605-614: The Benicia Marina , there are several organized events and competitions. During the summer months, there is a yacht racing competition on Thursday evenings sponsored by the Benicia Yacht Club. The Yacht Club co-sponsors the annual Jazz Cup regatta with the South Beach Yacht Club, and also sponsors a Youth Sailing Program that offers extensive training. The Benicia Unified School District operates
1712-638: The Benicia Masonic Hall , built in 1850 with lumber donated by Benicia founder Robert Semple on land donated by Alexander Riddell, was used as the County court room and offices prior to the completion of Benicia's city hall. In 1858, the county seat was moved to Fairfield . In 1853, Benicia became the third site selected to serve as the California State capital, after San Jose and nearby Vallejo , and its newly constructed city hall
1819-668: The Central Pacific Railroad rerouted the Sacramento-Oakland portion of its transcontinental line to Benicia and established a major railroad ferry across the Carquinez Strait from Benicia to Port Costa . The world's largest ferry, the Solano , later joined by the even larger Contra Costa, carried entire trains across the Carquinez Strait from Benicia to Port Costa, whence they continued on to
1926-592: The Customs and Excise Department , Roy Tang Yun-kwong, added that APL would likely face criminal charges for breaching Hong Kong Law in this incident. In 2019, American President Lines and the captain of the involved ship was charged with violating the Import and Export (Strategic Commodities) Regulations, which they both pleaded not guilty to. In April 2019, they were found guilty, with American President Lines sentenced to 90,000 HKD in fines (10,000 HKD for each vehicle), and
2033-487: The Oakland Pier . On June 5, 1889, the legendary prize fight between James J. Corbett and Joe Choynski was held on a barge off the coast of Benicia. The match lasted 28 rounds, and is now commemorated by a plaque near Southampton Bay. In 1901, the world's first long-distance powerline crossing over Carquinez Strait was built. After California's wheat output dropped in the early 20th century and especially after
2140-673: The Panama Canal , and so Pacific Mail was sold to W. R. Grace and Company , where it operated as a subsidiary from 1916 till 1925, when the company's trans-Pacific fleet was bought over by the Dollar Shipping Company for $ 5,625,000 in cash. Meanwhile, Captain Robert Dollar purchased his first ship, marking the beginning of his shipping empire. Dollar was born in Falkirk , Scotland in 1844, moving to Canada at
2247-615: The San Pedro area of Los Angeles, California . As a rare surviving Victory ship, she is a U.S. National Historic Landmark . The Lane Victory was built by the California Shipbuilding Corporation in Los Angeles, California and launched on 31 May 1945. In 1945, R. Stanley Dollar, son of Robert Dollar, initiated court proceedings in the form of the Dollar case, in an attempt to force the return of
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#17327801796052354-565: The Southern Pacific (which took over the operations of the Central Pacific) opened a railroad bridge to Martinez on October 15, 1930, eliminating the ferry crossing and the Benicia station, Benicia declined until the economic boom of World War II, in which the population doubled to about 7,000 residents. A major fire on March 22, 1945, destroyed a half-block of businesses, including the nearly-century-old “old brewery”, and
2461-547: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 15.7 square miles (41 km ), of which 12.9 square miles (33 km ) are land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km ), comprising 17.75%, are water. Benicia is located on the north side of the Carquinez Strait . The 2010 United States Census reported that Benicia had a population of 26,997. The population density was 1,717.4 inhabitants per square mile (663.1/km ). The racial makeup of Benicia
2568-469: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was beginning, Dollar Steamship Line (renamed that same year) ordered two 21,936- gross register ton (GRT) steam turbo-electric ocean liners —the largest yet built for a US shipping company. SS President Hoover was completed in 1930 and SS President Coolidge was completed in 1931. They were state-of-the-art, luxurious sister ships rivaling
2675-653: The Young Ladies Seminary , and was the first women's college west of the Rocky Mountains . Before moving to Oakland in 1871, it was located on West I Street, just north of First Street. From 1860 to 1861, Benicia was indirectly involved in the Pony Express . When riders missed their connection with a steamer in Sacramento , they would continue on to Benicia and cross over to Martinez via
2782-629: The census of 2000, there were 26,865 people, 10,328 households, and 7,239 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,082.6 inhabitants per square mile (804.1/km ). There were 10,547 housing units at an average density of 817.6 units per square mile (315.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.89% White , 9.02% of the population were Hispanic or Latino , 7.56% Asian , 4.82% Black or African American , 0.60% Native American , 0.29% Pacific Islander , 2.65% from other races , and 5.18% from two or more races. There were 10,328 households, out of which 36.7% had children under
2889-799: The shipyard of William Henry Webb : the SS California , SS Panama and SS Oregon . On October 5 or October 6, 1848 the Pacific Mail's first of these steamers , the SS California , departed from New York City to run service from Panama to the West Coast, traveling around Cape Horn to San Francisco—coincidentally, the California Gold Rush began in January of that year, and the steamer—and its sisters, Oregon and Panama —took on many hopeful miners en route. Prior to founding Pacific Mail, Aspinwall had extensive experience in
2996-613: The "president" naming of ships, one of these examples being SS President Jackson , a C-3 class merchant vessel. In 1941, the U.S. entered World War II, and in 1942 the War Shipping Administration was created, of which APL was an agent. APL worked on the management of some of the Administration's ships, maintaining and overhauling them as well as crewing them and being responsible for the handling of cargo and passengers. APL's own ships were used, in addition to
3103-769: The Annual Benefit Art Auction in the fall, various special projects, and quarterly art classes for adults and kids. It is located in the Benicia Arsenal at the Commanding Officer's Quarters at 1 Commandant's Lane. Gallery hours are Thursday-Sunday, 12:00-5:00 pm during exhibitions; gallery admission is free to the public. Arts in the Park is an annual summer art celebration held in Benicia City Park. The Benicia Peddler's Fair
3210-606: The Arsenal removed Benicia's traditional economic base, but allowed city leaders to create an industrial park on Arsenal land which eventually provided more revenue for the city than the Army had. The completion of the Benicia-Martinez Bridge made it possible for the city to become a suburb of San Francisco and Oakland , and suburban development in the Benicia hills began in the late 1960s. On December 20, 1968, near
3317-669: The Benicia water pumping station on Lake Herman Road, the Zodiac Killer made his debut by killing Vallejo natives David Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen as they rested or " necked " in Faraday's car. Near the same area on July 4 of the following year, the killer struck again, killing Darlene Elizabeth Ferrin and injuring Michael Mageau at the Blue Rock Springs Park in Vallejo, immediately next to Benicia. Northeast of
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3424-665: The CMA CGM Group becomes a global leader in transport and logistics, 110,000 people strong with more than $ 30.3 billion in revenue. CEVA operational center is transferred in Marseille , France, where is located the Head Office of the CMA CGM Group. In February 2021, CMA CGM Group completes its logistics offer by creating a new division dedicated to air freight: CMA CGM Air Cargo . With its four Airbus A330-200F cargo aircraft, this airfreight division links Europe to North America. The first flight from Liège to Chicago marks
3531-664: The French State, through the award of mail contracts to various destinations, French colonies and overseas territories as well as foreign countries. After the two World Wars, the two companies became "State owned corporations of the competitive sector" ( Entreprise publique du secteur concurrentiel ), i.e., companies that, while owned by the State, were run as private for-profit businesses operating in competitive markets. The French government, under President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Prime Minister Jacques Chirac , progressively merged
3638-770: The Mail Steamer Bill (1847), mail delivery was authorized to be routed by ship from the East Coast of the United States to the Pacific Coast via the Isthmus of Panama , with two steamship routes operating: New York City to Chagres , Colombia on the Eastern side of the isthmus, and then a second route from Panama City , Colombia to Astoria, Oregon . That same year, William Henry Aspinwall secured
3745-592: The Northern cause. The company also received the SS Colorado , launched from the same shipyard as the SS California . By the end of the war (1865), under the new presidency, Pacific Mail purchased its competitor, Atlantic Mail Steamship Company, which at this point was providing service from New York to the Isthmus. This in turn meant that, at last, Pacific Mail was able to provide complete service from New York to
3852-488: The Pacific Mail. In 1902, Pacific Mail launched the SS Korea and SS Siberia , which were its first steel-hulled ships, followed by SS Manchuria and SS Mongolia in 1904. These ships were the largest and fastest passenger-freight ships in the Pacific, the latter two measuring more than 13,600 gross tons, larger than any other ship the company owned at the time. In 1912, Congress banned ships owned by railroads from using
3959-630: The Portuguese community in Benicia celebrates the feast of the Holy Ghost , continuing a devotion established by the Queen St. Isabel of Portugal , who was noted for her care for the poor. The festival starts with a parade to St. Dominic's Church followed by Mass , followed by an auction and a dance. The Holy Ghost Parade celebrated its centennial in Benicia in 2007. Benicia is an active sailing community. In addition to individual sailing out of
4066-485: The Shipping Board, which had previously been run by Pacific Mail. Dollar Shipping bid much lower than Pacific Mail for the ships—on the order of $ 1 million—but Pacific Mail's offer included stocks as well as cash. Thus, the Shipping Board declared that Pacific Mail was unable to meet the terms of tender, and awarded $ 30 million worth of ships to Dollar Shipping. This naturally caused troubles for Pacific Mail, and it
4173-539: The Solano Hotel, with flames briefly threatening the old state capitol, now a historical landmark. A roof fire was quickly extinguished and the structure was not badly damaged. Losses were estimated at $ 125,000. Two developments in the early 1960s would completely change Benicia: The closing of the Benicia Arsenal in 1960–64, and the completion of the Benicia–Martinez Bridge in 1962. The closing of
4280-854: The United Seamen's Service to the president, W. Bruce Seaton. The 1990s were a period of continued growth for APL. It still clung to the tradition of naming ships after U.S. presidents, and it had a fleet of 20 fully containerized ships at this point with a combined capacity of 20,000 TEUs. In 1990, APL had a special request for Union Pacific 3985 to pull a 143-car doublestack train between Cheyenne, Wyoming and North Platte, Nebraska . In 1991, APL started stack train service from Chicago to Mexico, serving Chrysler auto plants, as well as providing general service. The company also invested heavily in information technology , using this to keep track of its ever-growing fleet of trains, containers and ships. This has been continually upgraded ever since. In 1993,
4387-648: The West Coast via the Isthmus, without competition. In 1866, the Federal government of the United States awarded the first mail contract of $ 500,000 per annum between San Francisco and the Far East — namely Hong Kong via Japan and the Sandwich Islands (later known as the Hawaiian Islands )—to Pacific Mail. The SS Colorado was pulled from the original New York–San Francisco route to be used on
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4494-639: The age of 11, where he worked in a lumber camp . Following this, in 1893, he purchased his own sawmill on the Pacific Coast. Due to unreliable shipping timetables, he found it hard to ship his lumber from the Pacific Northwest down the coast towards California. Hence, in 1893 Dollar bought a 120-foot (37 m) steam schooner called Newsboy . This led to the establishment of the Dollar Steamship Company (commonly known as "Dollar Line") on August 12, 1900, which soon grew to have
4601-434: The age of 18 living in them, 5,668 (53.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,271 (11.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 480 (4.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 584 (5.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 102 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 2,628 households (24.6%) were made up of individuals, and 893 (8.4%) had someone living alone who
4708-418: The age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under
4815-435: The age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 67,617, and the median income for a family was $ 77,974 (these figures had risen to $ 84,025 and $ 102,889 respectively as of
4922-530: The age of 68, but Pacific Mail continued on, and soon began service to Australia and New Zealand. During the 1880s Pacific Mail modernized its ships with steel hulls, replacing the old iron vessels, and installed electric lighting by Thomas Edison on the SS Columbia , making it the first ship to have electrical power in the world. In 1893, the Southern Pacific Co. acquired control over
5029-495: The best hotels of the era, but by then the Great Depression had deepened and the ships carried only half their capacity on their maiden voyages. On May 16, 1932, Robert Dollar died at the age of 88 and was succeeded by his son, Robert Stanley Dollar. The company began a steady decline. The faltering Dollar companies were now faced with sharply increased operating costs. In December 1937 President Hoover ran aground off
5136-433: The biggest worldwide maritime trades with CSCL and UASC . In April 2015, the group acquired a strategic stake in LCL Logistix, a logistics leader in India, via its subsidiary CMA CGM LOG. In December 2015, CMA CGM Benjamin Franklin called at the Port of Los Angeles and thus became the largest vessel ever to call the United States. The container-ship, 1,300 ft (400 m) long and 177 ft (54 m) wide,
5243-501: The capital of Pacific Mail had increased from $ 400,000 to over $ 2 million. Pacific Mail also ordered four new ships, designed to meet the needs of trade to and from California, and opened ship depots at Panama City and Benicia, California . Aspinwall invested in the Panama Railroad Company , which would replace old wagon trails across the Isthmus, cutting travel time from four days to four hours. In 1852 George Law went into partnership with Aspinwall and developed its eastern terminal next to
5350-420: The captain sentenced to 9,000 HKD in fines (1,000 HKD for each vehicle) and 3 months of jail time (suspended for 1.5 years). In January 2017, container ship APL Denver collided with Wan Hai 301 , a ship belonging to Singapore, off Pasir Gudang Port in Johor, Malaysia. The accident occurred because APL Denver had crossed the path of Wan Hai 301 while it was moving through the separation scheme. APL Denver
5457-456: The city's public schools. Due to the railroad bridge opening in 1930, Benicia has no rail transit, but offers bus transportation through SolTrans and SolanoExpress , which service the Benicia Park and Ride, where connections are available to the Walnut Creek BART station. The Benicia–Martinez Bridge provides an automobile and rail link over Carquinez Strait, as well as bicycle and pedestrian lanes which opened in August 2009. Two blocks from
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#17327801796055564-464: The coast of Somalia. CMA CGM and its affiliates have been implicated in various arms-shipping incidents. As a result of CMA CGM's involvement in Iranian weapons smuggling, US congressmen have called on CMA CGM to be investigated and urged the US Treasury Department to consider levying sanctions against the shipper. The company has since implemented tighter procedures for accepting shipments bound for Iran, including scanning all containers destined for
5671-400: The company began work on the concept of seamless integrated intermodal service in the U.S. market: the idea of moving containerized goods via ship, train and truck under one company identity. By 1979, APL started the LinerTrain , a direct rail land-bridge service transporting containers from Los Angeles to New York using its own rail cars, leading to the most reliable delivery of containers of
5778-402: The company bought three new ships: the SS Adriatic , SS Atlantic and SS Baltic , all of which had formerly belonged to Collins Line . Competition from the other Atlantic steamship lines was fierce, however, and within a few years, the route on the Atlantic side was pulled. During the American Civil War (1861–65), Pacific Mail used its steamers to transport gold to the East Coast to support
5885-407: The company continued to increase its revenues, and entered a 30-year agreement with the Port of Los Angeles to open a new terminal, at a cost of $ 70 million. The next year, it almost doubled the size of its Seattle terminal as well, increasing it from 83 acres (340,000 m) to 160. The company became the first shipper to open a website in 1995, and offered online shipment transactions. In 1997,
5992-405: The company continued to modernize its fleet, with ever-larger and faster ships, all of which were outfitted for container transport. APL also started a door-to-door service, known as the Red Eagle service. Another initiative was to introduce larger container sizes: 45-foot (14 m) containers in 1982, 48-foot (15 m) containers in 1985 and 53-foot (16 m) containers in 1988. Also in 1988,
6099-404: The company developed post- Panamax vessels, those too large to transit the Panama Canal. These ships were 903 feet (275 m) long and 129 feet (39 m) wide, with the ability to carry 4,300 TEUs , a TEU being an arbitrary container unit 20 feet (6.1 m) long. All these developments led APL to be declared an industry leader in 1989, with the award of the "Admiral of the Ocean Sea Award" by
6206-498: The company from the government to his family. This case would last seven years, with the government continuing the operation of APL in the meantime. APL restarted its round-the-world passenger service, and launched the SS President Cleveland and SS President Wilson the next year, which were advertised as "your American hotel abroad." In the 1950s, the company again expanded, building more ships; 11 were built between 1952 and 1954. These included C-4 class cargo ships. Also,
6313-411: The company had the Sea Witch built, which set a speed record from China to New York that still stands. Clipper ships sacrificed cargo capacity for speed, but in some markets, the fast service allowed their owners to charge premium rates (e.g. tea from China tasted better if it was fresh, so the cargo on the first ship of the season to arrive in New York was worth more). Also, faster speed meant that
6420-592: The company has been making money again. In 2005, the company introduced the "Real-Time Locating System" using RFID tags , which accurately recorded the position of every container within the system, reducing delays and lost containers—APL's Global Gateway South terminal in Los Angeles now moves 1.65 million TEUs annually. In 2009, APL and other Neptune Orient business moved to a new headquarters in Singapore . Previously, APL had been based in Oakland, California . On June 10, 2016, APL and NOL became subsidiaries of CMA-CGM when over 90% of Singapore stocks were purchased by
6527-428: The company was bought by Neptune Orient Lines for $ 285 million, at a cost of $ 33.50 per share. In 1998, the APL vessel APL CHINA encountered a storm south of the Aleutian Islands. The losses to the cargo, with 388 containers going overboard and many others damaged as well as damage to the ship, initiated $ 50 million in lawsuit claims against APL. This may have been the largest maritime shipping loss in history. In 1999,
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#17327801796056634-431: The company's business moved via container. The increasing use of air travel meant that the company's passenger services had steadily been declining throughout the 1960s, and by 1973, the last APL liner, the SS President Wilson , completed her final round-the-world trip and was sold off. Also in 1973, American Mail Line was fully absorbed into APL, and its ships were subsequently given traditional "President" names. By 1971,
6741-555: The company's business. By 1961, the company had begun launching ships capable of container transport, the first two of these being the combination break-bulk - container vessels SS President Tyler and SS President Lincoln . Ports also began adapting to the new container-based system, although many potential customers were still wary. By the end of the decade, the company was still launching combination ships rather than fully cellular container ships as already employed by several U.S., British, European and Japanese lines, yet by 1969, 23% of
6848-427: The company's capital doubled, to $ 4 million, but the major turning point of his presidency of the company was in 1858, when Pacific Mail's contract with the government expired. At the same time, the contract of the U.S. Mail Steamship Company also expired. This company had been providing the ships for the New York to Panama route and went out of business in 1859. A through service was deemed necessary (and profitable), and
6955-468: The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad meant that the passenger traffic on the Panama route declined. In 1872, the U.S. government doubled the subsidy on mail transported by Pacific Mail, although it required the doubling of service and the modernization of the fleet. Therefore, in 1873, Pacific Mail took delivery of the first of 11 iron – hulled , screw-powered steamships, the City of Peking. In 1875, William Henry Aspinwall, died on January 18 at
7062-440: The concept. APL's cars were developed and manufactured by Thrall Car , while line-haul rail service was initially provided by the Union Pacific Railroad and Chicago and North Western Railway , and eventually by Conrail once track clearances were enlarged. Double-stacking containers greatly improved operating efficiency by reducing train length and the number of axles per container, thus saving fuel per ton-mile. Another benefit
7169-451: The construction of $ 30 million worth of ships in China, and in 1923 bought seven "502 President Type" liners from the U.S. Shipping Board , pioneering his round-the-world service, marked by the departure of President Harrison on January 5, 1924. These were all named after U.S. presidents , a tradition that Dollar Shipping continued until its end. This was followed up in 1925 by the purchase of eight more "535 President Type" liners from
7276-414: The container line. Later that year, CMA CGM subsidiary U.S. Lines as well as the transpacific business of ANL was consolidated into APL. In November 2016, the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department seized a shipment of nine Terrex APC vehicles, along with other equipment, belonging to the Singapore Armed Forces at the Kwai Tsing Container Terminal (formerly Kwai Chung Container Terminal). The shipment
7383-433: The country. CMA CGM has also ceased exporting from Iranian ports since November 2011. On 4 May 2017, the container ship CMA CGM Centaurus made heavy contact with the quay and two shore cranes while under pilotage during its arrival at Jebel Ali , United Arab Emirates . The accident resulted in the collapse of a shore crane and 10 injuries to shore personnel. On 20 January 2018, the container ship CMA CGM Washington
7490-405: The crew from Yusheng366 were rescued as they abandoned ship before she sank, while CMA CGM Norma suffered minor damages. On 6 April 2022, a fire broke out in a container on the ship's deck on the 6,552 TEU CMA CGM Rabelais . The vessel was en route to Nhava Sheva , India , after departing Singapore and was navigating the Malacca Straits , some 100km north-west of Port Klang , when the fire
7597-450: The debut of commercial operations. In September 2021, CMA CGM announced a partnership with fellow Breton-based operator Brittany Ferries . The partnership involves a €25 million investment, plus a CMA CGM representative joining Brittany Ferries' supervisory board. In May 2022, CMA CGM signed a strategic partnership with Air France-KLM to develop their air cargo capacities together. However, this partnership, implemented in April 2023,
7704-738: The east coast of Taiwan , and was written off as a constructive total loss . By 1938 The company was $ 7 million in debt, with interest increasing this by $ 80,000 per day. In June 1938 President Coolidge was arrested (seized under admiralty law) in San Francisco for a £35,000 unpaid debt. In August 1938, the United States Maritime Commission judged the Dollar Shipping Company unsound and assumed control over it, appointing William Gibbs McAdoo to succeed R. Stanley Dollar and Joseph R. Sheehan as
7811-426: The end of the offer. In June 2017, CMA CGM acquire Mercosul Line, a Brazilian shipping company specialized in multimodal door-to-door container transportation and logistics. In October 2018, CMA CGM finalized the acquisition of Finland-based container-transportation and logistics company Containerships. In April 2019, CMA CGM completed its public tender offer to acquire CEVA Logistics . With this acquisition,
7918-609: The ferry. One of the earliest companies in California, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company , established a major shipyard in Benicia in the 19th century. The prolific shipbuilder Matthew Turner formed the Matthew Turner Shipyard at Benicia in 1883. Benicia became an important wheat storage and shipping site. It was also the site of the United States Army 's Benicia Arsenal . On December 1, 1879,
8025-509: The many Liberty and Victory ships that were built. In 1944, an additional 16 ships were built specifically for APL, including SS President Buchanan , a Victory class vessel. At the end of the war in 1945, the company's assets were valued at $ 40 million. One of the APL ships in World War II still survives. SS Lane Victory is a Victory ship that is preserved as a museum ship in
8132-469: The merger and re-structure, CGM's liner services were managed in four distinct Trade Divisions, North America & Far East (AMNEO, for Amérique du Nord & Extrême Orient) which also managed the bulk and tanker fleets, South America & Caribbean (AMLAT), Pacific & Indian Ocean (PACOI) and Short Sea Trades (Cabotage). Separately, Jacques Saadé had created CMA in 1978 as an intra-Mediterranean liner service operator, based in Marseille . In 1996, CGM
8239-575: The new president of the line. The first item of business was an amendment to the corporate charter, renaming the line as "American President Lines". American Mail Line was also sold to tobacco magnate Richard J. Reynolds and reorganized as an independent company. With that the Dollar Steamship, a long potent force in American shipping, became part of maritime history. By 1940, the U.S. government had commissioned 16 new ships for APL, continuing
8346-582: The new route from San Francisco to China and Japan. The Colorado was outfitted with a mizzen mast and more coal storage for the voyage, and in 1867, became the first steamship to run a regular service across the Pacific Ocean, running from San Francisco to Yokohama , Japan and onward to Hong Kong. Pacific Mail also ordered four new ships to run on this route: the SS China , SS Japan , SS Great Republic and SS America. These ships were ordered at
8453-541: The newly formed American President Lines. In 1997, Singaporean shipping company Neptune Orient Lines (NOL) acquired APL, eventually moving APL's headquarters to Singapore. In 2016, CMA CGM acquired NOL, parent company of APL. Following the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848, the West Coast of the United States now extended from Puget Sound to San Diego . When the 29th United States Congress passed
8560-637: The rivalry was ended when an agreement was made between the companies, the U.S. Mail Steamship Company purchased the Pacific Mail steamers on the Atlantic side (SS Crescent City , SS Empire City , SS Philadelphia ), and George Law sold his ships and new line to the Pacific Mail. By 1850 Pacific Mail maintained a monopoly over the Panama-Oregon trade, helped by the purchase of two steamers from Empire City Line. Large numbers of prospective gold miners paying for passage to California had meant that by 1850,
8667-533: The ship was targeted in a suspected Iranian drone attack while in the Indian Ocean, en route from Jebel Ali , United Arab Emirates to Port Klang , Malaysia. The ship has an Israeli owner and the incident happened a short time before the 2023 Israel-Hamas ceasefire . [REDACTED] Media related to CMA CGM at Wikimedia Commons Benicia, California Benicia ( / b ə ˈ n iː ʃ ə / bə- NEE -shə , Spanish: [beˈnisja] )
8774-585: The shipping business as a partner in Howland & Aspinwall . Howland & Aspinwall operated some of the most famous clipper ships ever built. In 1845, while it already owned the Ann McKim , which was regarded as the fastest ship afloat, the firm built the Rainbow , which was even faster. The Rainbow is considered to be the first of the extreme clippers, which were the racehorses of the sea. The next year,
8881-453: The stack train franchise was sold off to Pacer, and is now known as Pacer Stacktrain. In the new millennium, the company's business began to falter. In 2001, parent company NOL reported losses of $ 57 million, followed by an amazing loss of $ 330 million in 2002. At this same time, APL's sales dropped from $ 3.8 billion in 2000 to $ 3.4 billion in 2002. Acting CEO Ron Widdows began a campaign of cost cutting and sped up decision making, and since 2003,
8988-488: The time. At the same time, the company built its three largest vessels to date: three C-9 class diesel-powered container ships, the first of which was the President Lincoln . In 1984, the company started StackTrain service, an idea following on from the successful LinerTrain venture. This involved using double-stack rail cars that could carry containers stacked one on top of another rather than carrying just
9095-455: The town's residential areas an oil refinery was built and completed in 1969 by Humble Oil (later Exxon Corporation ). The refinery was later bought by Valero Energy Corporation , a San Antonio -based oil company, in 2000. Between 1970 and 1995, the population of Benicia grew steadily at a rate of about 1,000 people per year, and the city changed from a poor, blue-collar town of 7,000 to a white-collar bedroom suburb of 27,000. According to
9202-665: The two companies between 1974 and 1977 to form Compagnie Générale Maritime, which was still owned by the French government and still run as a competitive business, although sometimes subject to political pressure, for instance on the selection of shipyards to build new ships. Compagnie Générale Maritime (CGM) operated as such from 1974 to 1996 when it was privatized by the French state under President Chirac and Prime Minister Alain Juppé . During these 22 years it operated freight and container liner services in various global trade lanes, as well as
9309-410: The use of containers had again increased; 58% of the company's business moved via container. During the early 1970s, the company converted many of its traditional break-bulk freight and combination ships into more efficient container-only ships, and ordered four new-built container ships. In 1977, however, the line pulled back from worldwide freight service to focus on purely trans-Pacific routes. In 1978,
9416-547: The vessel could complete more voyages in a given time period, which compensated for the diminished cargo capacity. When in 1850, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company established a competing line to the U.S. Mail Steamship Company between New York City and Chagres , George Law placed an opposition Pacific Line of steamers (SS Antelope , SS Columbus , SS Isthmus , SS Republic ) in the Pacific running from Panama City to San Francisco. In April 1851
9523-473: The wharf at Aspinwall , Columbia, then sold his interest in 1853. This line was completed in 1855, and coordination between steamships and this line meant the travel time from San Francisco to New York was cut to 21 days. In 1856, Aspinwall retired from the position of president of the Pacific Mail Company, with the former secretary, William H. Davidge, taking the presidency. Under his control,
9630-749: The world behind the Danish Maersk and the Swiss Mediterranean Shipping Company In May 2007, a consortium represented by CMA CGM completed its acquisition of Compagnie Marocaine de Navigation (Comanav) for a sum of €200 million. In July 2007, CMA CGM acquired Cheng Lie Navigation Corp. (CNC Line), Intra-Asia container line based in Taiwan. In 2014, CMA CGM signs the Ocean Three agreements. The group strengthens its offer by signing major agreements on
9737-411: The world's 521 commercial ports and operates 257 shipping lines . The history of CMA CGM can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century, when two major French shipping lines were created, respectively Messageries Maritimes (MM) in 1851 and Compagnie Générale Maritime (CGM) in 1855, soon renamed Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in 1861. Both companies were created partly with the backing of
9844-507: Was "the best natural site for a commercial city" in the region. In February 1848, first word of gold found at Sutter's Mill was leaked at a Benicia Tavern, thus starting the California Gold Rush . Benicia became a way station on the way to the Sierras. In March 1850, Benicia became one of the first incorporated cities in California , a month after Sacramento . Benicia was the original county seat of Solano County . The lower floor of
9951-484: Was 19,568 (72.5%) White , 1,510 (5.6%) African American , 135 (0.5%) Native American , 2,989 (11.1%) Asian , 102 (0.4%) Pacific Islander , 895 (3.3%) from other races , and 1,798 (6.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,248 persons (12.0%). The Census reported that 99.9% of the population lived in households and 0.1% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters. There were 10,686 households, out of which 3,617 (33.8%) had children under
10058-487: Was 42.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males. There were 11,306 housing units at an average density of 719.2 units per square mile (277.7 units/km ), of which 70.5% were owner-occupied and 29.5% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 72.2% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 27.7% lived in rental housing units. As of
10165-417: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52. There were 7,419 families (69.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.02. The population was spread out, with 6,317 people (23.4%) under the age of 18, 1,923 people (7.1%) aged 18 to 24, 6,087 people (22.5%) aged 25 to 44, 9,303 people (34.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,367 people (12.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
10272-566: Was California's capitol from February 11, 1853, to February 25, 1854. Soon after, the legislature was moved to the courthouse in Sacramento, which has remained the State capital ever since. The restored capitol is part of the Benicia Capitol State Historic Park , and is the only building remaining of the State's pre-Sacramento capitols. The original campus of Mills College was founded in Benicia in 1852 as
10379-400: Was created by permanently joining five cars in a set. This reduced the number of couplers, which reduced slack action . Slack is created in any train by the couplers between the cars being stretched and compressed, and in long, heavy trains this can be quite a powerful force. By reducing slack action, the damage caused to the freight transported in containers is also reduced. At the same time,
10486-486: Was discovered at about noon, local time. A spokesperson for vessel owner Danaos Corporation, said the master had “immediately implemented firefighting protocols” and emphasised that "the fire is still burning, but it is under control.” One crew member was injured during the firefighting operations, when he slipped and fell, breaking some ribs. On 3 July 2022, the Singaporean-flagged container ship APL Vanda
10593-571: Was heavily damaged, with at least 300 tonnes of oil spilled into the water near Pasir Gudang Port. Since October 2020, APL has focused exclusively on U.S. Government business - leaving CMA CGM as the sole brand in the transpacific. APL operates marine terminals at ten strategic points around the world. CMA CGM The name is an acronym of two predecessor companies, Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement ( CMA ) and Compagnie Générale Maritime ( CGM ), translating as "Maritime Freighting Company" and "General Maritime Company", respectively. The company
10700-493: Was inaugurated in Port of Long Beach on February 19. In July 2016 CMA CGM finalized its acquisition of Singapore-based NOL (Neptune Orient Lines) and its container line APL (American President Lines) after an all-cash offer of US$ 2.4 billion. The takeover is CMA CGM's largest acquisition and the purchase added 12 percent market share to the CMA CGM group. The Singapore Exchange Securities Trading suspended trading of NOL shares at
10807-548: Was named for the General's wife, Francisca Benicia Carillo de Vallejo , a member of the Carrillo family of California , a prominent Californio dynasty. The General intended that the city be named "Francisca" after his wife, but this name was dropped when the former city of "Yerba Buena" changed its name to "San Francisco," so her second given name was used instead. In his memoirs, William Tecumseh Sherman contended that Benicia
10914-696: Was on-route between Singapore and Suez as part of CMA CGM's Asia - North-Europe Fal 3 service, when it lost 55 loaded containers in the Indian Ocean whilst the vessel was facing heavy weather, just before entry to the Gulf of Aden according to CMA CGM. No injury was reported and all crew members were safe. The ship, which left Singapore on June 26, stopped on July 9 in Djibouti "to clear some damaged containers on deck before safely continuing its voyage." On 25 November 2023, US defense officials reported that
11021-568: Was on-route to Los Angeles , US , from Xiamen , China , when it experienced heavy waves in the North Pacific Ocean . The crew discovered that three bays, 54, 58 and 18, collapsed, which led to the loss of 137 containers and damage of another 85. On 24 December 2018, the container ship CMA CGM Norma was involved in a collision with the China-flagged general cargo ship Yusheng366 in the waters south of Hong Kong . All
11128-525: Was privatized and sold to Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement (CMA) to form CMA CGM. In 1998 the combined company purchased Australian National Line . In September 2005, CMA CGM acquired its French rival Delmas based in Le Havre from the Bolloré Group for €600 million. The acquisition was completed in early January 5, 2006. The resulting corporation became the third largest container company in
11235-531: Was seized because APL, which had been engaged by the Singapore military to handle the shipment, did not have the appropriate permits for the vehicles and equipment. In January 2017, it was announced that Hong Kong Customs would be returning the military equipment to Singapore, and that APL would be working with the Hong Kong authorities to ship the vehicles and related equipment back to Singapore. Commissioner of
11342-694: Was taken over by Dollar Shipping the same year, although Dollar had ordered his sons to begin buying stock of the company in 1920. In 1922 the Dollar Line also acquired the Admiral Oriental Line and renamed it the American Mail Line, making Dollar one of the most profitable shipping companies in the world. Dollar Line continued expanding its business in the late 1920s, buying five more "535 President Type" ships in 1926. In that year, Dollar Line carried over 45,000 passengers and had
11449-521: Was terminated by mutual agreement in January 2024 without change in the 9% stake acquired by CMA CGM in the Franco-Dutch airline group. In January 2024, a takeover offer for Wincanton plc was made. In March 2024 CMA CGM withdrew the offer. CMA CGM is 73% owned by Rodolphe Saadé and his family through Merit France SAS. The Turkish family-owned company Yildirim Holding has a 24% stake and French public sector investment bank Bpifrance has
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