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24-482: (Redirected from Dat ) [REDACTED] Look up dat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. DAT or Dat may refer to: Biology [ edit ] Direct agglutination test , any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibody Direct antiglobulin test, one of two Coombs tests Dopamine transporter or dopamine active transporter,

48-530: A blood transfusion. In antenatal care, the IAT is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn . The IAT can also be used for compatibility testing , antibody identification, RBC phenotyping, and titration studies. The indirect Coombs test is used to screen for antibodies in the preparation of blood for blood transfusion . The donor's and recipient's blood must be ABO and Rh D compatible. Donor blood for transfusion

72-691: A blood transfusion. The test detects antibodies against foreign red blood cells. In this case, serum is extracted from a blood sample taken from the patient. The serum is incubated with foreign red blood cells of known antigenicity . Finally, anti-human globulin is added. If agglutination occurs, the indirect Coombs test is positive. The two Coombs tests are based on anti-human antibodies binding to human antibodies, commonly IgG or IgM . These anti-human antibodies are produced by plasma cells of non-human animals after immunizing them with human plasma . Additionally, these anti-human antibodies will also bind to human antibodies that may be fixed onto antigens on

96-706: A membrane-spanning protein Education [ edit ] Dental Admission Test , taken by dental school candidates the US and Canada Design and Technology , school subject in primary and secondary school Technology [ edit ] .dat , computer filename extension, typically for a file considered to contain data dat (software) , a decentralized data tool for distributing data small and large. DAT Solutions , or Dial-A-Truck , provider of electronic transportation information Digital Audio Tape , an audio recording and playback medium Double acting tanker ,

120-569: A sample of the blood donor's RBCs. This is sometimes called cross-matching blood. The indirect Coombs test is used to screen pregnant women for IgG antibodies that are likely to pass through the placenta into the fetal blood and cause haemolytic disease of the newborn . The IAT is a two-stage test. (A cross match is shown visually in the lower half of the schematic as an example of an indirect Coombs test). Nonpatient, washed red blood cells (RBCs) with known antigens are incubated with patient serum containing unknown antibody content. If

144-521: A song written and recorded by Pluto Shervington DAT (newspaper) , a Kazakh news source Other [ edit ] Abbreviation for grammatical dative case Desk appearance ticket , a New York order to appear in criminal court Disaster Action Team , the local disaster response unit of the American Red Cross Drug action teams , involved in applying UK drugs policy Dolphin-assisted therapy , swimming with dolphins as

168-428: A therapy DAT (chemotherapy) is a regimen that consists of Daunorubicin, Ara-C (cytarabine) and Thioguanine Divergent Association Test (DAT) is a psychological creativity test See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing DAT All pages with titles beginning with DAT Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

192-588: A type of icebreaking tanker ship Dynamic Acceleration Technology , increases single-threaded performance on multi-core processors Dynamic Address Translation, IBM's term for virtual memory mapping: Virtual memory#History Transport [ edit ] DAT Danish Air Transport , an airline based in Vamdrup, Denmark DAT, the IATA code for Datong Yungang Airport in Shanxi Province, China DAT,

216-434: Is also screened for infections in separate processes. A blood sample from the recipient and a blood sample from every unit of donor blood are screened for antibodies with the indirect Coombs test. Each sample is incubated against a wide range of RBCs that together exhibit a full range of surface antigens (i.e. blood types ). The indirect Coombs test is used to test a sample of the recipient's serum for antibodies against

240-436: Is different from Wikidata Direct antiglobulin test The direct Coombs test is used to test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia , a condition where the immune system breaks down red blood cells , leading to anemia. The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to the surface of red blood cells. To perform the test, a blood sample is taken and the red blood cells are washed (removing

264-448: Is often done. The direct Coombs test is used clinically when immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (antibody-mediated destruction of RBCs) is suspected. A positive Coombs test indicates that an immune mechanism is attacking the patient's RBCs . This mechanism could be autoimmunity , alloimmunity or a drug-induced immune-mediated mechanism. (A memory device to remember that the DAT tests

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288-540: Is seen as agglutination . IgG antibodies are smaller and require assistance to bridge well enough to form a visual agglutination reaction. Reagents used to enhance IgG detection are referred to as potentiators. RBCs have a net negative charge called zeta potential which causes them to have a natural repulsion for one another. Potentiators reduce the zeta potential of RBC membranes. Common potentiators include low ionic strength solution (LISS), albumin , polyethylene glycol (PEG), and proteolytic enzymes . The Coombs test

312-511: The RBCs and is used to test infants for haemolytic disease of the newborn is: R h D isease ; R = RBCs, D = DAT.) The patient's RBCs are washed (removing the patient's own serum ) and then centrifuged with antihuman globulin (also known as Coombs reagent). If immunoglobulin or complement factors have been fixed on to the RBC surface in-vitro , the antihuman globulin will agglutinate

336-422: The blood plasma of pregnant women as part of antenatal care , and detection of antibodies for the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemias . Coombs tests are performed using RBCs or serum (direct or indirect, respectively) from venous whole blood samples which are taken from patients by venipuncture . The venous blood is taken to a laboratory (or blood bank), where trained scientific technical staff do

360-568: The Coombs tests. The clinical significance of the result is assessed by the physician who requested the Coombs test, perhaps with assistance from a laboratory-based hematologist . The direct Coombs test, also referred to as the direct antiglobulin test (DAT), is used to detect if antibodies or complement system factors have bound to RBCs surface antigens. The DAT is not required for pre-transfusion testing but may be carried out by some laboratories. Before transfusion, an indirect Coombs test

384-587: The ICAO code for Canadian airline Lynx Air DAT, the National Rail code for Datchet railway station in the county of Berkshire, UK Delta Air Transport , former Belgian airline Delivered at Terminal, a former Incoterms term whereby the seller pays all transport costs Media and entertainment [ edit ] Day After Tomorrow (band) , a 3-member J-pop band under the Avex label Dat (song) ,

408-457: The RBCs and the direct Coombs test will be positive. (A visual representation of a positive direct Coombs test is shown in the upper half of the schematic). The indirect Coombs test, also referred to as the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), is used to detect in-vitro antibody-antigen reactions. It is used to detect very low concentrations of antibodies present in a patient's plasma/serum prior to

432-632: The direct Coombs test and the indirect Coombs test. Coombs reagent is antihuman globulin . It is made by injecting human globulin into animals, which produce polyclonal antibodies specific for human immunoglobulins and human complement system factors. More specific Coombs reagents or monoclonal antibodies can be used. Both IgM and IgG antibodies bind strongly with their complementary antigens. IgG antibodies are most reactive at 37°C. IgM antibodies are easily detected in saline at room temperature as IgM antibodies are able to bridge between RBC's owing to their large size, efficiently creating what

456-995: The 💕 Not to be confused with Direct antiglobulin test . Medical diagnostic method Direct agglutination test Purpose test that uses whole organisms to find serum antibodies. A direct agglutination test ( DAT ) is any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibodies . The abbreviation, DAT, is most frequently used for the serological test for visceral leishmaniasis . References [ edit ] ^ Sundar S, Singh RK, Maurya R, et al. (2006). "Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg . 100 (6): 533–7. doi : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.08.018 . PMID   16325874 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_agglutination_test&oldid=1126885029 " Category : Blood tests Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

480-402: The indirect Coombs test will be positive. By diluting a serum containing antibodies the quantity of the antibody in the serum can be gauged. This is done by performing serial dilutions of the serum and finding the maximum dilution of test serum that is able to produce agglutination of relevant RBCs. Coombs reagent (also known as Coombs antiglobulin or antihuman globulin ) is used in both

504-439: The patient's plasma and unbound antibodies from the red blood cells) and then incubated with anti-human globulin ("Coombs reagent"). If the red cells then agglutinate , the test is positive, a visual indication that antibodies or complement proteins are bound to the surface of red blood cells and may be causing destruction of those cells. The indirect Coombs test is used in prenatal testing of pregnant women and in testing prior to

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528-417: The serum contains antibodies to antigens on the RBC surface, the antibodies will bind to the surface of the RBCs. The RBCs are washed three or four times with isotonic saline solution and then incubated with antihuman globulin. If antibodies have bound to RBC surface antigens in the first stage, RBCs will agglutinate when incubated with the antihuman globulin (also known Coombs reagent) in this stage, and

552-411: The surface of red blood cells (RBCs). In the appropriate test tube conditions, this can lead to agglutination of RBCs and allowing for visualisation of the resulting clumps of RBCs. If clumping is seen, the Coombs test is positive; if not, the Coombs test is negative. Common clinical uses of the Coombs test include the preparation of blood for transfusion in cross-matching , atypical antibodies in

576-465: The title DAT . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DAT&oldid=1198973059 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Direct agglutination test From Misplaced Pages,

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