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43-496: Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( / d oʊ b ə ˈ ʃ iː / doh-bə- SHEE ; French: [dobʃi] ; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian-American physicist and mathematician . She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression . Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance image-compression technology. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering ,

86-700: A master's degree like MSc, MPhil, MPhys or MSci. For research-oriented careers, students work toward a doctoral degree specializing in a particular field. Fields of specialization include experimental and theoretical astrophysics , atomic physics , biological physics , chemical physics , condensed matter physics , cosmology , geophysics , gravitational physics , material science , medical physics , microelectronics , molecular physics , nuclear physics , optics , particle physics , plasma physics , quantum information science , and radiophysics . The three major employers of career physicists are academic institutions, laboratories, and private industries, with

129-734: A Belgian scientist on the basis of work done before the age of 29. In 1992, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship and in 1993, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 1994, she received the American Mathematical Society Steele Prize for Exposition for her book, Ten Lectures on Wavelets , and was invited to give a plenary lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich. In 1997, she

172-621: A fellowship from the NFWO (Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek). Daubechies spent most of 1986 as a guest-researcher at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in New York. At Courant she made her best-known discovery: based on quadrature mirror filter -technology she constructed compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of processing, in this way enabling wavelet theory to enter

215-452: A minimum, the owner must possess a three-year bachelors or equivalent degree in physics or a related field and an additional minimum of six years' experience in a physics-related activity; or an Honor or equivalent degree in physics or a related field and an additional minimum of five years' experience in a physics-related activity; or master or equivalent degree in physics or a related field and an additional minimum of three years' experience in

258-565: A physics-related activity; a Doctorate or equivalent degree in Physics or a related field; or training or experience which, in the opinion of the Council, is equivalent to any of the above. Physicists may be a member of a physical society of a country or region. Physical societies commonly publish scientific journals, organize physics conferences and award prizes for contributions to the field of physics. Some examples of physical societies are

301-932: A practical basic tool of applied mathematics". She was awarded the Basic Research Award of the German Eduard Rhein Foundation as well as the NAS Award in Mathematics . In 2003, Daubechies was elected to the American Philosophical Society . In January 2005, Daubechies became the third woman since 1924 to give the Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecture sponsored by the American Mathematical Society. Her talk

344-416: A professional practice examination must also be passed. An exemption can be granted to a candidate that has practiced physics for at least seven years and provide a detailed description of their professional accomplishments which clearly demonstrate that the exam is not necessary. Work experience will be considered physics-related if it uses physics directly or significantly uses the modes of thought (such as

387-618: A program that helps women entering graduate studies in the mathematical sciences. She was the first woman to be president of the International Mathematical Union (2011–2014). She became a member of the Academia Europaea in 2015. Daubechies was born in Houthalen , Belgium, as the daughter of Simonne Duran (a criminologist) and Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer). She remembers that when she

430-545: A team of mathematicians and artists who collectively built the touring art and math installation known as Mathemalchemy . Daubechies has used mathematical techniques on multiple art restoration projects. Her team worked on restoring the Ghent Altarpiece , a massive fifteenth-century work of art consisting of 12 panels that are attributed to the brothers Hubert and Jan van Eyck . Daubechies and several colleagues developed new mathematical techniques to both reverse

473-706: Is part of the 2019 class of fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics . Daubechies was named the North American Laureate of 2019 L'Oréal-UNESCO International Award For Women in Science . Since 1998, the annual worldwide award recognizes five outstanding women in chemistry, physics, materials science, mathematics, and computer science. Also in 2019, she became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Daubechies received

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516-615: Is the Nobel Prize in Physics , awarded since 1901 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . National physical societies have many prizes and awards for professional recognition. In the case of the American Physical Society , as of 2023, there are 25 separate prizes and 33 separate awards in the field. Chartered Physicist (CPhys) is a chartered status and a professional qualification awarded by

559-520: Is the first woman to be the recipient of the award. Prize officials cited the pioneering work of Daubechies in wavelet theory and her "exceptional contributions to a wide spectrum of scientific and mathematical subjects" and noted that "her work in enabling the mobile smartphone revolution is truly symbolic of the era". Also in 2018, Daubechies was awarded the Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award ($ 440,000) for her work on wavelets. She

602-711: The American Physical Society , the Institute of Physics , with the oldest physical society being the German Physical Society . Murray Hill, New Jersey Murray Hill is an unincorporated community located within portions of both Berkeley Heights and New Providence , located in Union County , in the northern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey . It is the longtime central location of Bell Labs , having moved there in 1941 from nearby New York City . The first working transistor

645-697: The Institute of Physics . It is denoted by the postnominals "CPhys". Achieving chartered status in any profession denotes to the wider community a high level of specialised subject knowledge and professional competence. According to the Institute of Physics, holders of the award of the Chartered Physicist (CPhys) demonstrate the "highest standards of professionalism, up-to-date expertise, quality and safety" along with "the capacity to undertake independent practice and exercise leadership" as well as "commitment to keep pace with advancing knowledge and with

688-548: The Islamic medieval period , which saw the development of scientific methodology emphasising experimentation , such as the work of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) in the 11th century. The modern scientific worldview and the bulk of physics education can be said to flow from the scientific revolution in Europe, starting with the work of astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus leading to the physics of Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler in

731-614: The Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research in 2020. In 2023, she received the Wolf Prize in Mathematics . She was the first woman to receive this award. In 2024, Daubechies will receive an honorary Doctor of Sciences from University of Pennsylvania . In 1985, Daubechies met mathematician Robert Calderbank when he was on a three-month exchange visit from Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey to

774-559: The 1880s where he built a residence for his family and donated land to be used for a train station with the condition that the area be known as "Murray Hill". Businesses and organizations based in Murray Hill include: Mass transit to Murray Hill is available via the New Jersey Transit Gladstone Branch train line to the Murray Hill or Summit stations. Passengers heading to Bell Labs can take

817-579: The 19th century. Many physicists contributed to the development of quantum mechanics in the early-to-mid 20th century. New knowledge in the early 21st century includes a large increase in understanding physical cosmology . The broad and general study of nature, natural philosophy , was divided into several fields in the 19th century, when the concept of "science" received its modern shape. Specific categories emerged, such as "biology" and "biologist", "physics" and "physicist", "chemistry" and "chemist", among other technical fields and titles. The term physicist

860-873: The 2012 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences category (jointly with David Mumford ). Daubechies gave the Gauss Lecture of the German Mathematical Society in 2015. The Simons Foundation , a private foundation based in New York City that funds research in mathematics and the basic sciences, gave Daubechies the Math + X Investigator award, which provides money to professors at American and Canadian universities to encourage new partnerships between mathematicians and researchers in other fields of science. She

903-527: The Brussels-based mathematics division of Philips Research. They married in 1987. They have two children, Michael Calderbank and Carolyn Calderbank. Physicist Physicists can apply their knowledge towards solving practical problems or to developing new technologies (also known as applied physics or engineering physics ). The study and practice of physics is based on an intellectual ladder of discoveries and insights from ancient times to

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946-749: The National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is a 1992 MacArthur Fellow . She also served on the Mathematical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2011 to 2013. The name Daubechies is widely associated with the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal CDF wavelet . A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard. Her research involves

989-399: The approach to problem-solving) developed in your education or experience as a physicist, in all cases regardless of whether the experience is in academia, industry, government, or elsewhere. Management of physics-related work qualifies, and so does appropriate graduate student work. The South African Institute of Physics also delivers a certification of Professional Physicist (Pr.Phys). At

1032-520: The designation of Professional Engineer (P. Eng.). This designation was unveiled at the CAP congress in 1999 and already more than 200 people carry this distinction. To get the certification, at minimum proof of honours bachelor or higher degree in physics or a closely related discipline must be provided. Also, the physicist must have completed, or be about to complete, three years of recent physics-related work experience after graduation. And, unless exempted,

1075-459: The early 1600s. The work on mechanics , along with a mathematical treatment of physical systems, was further developed by Christiaan Huygens and culminated in Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation by the end of the 17th century. The experimental discoveries of Faraday and the theory of Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism were developmental high points during

1118-463: The effects of aging upon the artworks and untangle and remove the effects of past ill-fated conservation efforts. Using highly precise photographs and X-rays of the panels as well as various filtering methods, the team of mathematicians found an automatic way to detect the cracks caused by aging. They also were able to decipher the apparent text of the polyptych, which was attributed to Thomas Aquinas . Daubechies and her collaborators also contributed to

1161-756: The increasing expectations and requirements for which any profession must take responsibility". Chartered Physicist is considered to be equal in status to Chartered Engineer, which the IoP also awards as a member of the Engineering Council UK, and other chartered statuses in the UK. It is also considered a "regulated profession" under the European professional qualification directives. The Canadian Association of Physicists can appoint an official designation called Professional Physicist ( P. Phys. ), similar to

1204-1180: The largest employer being the last. Physicists in academia or government labs tend to have titles such as Assistants, Professors , Sr./Jr. Scientist, or postdocs . As per the American Institute of Physics , some 20% of new physics Ph.D.s holds jobs in engineering development programs, while 14% turn to computer software and about 11% are in business/education. A majority of physicists employed apply their skills and training to interdisciplinary sectors (e.g. finance ). Job titles for graduate physicists include Agricultural Scientist , Air Traffic Controller , Biophysicist , Computer Programmer , Electrical Engineer , Environmental Analyst , Geophysicist , Medical Physicist , Meteorologist , Oceanographer , Physics Teacher / Professor / Researcher , Research Scientist , Reactor Physicist , Engineering Physicist , Satellite Missions Analyst, Science Writer , Stratigrapher , Software Engineer , Systems Engineer , Microelectronics Engineer , Radar Developer, Technical Consultant, etc. The majority of Physics terminal bachelor's degree holders are employed in

1247-620: The present. Many mathematical and physical ideas used today found their earliest expression in the work of ancient civilizations, such as the Babylonian astronomers and Egyptian engineers , the Greek philosophers of science and mathematicians such as Thales of Miletus , Euclid in Ptolemaic Egypt , Archimedes of Syracuse and Aristarchus of Samos . Roots also emerged in ancient Asian cultures such as India and China, and particularly

1290-739: The primary school and was moved up a grade after only three months. After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt , she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at age 17. Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975. During the next few years, she visited the CNRS Center for Theoretical Physics in Marseille several times, where she collaborated with Alex Grossmann ; this work

1333-433: The private sector. Other fields are academia, government and military service, nonprofit entities, labs and teaching. Typical duties of physicists with master's and doctoral degrees working in their domain involve research, observation and analysis, data preparation, instrumentation, design and development of industrial or medical equipment, computing and software development, etc. The highest honor awarded to physicists

Ingrid Daubechies - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-648: The realm of digital signal processing . In July 1987, Daubechies joined Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey . In 1988, she published the result of her research on orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets in Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics . In 1991, Daubechies was appointed as a professor at Rutgers University in New Brunswick , where she taught in their mathematics department. She remained there through 1994. Daubechies moved to Princeton University in 1994, where she

1419-561: The restoration of the fourteenth-century Saint John Altarpiece by Francescuccio Ghissi in the North Carolina Museum of Art , applying some of the techniques they discovered working on the Ghent Altarpiece restoration. With this project the mathematicians used machine-learning algorithms to separate features. Daubechies received the Louis Empain Prize for Physics in 1984. It is awarded once every five years to

1462-519: The use of automatic methods from both mathematics, technology, and biology to extract information from samples such as bones and teeth. She also developed sophisticated image processing techniques used to help establish the authenticity and age of some of the world's most famous works of art, including paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Rembrandt . Daubechies is on the board of directors of Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE),

1505-406: Was a little girl and could not sleep, she did not count numbers, as one would expect from a child, but started to multiply numbers by two from memory. Thus, as a child, she already familiarized herself with the properties of exponential growth . Her parents found out that mathematical conceptions, such as cone and tetrahedron , were familiar to her before she reached the age of six. She excelled at

1548-728: Was active within the program in applied and computational mathematics. In 2004, she was named as the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor there. She was the first woman to become a full professor of mathematics at Princeton. In January 2011, Daubechies moved to Duke University to serve as the James B. Duke Professor in the department of mathematics and electrical and computer engineering at Duke University. In 2016, she and Heekyoung Hahn founded Duke Summer Workshop in Mathematics (SWIM) for rising high school seniors who were female. In 2020 and 2021 Daubechies, along with fiber artist Dominique Ehrmann, led

1591-1037: Was awarded the AMS Ruth Lyttle Satter prize. In 1998, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and won the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society . She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999. In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics , presented every four years for excellence in published mathematical research. The award honored her "for fundamental discoveries on wavelets and wavelet expansions and for her role in making wavelets methods

1634-746: Was coined by William Whewell (also the originator of the term "scientist") in his 1840 book The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . A standard undergraduate physics curriculum consists of classical mechanics , electricity and magnetism , non-relativistic quantum mechanics , optics , statistical mechanics and thermodynamics , and laboratory experience. Physics students also need training in mathematics ( calculus , differential equations , linear algebra , complex analysis , etc.), and in computer science . Any physics-oriented career position requires at least an undergraduate degree in physics or applied physics, while career options widen with

1677-472: Was demonstrated in Bell Labs' Murray Hill facility in 1947. The neighborhood shares its ZIP Code 07974 with the neighboring borough of New Providence. Murray Hill was named and founded by Carl H. Schultz, founder of a mineral water business once located on First Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets in the Murray Hill district of Manhattan . Schultz purchased a large tract of land there during

1720-676: Was on "The Interplay Between Analysis and Algorithm". Daubechies was the 2006 Emmy Noether Lecturer at the San Antonio Joint Mathematics Meetings . In September 2006, the Pioneer Prize from the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics was awarded jointly to Daubechies and Heinz Engl . In 2010, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) . In 2011, Daubechies

1763-943: Was the SIAM John von Neumann Lecturer , and was awarded the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal , the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research from the American Mathematical Society , and the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering from the Franklin Institute . In 2012, King Albert II of Belgium granted Daubechies the title of Baroness. She also won the 2012 Nemmers Prize in Mathematics awarded by Northwestern University , and

Ingrid Daubechies - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-495: Was the basis for her doctorate in quantum mechanics . She obtained her PhD in theoretical physics in 1980 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. After completing her doctorate, Daubechies continued her research career at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel until 1987, rising through the ranks to positions roughly equivalent with research assistant-professor in 1981 and research associate-professor 1985, funded by

1849-565: Was the one to suggest to Simons that the foundation should fund better mechanisms for interpreting existing data, rather than new research. Also in 2015, Daubechies was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to the mathematics and applications of wavelets". In 2018, Daubechies won the William Benter Prize in Applied Mathematics from City University of Hong Kong (CityU). She

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