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21-599: Dae Joyeong was the first son of general Dae Jung-sang , who was also known as Sari Geolgeol Jungsang ( 사리걸걸중상 ; 舍利乞乞仲象 ) or Dae Geolgeol Jungsang ( 대걸걸중상 ; 大乞乞仲象 ). Historical sources give different accounts of Dae Joyeong's ethnicity and background. Among the official dynastic history works, the New Book of Tang refers to Dae Joyeong and his state as Sumo Mohe (related to Jurchens and later Manchus ) affiliated with Goguryeo . The Old Book of Tang also states Dae's ethnic background as Mohe but adds that he

42-700: A means of cementing their own legitimacy. As a result, during the Later Jin dynasty of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period , a history of the preceding Tang dynasty, the Old Book of Tang ( 唐書 ) had already been compiled. In 1044, however, Emperor Renzong of Song ordered a new compilation of Tang history, based on his belief that the original Old Book of Tang lacked organization and clarity. The process took 17 years, being finally completed in 1060. The New Book of Tang differed dramatically from

63-505: A much expanded series of Treatises ( 志 ), including topics on the horse trade with Tibet and military affairs, and a table of the bureaucratic hierarchy of the Tang administration which was missing from the old Old Book of Tang . Another feature which was revived was the use of "tables" ( 表 ), annalistic tables of events and successions which included not just the emperors themselves but also chancellors and jiedushi . The style of prose in

84-558: A now-lost Sillan record. Alexander Kim considers this unlikely since Goguryeo fell in 668 while Dae died in 719, and young men could not receive the rank of general. In 696, the Khitan led a revolt that killed the cruel governor of the protectorate and gave Yingzhou back to the Khitan. Dae Jung-sang allied with the Baishan Mohe leader Geolsa Biu ( Korean :  걸사비우 ; Hanja :  乞四比羽 pinyin : Qǐsì bǐyǔ), and

105-571: A now-lost Sillan record. Alexander Kim considers this unlikely since Goguryeo fell in 668 while Dae died in 719, and young men could not receive the rank of general. The Wu Zhou killed Geolsa Biu, and Dae Jung-sang also died. Dae Joyeong integrated the armies of Goguryeo people and some Mohe (Malgal) tribes and resisted Wu Zhou's attack. His victory over the Wu Zhou at the Battle of Tianmenling enabled him to expand his father's empire and claimed himself

126-494: Is held annually in Balhae Village, North Gyeongsang Province in order to commemorate the achievements of Dae Jo-yeong. The Gyeongsan City mayor participates in the event, which is open for public participation. Dae Jung-sang Dae Jung-sang (?–698?), also known as Geolgeol Jungsang , was a key contributor to the founding of Balhae , and the father of Dae Jo-yeong , the actual founder of Balhae. Though much of

147-570: The New Book also differed, because Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi were both admirers of the simplified, 'ancient' prose style of Tang scholars such as Han Yu , rather than the flowery prose style found in official Tang documents. This led them to change the original wordings in the documents that they quoted in the book. However, in the reduction, the direct use of Tang court records was lost, some reduced passages were unclear, and many errors were introduced in attempting to find more 'ancient' words to rephrase

168-600: The "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the Song dynasty , led by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi . It was originally simply called the Tangshu (唐書, Book of Tang ) until the 18th century. In Chinese history, it was customary for dynasties to compile histories of their immediate predecessor as

189-689: The King of Jin (Zhen) in 698. He established his capital at Dongmo Mountain in the south of today's Jilin province , and built a fortress, which was to become Zhen (Jin) kingdom's capital. He attempted to expand his influence in foreign politics involving the Tang/ Wu Zhou, the Göktürks , the Khitan, Silla and some independent Mohe tribes. At first he dispatched an envoy to the Göktürks, allying against Tang/ Wu Zhou. Then he reconciled himself with

210-504: The Tang originals. The annals of the Tang emperors are covered in volumes 1–10. Wilkinson notes that the annals in the New Book of Tang are considerably shorter than the Old Book of Tang . The treatises are contained in volumes 11 through 60. As noted above the treatises are greatly expanded compared with the Old Book of Tang . The section on Rites and Music ( 禮樂 ) is the largest occupying 12 volumes (11-22). The New Book of Tang

231-448: The Tang when Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne. In 712, he renamed his empire Balhae . In 713, he was given the titular title of "Prince of Commandery of Bohai (Balhae)" (渤海郡王) by Emperor Xuanzong . After a period of rest within the empire, King Go made it clear that Silla was not to be dealt with peacefully because they had allied with Tang to destroy Goguryeo, the predecessor of Balhae. This aggressive stance towards Silla

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252-558: The credit for the founding of Balhae went to his son, many historians still give credit to Dae Jung-sang as the main supporter and leader in the founding of Balhae. Historical sources give different accounts of the ethnicity and background of Dae Jung-sang's son, Dae Joyeong. Among the official dynastic history works, the New Book of Tang refers to Dae Joyeong and his state as Sumo Mohe (related to Jurchens and later Manchus ) affiliated with Goguryeo. The Old Book of Tang also states Dae's ethnic background as Mohe but adds that he

273-454: The neighboring tribes both by diplomatic and military force. The people of Goguryeo were subject to diplomatic power and voluntarily recognized him as their leader. According to New Book of Tang , Wu Zetian created Dae as Duke of Zhen (Jin), Geolsa Biu as Duke of Xu (Heo), and pardon their crimes. Geolsa Biu refused the title and Wu sent general Li Kaigu to suppress the rebellions. Geolsa died in Battle of Tianmenling , Dae Jo-yeong led

294-509: The older version in its organization and contents, in part due to the literary and philosophical inclinations of its chief compilers. Ouyang Xiu frequently invoked the principle of reason in evaluating historical accounts, and purged all accounts containing elements of myth or superstition, thereby dramatically shortening many of the biographies of emperors and major figures. In contrast, the New Book of Tang included several new sections of more practical interest to Tang history. These included

315-529: The others in victorious against Li. Dae Jung-sang died from sickness after the battle. The most notable and famous of his children was his eldest, Dae Jo-yeong. Dae Jung-sang had another son, Dae Ya-bal ( 대야발 ), and probably also had other children besides Dae Jo-yeong because the Balhae Royal line consisted of two lineages, one from Dae Jo-yeong and the other from Dae Ya-bal. New Book of Tang The New Book of Tang , generally translated as

336-642: The surname Tae , or Dae . In South Korea, a television drama on KBS1 was launched since September 2006 in his honor. Roughly 30% (based on 2007 survey) of the South Korean viewers enjoyed this programme. The third Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyer commissioned by the Republic of Korea Navy is named Dae Joyeong . KDX-II class destroyers are named after significant figures in Korean history such as admiral Yi Sun-sin . The Chunbun Ancestral Rite

357-515: The two powers opposed the Tang influence in 698. The two leaders resisted the Tang's attack, but were forced to retreat. Both Geolsa Biu, and Dae Jung-sang died in battle, but Dae Jo-yeong led the remaining Goguryeo and Malgal soldiers and defeated the Tang army at the Battle of Tianmenling (Cheonmunryeong) and established the Balhae . The state was created by the leader of the Mohe people, who subjugated

378-460: Was "高麗別種" ( gaoli biezhong ). The term is interpreted as meaning "a branch of the Goguryeo people" by South and North Korean historians, but as "distinct from Goguryeo" by Japanese and Chinese researchers. The Samguk yusa , a 13th-century collection of Korean history and legends, describes Dae as a Sumo Mohe leader. However, it gives another account of Dae being a former Goguryeo general, citing

399-402: Was "高麗別種" ( gaoli biezhong ). The term is interpreted as meaning "a branch of the Goguryeo people" by South and North Korean historians, but as "distinct from Goguryeo" by Japanese and Chinese researchers. The Samguk yusa , a 13th-century collection of Korean history and legends, describes Dae as a Sumo Mohe leader. However, it gives another account of Dae being a former Goguryeo general, citing

420-524: Was continued on by his son and successor King Mu of Balhae . Dae Joyeong died in 719, and his son Dae Muye assumed the throne. Dae Joyeong was given the posthumous name "King Go." After the fall of Balhae, Dae Gwang-hyeon , the last prince led many of the Balhae aristocracy into the Korean state, thus unifying the two successor states of Goguryeo. Dae Joyeong's descendants include modern-day Koreans who bear

441-788: Was the first of the standard histories to include a treatise on selecting and appointing officials ( 選擧志 ). This included a description of the examination system, which had become an increasingly important aspect of recruiting officials in the Tang, especially after 780. The tables are contained in volumes 61–75. Four biographies of women appear in this new book that were not present in the first Old Book of Tang . The women kill or maim themselves in horrible ways, and represent examples of Tang dynasty women that were intended to deter contemporary readers from extreme behavior. For example, Woman Lu gouges her own eye out to assure her ailing husband that there will be no second man after him. Biographies of 35 overly filial and fraternal men are also included in

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