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19-609: They are genealogically related to the other Samaale , but in particular to the Garjante, Gaalje'el, Garre, Masare, Isa (Saransor) and 'Awrmale, with which they share the same ancestor Gardhere Samaale . When Arthur Donaldson Smith traveled through what is now Bare woreda in 1895, he found that the Degodia were neighbors of the Majertein Afgab clan (whom they were at endless war with), their territory stretching east to

38-598: A post-Islamic paternal Arabian origin for the majority of the ethnicity. The majority of Somalis have a TMRCA between 4,000-2,000 years before present in the Bronze Age . The claimed descent of Samaale from the Banu Hashim is as follows: Samaale was the son of Hill, the son of Muhammad Yow, the son of Muhammad Abd al-Rahman, the son of Aqil , the son of Abu Talib (paternal uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ),

57-401: A pupil could render the same subject or theme in a myriad of ways. For the mature author, this principle offered a set of tools to rework source texts into a new creation. In short, the quadripartita ratio offered the student or author a ready-made framework, whether for changing words or the transformation of entire texts. Since it concerned relatively mechanical procedures of adaptation that for

76-411: A short definition is placed here for convenience. Some of those listed may be considered rhetorical devices , which are similar in many ways. Schemes are words or phrases whose syntax, sequence, or pattern occurs in a manner that varies from an ordinary usage. Tropes are words or phrases whose contextual meaning differs from the manner or sense in which they are ordinarily used. Using these formulas,

95-735: A system, is the Rhetorica ad Herennium , of unknown authorship, where they are called πλεονασμός ( pleonasmos —addition), ἔνδεια ( endeia —omission) , μετάθεσις ( metathesis —transposition) and ἐναλλαγή ( enallage —permutation). Quintillian then mentioned them in Institutio Oratoria . Philo of Alexandria also listed them as addition ( πρόσθεσις— prosthesis ), subtraction ( ἀφαίρεσις— afairesis ), transposition ( μετάθεσις— metathesis ), and transmutation ( ἀλλοίωσις— alloiosis ). Figures of speech come in many varieties. The aim

114-429: Is something joined together'. One of multiple possible tables used by scholars to sketch the main outlines of Somali clan genealogy is as follows: Figure of speech A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that intentionally deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a rhetorical or intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In

133-502: Is the source of the ethnonym Somali . As the purported ancestor of most pastoralist clans living in the northern part of Somalia , Samaale lies at the basis of the largest and most widespread Somali lineage (the second largest lineage belonging to Samaale's brother Sab , the purported progenitor of most southern, cultivating clans). The main branches of the Samaale clan are the Dir ,

152-465: Is to use the language imaginatively to accentuate the effect of what is being said. A few examples follow: Scholars of classical Western rhetoric have divided figures of speech into two main categories: schemes and tropes . Schemes (from the Greek schēma , 'form or shape') are figures of speech that change the ordinary or expected pattern of words. For example, the phrase, "John, my best friend" uses

171-963: The Hawiye , the Isaaq , the Darod , and the 'pre-Hawiya' group (containing the Gardere , the Yakabur , and the Mayle ). Both the Samaale and the Sab claim to be ultimately descended from the Arab clan of the Quraysh through Aqil ibn Abi Talib ( c.  580 – 670 or 683 ), a cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and older brother of Ali . Although these claims of descent are historically untenable, they do reflect

190-516: The Weyib and Dawa Rivers . So far there are 12 Wabars who served the community: 1. Wabar Cuudow 2. Wabar Amiin 3. Wabar Ali 4. Wabar Omar 5. Wabar Caalin 6. Wabar Abdi 7. Wabar Omar 8. Wabar Ali 9. Wabar Hassan 10. Wabar Osman 11. Wabar Abdi 12. Wabar Abdille (incumbent) The Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology 's Conflict analysis in Bakool and Bay, South-western Somalia (2004) shows

209-520: The British anthropologist and Somali Studies veteran Ioan M. Lewis , the traditions of descent from noble Arab families related to Muhammad embraced by most Somali clans are most probably figurative expressions of the importance of Islam in Somali society. The paternal genetics of ethnic Somalis are inconsistent with a post-Islamic common TMRCA (time to most recent common ancestor) and with

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228-492: The Essay wrote: "Rhetoricians have catalogued more than 250 different figures of speech , expressions or ways of using words in a nonliteral sense." For simplicity, this article divides the figures between schemes and tropes, but does not further sub-classify them (e.g., "Figures of Disorder"). Within each category, words are listed alphabetically. Most entries link to a page that provides greater detail and relevant examples, but

247-591: The conjunction typically would appear only before the last element, as in "Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!"—emphasizing the danger and number of animals more than the prosaic wording with only the second "and". An example of a trope is the metaphor , describing one thing as something it clearly is not, as a way to illustrate by comparison, as in "All the world's a stage." Classical rhetoricians classified figures of speech into four categories or quadripita ratio : These categories are often still used. The earliest known text listing them, though not explicitly as

266-411: The distinction between literal and figurative language , figures of speech constitute the latter. Figures of speech are traditionally classified into schemes , which vary the ordinary sequence of words, and tropes , where words carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify. An example of a scheme is a polysyndeton : the repetition of a conjunction before every element in a list, whereas

285-463: The following clan tree for the Degoodi: - Samaale This Kenya related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Samaale This is an accepted version of this page Samaale , also spelled Samali or Samale ( Somali : Samaale ) is traditionally considered to be the common forefather of several major Somali clans and their respective sub-clans. His name

304-504: The longstanding cultural contacts between Somalia (especially, though not exclusively, its most northern part Somaliland ) and Southern Arabia . The progenitor Samaale is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali . Others state that the word Somali is derived from the words soo and maal , which together mean "go and milk"—a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people . Another etymology proposes that

323-647: The scheme known as apposition . Tropes (from Greek trepein , 'to turn') change the general meaning of words. An example of a trope is irony, which is the use of words to convey the opposite of their usual meaning ("For Brutus is an honorable man; / So are they all, all honorable men"). During the Renaissance , scholars meticulously enumerated and classified figures of speech. Henry Peacham , for example, in his The Garden of Eloquence (1577), enumerated 184 different figures of speech. Professor Robert DiYanni, in his book Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and

342-474: The son of Abd al-Muttalib (paternal grandfather of Muhammad). Samaale's father Hill is also thought of as the father of Sab, the progenitor of most southern Somali clans (most notably the Rahanweyn ). Constructing and reconstructing genealogical tables according to changing political and economical alliances is an important part of Somali culture, epitomized by the saying tol waa tolane , meaning 'clan

361-568: The term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" ( zāwamāl ), again referring to Somali riches in livestock. Just like the descendants of the other main Somali clan progenitor Sab , the clans tracing their lineage to Samaale claim that their forefather was himself a descendant of the Arab Banu Hashim clan (a sub-clan of the Quraysh ), through Aqil ibn Abi Talib , a cousin of Muhammad and older brother of Ali . According to

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