19-747: Dena (in Luri and Persian : دنا ) is the name for a sub-range within the Zagros Mountains , Iran. Mount Dena, with 80 km (50 miles) length and 15 km (49,000 ft) average width, is situated on the boundary of the Isfahan , Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces of Iran . Mount Dena has more than 40 peaks higher than 4,000 metres (13,000 feet). Annual precipitation in Mount Dena ranges from 600 to 1,800 mm (24 to 71 in). Geologically, Mount Dena
38-504: A group the second largest language in the Lorestan province (around 25% of the population), mainly spoken in the eastern counties of the province ( Khoramabad , Dorud , Borujerd ). In the Ilam province (around 14.59% of the population) it is mostly spoken in villages in the southern parts of the province. Around 21.24% of Hamadan province speak Northern Luri. The Bakhtiari dialect
57-595: A notable Lur population in Bahrain, and Kuwait, carrying the “Bushehri” surname, among others, such as the "Safar" family who are claimed to be Bakhtiari Lurs . Lurs are a mixture of aboriginal Iranian tribes, originating from Central Asia and the pre-Iranic tribes of western Iran, such as the Kassites (whose homeland appears to have been in what is now Lorestan ) and Gutians . In accordance with geographical and archaeological matching, some historians argue that
76-534: A result of Reza Shah's toppling in 1941 and the period of less effective rule during the early years of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 's reign. In 1986, at the time of the publication of Vladimir Minorsky 's entry on the Lurs in the 2nd edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam , a sizeable portion of the Lurs and Bakhtiaris were still living that way of life. The authority of tribal elders remains a strong influence among
95-455: Is located in the Sanandaj - Sirjan geologic and structural zone of Iran and is mainly made of Cretaceous limestone . On 18 February 2018, Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 crashed into Mount Dena, killing all 60 passengers and 6 crew members on board. Luri language Luri ( Northern Luri : لری , Southern Luri : لری ) is a Southwestern Iranian language continuum spoken by
114-464: Is the inchoative marker (see below), though even this is found in Judeo-Persian texts". The Bakhtiāri dialect may be closer to Persian. There are two distinct languages, Greater Luri ( Lor-e bozorg ), a.k.a. Southern Luri (including Bakhtiari dialect), and Lesser Luri ( Lor-e kuček ), a.k.a. Northern Luri. Luri dialects (Northern Luri (or Central Luri), Shuhani and Hinimini) are as
133-722: Is the main first language in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (around 61.82%), except around Sharekord , Borujen , Ben and Saman counties, where Persian, Turkic and Chaharmahali dialect predominate. Around 7.15% of Isfahan province speak Bakhtiari. The language consists of Central Luri, Bakhtiari , and Southern Luri. Central Luri is spoken in northern parts of Luri communities including eastern, central and northern parts of Luristan province, southern parts of Hamadan province mainly in Malayer , Nahavand and Tuyserkan counties, southern regions of Ilam province and southeastern parts of Markazi province . Bakhtiari
152-584: Is used by Bakhtiari people in South Luristan , Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, significant regions in north and east of Khouzestan and western regions of Isfahan province . Finally, Southern Luri is spoken throughout Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, and in western and central regions in Fars province , northern and western parts of Bushehr province and southeastern regions of Khouzestan . Several Luri communities are spread sporadically across
171-602: The Encyclopaedia of Islam , the Lurs revere bread and fire like the Zoroastrians . Recent reports also indicate a growing Zoroastrian religious movement, particularly among Bakhtiari Lurs. Luri is a Western Iranian language continuum spoken by about four million people. The continuum constitutes the three dialects of Bakhtiari , Luristani and Southern Luri which linguist Anonby situates between Kurdish and Persian . There are several established branches of
190-510: The Bakhtiari , Mamasani , Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language . Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but some Lurs live in other provinces including Fars , Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari , Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad , Khuzestan , Hamadan , Isfahan , Tehran southern Ilam Province , and Genaveh county in Bushehr province . There is
209-774: The Elamites were the Proto-Lurs, whose language became Iranian only in the Middle Ages. The distinctive characteristics of the Lur dialects imply that they were Iranized by Persis rather than Media . The history of the Lurs is closely linked with the dynasties that ruled in Khuzestan , Shiraz , Isfahan , Hamadan and in the Zagros Mountains . The Buyid dynasty is known to have produced coins at Izeh . In 935, they marched their forces through Lorestan. The Karkheh River
SECTION 10
#1732775395952228-1071: The Iranian Plateau e.g. Khorasan (Beyranvand and Bakhtiari Luri descendants), Kerman , Guilan and Tehran provinces. In comparison with other Iranian languages , Luri has been less affected by foreign languages such as Arabic and Turkic . Nowadays, many ancient Iranian language characteristics are preserved and can be observed in Luri grammar and vocabulary. According to diverse regional and socio-ecological conditions and due to longtime social interrelations with adjacent ethnic groups especially Kurds and Persians , different dialects of Luri, despite mainly common characteristics, have significant differences. The northern dialect tends to have more Kurdish loanwords inside and southern dialects ( Bakhtiari and Southern Luri) have been more exposed to Persian loanwords. Lurs The Lurs or Lors ( Persian : لر ) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran . The four Luri branches are
247-671: The Lurs , an Iranian people native to Western Asia . The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian and are Central Luri, Bakhtiari , and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Bakhtiari and the Northern and Southern Lurs ( Lorestan , Ilam , Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad , Mamasani , Sepidan , Bandar Ganaveh , Bandar Deylam ) in Iran . Luri is the closest living language to Archaic and Middle Persian. The language descends from Middle Persian (Parsig). It belongs to
266-681: The Persid or Southern Zagros group , and is lexically similar to modern Persian, differing mainly in phonology. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica , "All Lori dialects closely resemble standard Persian and probably developed from a stage of Persian similar to that represented in Early New Persian texts written in Perso-Arabic script. The sole typical Lori feature not known in early New Persian or derivable from it
285-455: The Luri language. Considering their NRY variation, the Lurs are distinguished from other Iranian groups by their relatively elevated frequency of Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b (specifically, of subclade R1b1a2a-L23). Together with its other clades, the R1 group comprises the single most common haplogroup among the Lurs. Haplogroup J2a (subclades J2a3a-M47, J2a3b-M67, J2a3h-M530, more specifically)
304-531: The arrival of the Atabegs , was unaffected by any outside attempts to conquer Lorestan or seize portions of its land. The new Iranian monarch Reza Shah ( r. 1925–1941 ) brought the Bakhtiari lands into the normal system of Iranian government, which included forcibly making semi-nomadic tribesmen settle. The semi-nomadic way of life that many Bakhtiaris and Lurs were familiar with, however, returned as
323-481: The most distinctive ethno-cultural characteristics of this ethnic group. Many Lurs are small-scale agriculturists and shepherds. A few Lurs are also traveling musicians. Luri textiles and weaving skills are highly esteemed for their workmanship and beauty. Most Lurs are Shia Muslim. Historically, many Lurs adhered to Yarsanism but almost the whole Yarsani Luri population has converted to Shia Islam. A small Sunni Muslim community of Lurs also exists. According to
342-460: The nomadic population. It is not as dominant among the settled urban population. As among Kurds , Lur women have much greater freedom than women in other groups within the region. The women have more freedom to participate in different social activities, to wear diverse types of female clothing and to sing and dance in different ceremonies. Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari is a notable Luri woman. Luri music , Luri clothing and Luri folk dances are some of
361-657: Was later controlled by the Hasanwayhid dynasty , who used Sarmadj as their capital. In c. 1009 , they conquered Shapur-Khwast ( Khorramabad ). In 1042, the Seljuk Empire besieged Shapur-Khwast, then ruled by the Kakuyid dynasty . Between 1152 and 1174/75, Lorestan and some of Khuzestan was controlled by a Turkic lord named Husam al-Din Shuhla. The tribal structure of the Lurs, whose development culminated with
#951048