57-662: Denis Daly may refer to: Denis Daly (Galway politician) (1748–1791), Irish landowner and politician, MP for County Galway, 1783–1792 Denis Daly (Kerry politician) (died 1965), member of the Dáil, 1933–1937 Denis Daly (judge) (c. 1638–1721), Irish judge and Privy Councillor Denis Bowes Daly (c. 1745–1821), Irish politician Denis St George Daly (1862–1942), Irish polo player Denis Daly (hurler) (1876–1947), Irish hurler See also [ edit ] Dennis Daly , South African cricketer [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
114-461: A Member of Parliament (MP) in Westminster from 1805 to 1820. He has been described as a superb orator and a romantic. With generous enthusiasm he demanded that Ireland should be granted its rightful status, that of an independent nation, though he always insisted that Ireland would remain linked to Great Britain by a common crown and by sharing a common political tradition. Grattan opposed
171-545: A different class of men, and ruled by politicians with very different views", the rump of the Volunteer movement entered upon "a career which terminated only in the establishment of the United Irishmen "). Grattan also opposed the policy of protective duties in favour of Pitt 's commercial propositions in 1785 for establishing Free Trade between Great Britain and Ireland. This, however, had to be abandoned owing to
228-482: A measure for increasing the powers of the executive to deal with Irish disorder. Roman Catholic emancipation, which he continued to advocate with unflagging energy, though now advanced in age, became complicated after 1808 by the question whether a veto on the appointment of Roman Catholic bishops should rest with the crown. Grattan supported the veto, but a more radical Catholic party was now arising in Ireland under
285-449: A paternal solicitude; I have traced her progress from injuries to arms, and from arms to liberty. Spirit of Swift, spirit of Molyneux, your genius has prevailed! Ireland is now a nation!" However, the parliamentary register for that sitting contains no record of these lines meaning Grattan most likely altered the speech in later years. After a month of negotiation, the claims of Ireland were conceded. The gratitude of his countrymen to Grattan
342-592: A section of the Roman Catholics to form the United Irishmen organisation, promoting revolutionary ideas imported from France ; and a party prepared to welcome a French invasion soon came into existence. Thus stimulated, the increasing disaffection culminated in the 1798 rebellion . The Presbyterian-Catholic rebellion in Ulster was accompanied by outbreaks elsewhere, notably in County Wexford . Grattan
399-559: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Denis Daly (Galway politician) Denis Daly (1748 – 10 October 1791) of Carrownakelly and Dunsandle Castle , Loughrea , County Galway , was an Irish landowner and politician . His father was James Daly of Carrownakelly and Dunsandle Castle in County Galway, and his mother was Catherine Gore, daughter of Sir Ralph Gore, 4th Baronet and his second wife Elizabeth Ashe. He
456-855: The Act of Union 1800 that merged the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain , but later sat as a member of the united Parliament in London . Henry Grattan was born in Fishamble Street , Dublin , and baptised in the nearby church of St. John the Evangelist in 1746. A member of the Anglo-Irish elite of Protestant background, Grattan was the son of James Grattan MP, of Belcamp Park , County Dublin and Mary, youngest daughter of Thomas Marlay , Attorney-General of Ireland , Chief Baron of
513-657: The Cromwellian Settlement , and his son Thomas felt it necessary to conform to the Church of Ireland in 1717. The Grattans had two sons and two daughters. The sons were James Grattan of Tinnehinch, MP for County Wicklow , and Henry Grattan (junior) of Moyrath, MP for Dublin City and then for County Meath . His daughter Mary Anne married first John Blachford (1771‐1832), and secondly Thomas Dalzell, 7th Earl of Carnwath , dying in 1853. Harriet (d.1865) married
570-909: The Irish question once more, he became seriously ill. On his deathbed he spoke generously of Castlereagh , and with a warm eulogy of his former rival, Flood. He died at his home in Portman Square on 4 June 1820, and was buried in Westminster Abbey close to the tombs of Pitt and Fox. His statue is in St Stephen's Hall in the Palace of Westminster . Sydney Smith said of Grattan soon after his death: "No government ever dismayed him. The world could not bribe him. He thought only of Ireland; lived for no other object; dedicated to her his beautiful fancy, his elegant wit, his manly courage, and all
627-703: The Middle Temple , London and then King's Inns , Dublin, he was called to the Irish Bar in 1772. He never seriously practised law but was drawn to politics, influenced by Flood. He entered the Irish Parliament for Charlemont in 1775, sponsored by Lord Charlemont , just as Flood had damaged his credibility by accepting office. Grattan quickly superseded Flood in the leadership of the national party, not least because his oratorical powers were unsurpassed among his contemporaries. Catholics, who made up
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#1732802033666684-637: The decision of the government in 1782 to make concessions. It was through ranks of Volunteers drawn up outside the Irish Parliament in Dublin that Grattan passed on 16 April 1782, amidst unparalleled popular enthusiasm, to move a declaration of the independence of the Irish parliament. A posthumous publication of Grattan's speeches which were revised by Grattan himself contains his speech from this day which became famous in Irish political history: "I found Ireland on her knees," Grattan exclaimed, "I watched over her with
741-614: The Anglican Church of Ireland who owned most of the land. The politicians of the national party now fought for the Irish Parliament, not with the intention of liberating the Catholic majority, but to set the Irish parliament free from constitutional bondage to the British Privy Council . By virtue of Poynings' Law , a statute of King Henry VII of England , all proposed Irish legislation had to be submitted to
798-554: The Catholic question and all agreed with the description of his speech by the Annual Register as one of the most brilliant and eloquent ever made within the walls of parliament. When Fox and William Grenville came into power in 1806 Grattan, who sat at this time for Dublin City , was offered, but refused to accept, an office in the government. In the following year, he showed the strength of his judgment and character by supporting, in spite of consequent unpopularity in Ireland,
855-648: The Dalys had lived for several generations, but he moved some four miles south towards Loughrea where he built Dunsandle House, sometime in the mid-18th century. In 1769 and 1772 he served as Mayor of Galway . Daly was a friend of Henry Grattan , who had great respect for his political skills, and like him sat in the Irish House of Commons . Between 1767 and 1768, he was Member of Parliament for Galway Borough . Subsequently, he represented County Galway until 1790, and then Galway Borough again until 1792. In 1783, he
912-488: The Dungarvan Town Commissioners in 1855 was the catalyst for the renaming of many of Dungarvan Streets. Irish Nationalists and Catholics were finally getting a say in how they were governed and they set about renaming streets to reflect their nationalist sensibilities. Despite having no connection to Dungarvan that we know of, as one of the leading constitutional nationalists of his era Henry Grattan
969-622: The Irish Exchequer and finally Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench and his wife Anne de Laune. Grattan attended Drogheda Grammar School and then went on to become a distinguished student at Trinity College Dublin , where he began a lifelong study of classical literature, and was especially interested in the great orators of antiquity . Like his friend Henry Flood , Grattan worked on his natural eloquence and oratory skills by studying models such as Bolingbroke and Junius . In
1026-664: The King, to whom Emancipation was anathema, was now determined to firmly resist the Catholic demands, with the result that Ireland rapidly drifted towards rebellion. Grattan warned the government in a series of masterly speeches of the lawless condition to which Ireland had been driven. He could now count on no more than 40 followers in the Irish House of Commons, and his words were unheeded. In protest, he retired from parliament in May 1797, and departed from his customary moderation by attacking
1083-554: The Parliament of that kingdom, in all cases whatever shall be, and is hereby declared to be established and ascertained for ever, and shall at no time be questioned or questionable. In September of the same year, Grattan became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland . He was expelled in 1798, but was re-admitted on 9 August 1806. In Dublin, he was a member of Daly's Club . One of the first acts of Grattan's parliament
1140-598: The Privy Council for its approval under the Great Seal of England before being passed by the Irish Parliament. A bill so approved might be accepted or rejected, but not amended. More recent British Acts had further emphasised the complete dependence of the Irish parliament, and the appellate jurisdiction of the Irish House of Lords had also been annulled. Moreover, the British Houses claimed and exercised
1197-530: The Roman Catholic clergy and especially the bishops, while in no part of Ireland was it received with more favour than in the city of Cork . This attitude of the Catholics was caused by Pitt's encouragement of the expectation that Catholic emancipation , the commutation of tithes, and the endowment of the Catholic priesthood, would accompany or quickly follow the passing of the measure. When in 1799,
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#17328020336661254-515: The Viceroy had either misunderstood or exceeded his instructions; on 19 February 1795, Fitzwilliam was recalled. In the outburst of indignation, followed by increasing disaffection which this produced in Ireland, Grattan acted with conspicuous moderation and loyalty. This won him warm acknowledgements from a member of the British cabinet. That cabinet, however, doubtless influenced by the wishes of
1311-538: The Whigs on the regency question in 1788. In 1790, Grattan was elected for Dublin City , a seat he held until 1798. In 1792–93, he succeeded in carrying the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793 , conferring the franchise on Catholics; in 1794, in conjunction with William Ponsonby , he introduced a reform bill which was even milder than Flood's bill of 1783. He was as anxious as Flood had been to retain
1368-509: The best and brightest characters Ireland had ever produced, and said that his early death was a tragedy for his country. Grattan even suggested that Daly's wisdom and moderation, had he lived, might have prevented the Irish Rebellion of 1798 . In 1780, Daly married Lady Henrietta Maxwell (d. 1852), the only daughter of Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Farnham and Henrietta Cantillon, widow of the 3rd Earl of Stafford . Together, they were
1425-425: The committal of the bill, ending with an impassioned peroration in which he declared, "I will remain anchored here with fidelity to the fortunes of my country, faithful to her freedom, faithful to her fall." These were the last words spoken by Grattan in the Irish Parliament. The bill establishing the union was carried through its final stages by substantial majorities. One of Grattan's main grounds of opposition to
1482-518: The daughter of Nicholas Fitzgerald of County Mayo (d. 1761), a son of Thomas FitzGerald of Turlough, County Mayo and Elizabeth Browne. Henrietta's mother Margaret was the daughter of James Stephenson and Ann Price. Grattan's in-laws' history gave him a sensitivity to former Irish political difficulties, as Henrietta's Cavalier great-grandfather John Fitzgerald was transplanted from Gorteens Castle in County Kilkenny to Mayo in 1653 under
1539-548: The disposal of individual patrons, whose support was bought by the distribution of peerages and pensions. It was to give stability and true independence to the new constitution that Grattan pressed for reform. Having quarrelled with Flood over simple repeal, Grattan also differed from him on the question of maintaining the Volunteer Convention . Drawing the attention of the House to "the alarming measure of drilling
1596-590: The evil of absenteeism would be intensified. For the next five years, Grattan took no active part in public affairs; it was not again until 1805, that he became a Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Malton . He modestly took his seat on one of the back benches, until Fox brought him forward, exclaiming, "This is no place for the Irish Demosthenes !" His first speech was on
1653-560: The fact that the independent constitution of 1782 offered no safeguard against armed revolt. Sectarian violence during the rebellion put an end to the growing reconciliation between Roman Catholics and Presbyterians, and the island divided anew into two hostile factions. It was from the Anglican established church , and particularly from the Orangemen , that the bitterest opposition to the union proceeded. The proposal found support among
1710-495: The father of Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken ) and William Godley (who married Laura Bird and was the father of Gen. Sir Alexander Godley ). Henry Grattan Henry Grattan (3 July 1746 – 4 June 1820) was an Irish politician and lawyer who campaigned for legislative freedom for the Irish Parliament in the late 18th century from Britain . He was a Member of the Irish Parliament (MP) from 1775 to 1801 and
1767-483: The fore, and when a powerful section of the Whigs joined Pitt's ministry in 1794, Lord Fitzwilliam , who shared Grattan's views, was appointed Viceroy, expectations for further Catholic relief were raised. That may have been Pitt's intention, but it is not clear how far Lord Fitzwilliam had been authorised to pledge the government. Fitzwilliam privately asked Grattan to propose a Bill for Catholic emancipation, promising British government support. It appeared, however, that
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1824-479: The government brought forward its bill it was defeated in the Irish House of Commons. Grattan was still in retirement. His popularity had declined, and the fact that his proposals for parliamentary reform and Catholic emancipation had become the watchwords of the United Irishmen had brought him the bitter hostility of the governing classes. He was dismissed from the Privy Council; his portrait was removed from
1881-617: The government in his 24-page Letter to the Citizens of Dublin , in which he said it was now "absolutely necessary to reform the state" as the people no longer had confidence in parliament. At this time antipathy towards the Anglican elite in Ireland was such that people of different faiths were ready to combine for common political objects. Thus the Presbyterians of the north, who were mainly republican in sentiment, combined with
1938-500: The hall of Trinity College ; the Merchant Guild of Dublin struck his name off their rolls. The threatened destruction of the constitution of 1782 quickly restored its author to his former place in the affections of the Irish people. The parliamentary recess had been employed by the government in securing by lavish corruption a majority in favour of their policy. On 15 January 1800, the Irish Parliament met for its last session; on
1995-472: The hostility of the British mercantile classes. Grattan supported the government for a time after 1782, and spoke and voted for the repressive legislation that followed the Whiteboy violence in 1785; but as the years passed and without Pitt's personal favour towards parliamentary reform resulting in legislation, he gravitated towards the opposition, agitated for commutation of tithes in Ireland, and supported
2052-596: The late 1760s and early 1770s, he spent some years in London, and he visited France in 1771. He attended debates in the British House of Commons regularly, and also enjoyed visiting the celebrated Grecian Coffee House in Devereux Court , where he met Oliver Goldsmith . It was in London where he formed his lifelong friendship with Robert Day , later a judge of the Court of King's Bench . After studying at
2109-516: The leadership of Daniel O'Connell , and Grattan's influence gradually declined. He seldom spoke in Parliament after 1810, the most notable exception being in 1815, when he separated himself from the Whigs and supported the final struggle against Napoléon . His last speech of all, in 1819, contained a passage referring to the Union he had so passionately resisted, which exhibits the statesmanship, and at
2166-626: The legislative power in the hands of men of property. Grattan had a strong conviction that while Ireland could best be governed by the Irish, democracy in Ireland would inevitably turn to plunder and anarchy. At the same time, he wished to open membership of the House of Commons to Catholic men of property, a proposal that was the corollary of the Relief Act of 1793. The defeat of Grattan's mild proposals helped to promote more extreme opinions, which, under growing influence from France, were now making inroads in Ireland. The Catholic question had come to
2223-422: The lowest classes of the populace", Grattan implied that reformers had a duty to protect the prerogatives of property even as they protested its abuses. Better that those who had been "respectable" as the armed "property of the nation" should retire than run the risks of an "armed beggary". (Writing a generation later, Thomas MacNevin proposed that Grattan's judgement marked "the transition point", when "composed of
2280-527: The majority of the Irish population, were completely excluded from public life at this time under the Penal Laws , in force in Ireland from 1691 until the early 1780s. The Presbyterians of Ulster had a lot more power as they were primarily of British ancestry, although most of the penal laws also affected them. Power was held by the King's Viceroy and by a small element, the Anglo-Irish families loyal to
2337-401: The parents of two sons and six daughters, including: His widow died at a great age in 1852. Through his eldest son James, he was grandfather of seven, including Denis Daly, 2nd Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal and Skeffington Daly, 3rd Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal . Through his daughter Katharine, he was a grandfather of John Robert Godley (who married Charlotte Griffith-Wynne and was
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2394-563: The power to legislate directly for Ireland without even the nominal concurrence of the parliament in Dublin. This was the constitution which William Molyneux and Swift had denounced, which Flood had attacked, and which Grattan was to destroy, becoming leaders of the Patriot movement . Calls for the legislative independence of Ireland at the Irish Volunteer Convention at Dungannon , County Tyrone , greatly influenced
2451-456: The same day Grattan secured by purchase a seat for Wicklow ; and at a late hour, while the debate was proceeding, he appeared to take his seat, and was cheered from the galleries. Grattan's strength gave way when he rose to speak, and he obtained leave to address the House sitting. Nevertheless, his speech was a superb effort of oratory; for more than two hours he kept them spellbound. After prolonged debates Grattan, on 26 May, spoke finally against
2508-404: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denis_Daly&oldid=1137730177 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2565-434: The same time the equable quality, of Grattan's character. His sentiments with regard to the policy of the Union remained, he said, unchanged; but "the marriage, having taken place, it is now the duty, as it ought to be the inclination, of every individual to render it as fruitful, as profitable and as advantageous as possible." In the following summer, after crossing from Ireland to Britain when in poor health to bring forward
2622-420: The scheme. The constitution of Grattan's parliament offered no security, as the differences over the regency question had made evident that in matters of imperial interest the policy of the Irish parliament and that of Great Britain would be in agreement. At a moment when Britain was engaged in a life-and-death struggle with France, it was impossible for the ministry to ignore the danger, recently emphasised by
2679-558: The splendour of his astonishing eloquence." Grattan Bridge crossing the river Liffey between Parliament Street on the south side of Dublin and Capel Street on the north side is named in his honour. The building housing the faculty of Law and Government at Dublin City University has also been named the Henry Grattan Building in his honour. Grattan Square Dungarvan, County Waterford. The establishment of
2736-413: The union had been his dread of seeing the political leadership in Ireland pass out of the hands of the landed gentry; and he prophesied that the time would come when Ireland would send to the united parliament a hundred of the greatest rascals in the kingdom. Like Flood before him, Grattan had no leaning towards democracy; and he anticipated that by the removal of the centre of political interest from Ireland
2793-473: The vicissitudes of English, not Irish, party politics; the royal prerogative was exercised in Ireland on the advice of British ministers. The Irish House of Commons was unrepresentative of the Irish people at a time when democracy was rare in Europe . The majority were excluded, who were either Roman Catholics or Presbyterians; two-thirds of the members of the House of Commons were returned by small boroughs at
2850-400: Was also elected for the latter constituency, but chose not to sit. He never held high ministerial office but was appointed Muster Master-General. He was a fine orator but did not often speak in Parliament; when he did it was usually from a carefully prepared script. He had a reputation for laziness, but he was intelligent, good-humoured, and a fine classical scholar. Grattan called him one of
2907-549: Was an obvious choice when the Town Commissioners were looking for a new name. Grattan Square was constructed between 1806 and 1826 at the instigation of the Duke of Devonshire. The architecture of the square has changed little to this day. Grattan's father was James Grattan (d. 1766), a Recorder and then MP for Dublin City , who married a daughter of Thomas Marlay, Mary. Grattan married Henrietta Fitzgerald in 1782,
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#17328020336662964-470: Was cruelly lampooned by James Gillray as a rebel leader for his liberal views and his stance against a political union with the Kingdom of Great Britain . Almost immediately, the project of a legislative union between the British and Irish parliaments, which had been from time to time discussed since the beginning of the 18th century, was taken up in earnest by Pitt's government. Grattan fiercely denounced
3021-470: Was educated at Christ Church, Oxford , but there is no record of his taking a degree there. Daly owned estates in County Mayo , County Galway , County Clare , and County Limerick . He had to sell off half of these estates to pay his debts, but on his marriage to Lady Henrietta Maxwell, his fortunes once again increased. His family residence was Carrownakelly Castle, in the parish of Kiltullagh, where
3078-489: Was shown by a parliamentary grant of £100,000, which had to be reduced by half before he would accept it. Grattan then asked for the British House of Commons to reconfirm the British Government 's decision, and on 22 January 1783, the final Act was passed by parliament in London, including the text: Be it enacted that the right claimed by the people of Ireland to be bound only by laws enacted by his Majesty and
3135-424: Was still subject to the influence of corruption, which the British government had wielded through the British and Irish borough owners, known as the "undertakers", or more directly through the great executive offices. Grattan's parliament had no control over the Irish executive. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and his chief secretary continued to be appointed by the British ministers; their tenure of office depended on
3192-532: Was the eldest of five sons. His siblings included St George Daly , judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) . He was the great-grandson of Denis Daly , judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) . Though traditionally Roman Catholics , and of Gaelic origin, the Dalys had been able to hold on to their lands by converting to the Protestant faith and forsaking their allegiance to the Stuart dynasty . He
3249-672: Was to prove its loyalty to the Constitution by passing a vote for the support of 20,000 sailors for the Royal Navy . Grattan was loyal to the Crown and the British connection. He was, however, anxious to achieve moderate parliamentary reform, and, unlike Flood, he favoured Catholic Emancipation . It was evident that without reform, the Irish House of Commons would not be able to make much use of its newly won legislative independence. Though now free from Westminster constitutional control, it
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