78-754: The Derbyshire Royal Infirmary was a hospital in Derby that was managed by the Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust . Following the transfer of community services to the London Road Community Hospital located further south-east along London Road, the infirmary closed in 2009 and most of the buildings were demolished in spring 2015. In early 1803, the Reverend Thomas Gisborne and Isaac Hawkins Browne Esq. (Trustees of
156-439: A 1916 raid on the town. All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927, signalling that the town was ready for city status. Slum clearance in the 1920s and 1930s saw the central area of Derby become less heavily populated as families were rehoused on new council estates in the suburbs, where houses for private sale were also constructed. Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on
234-412: A committee was appointed consisting of all subscribers of more than £50 and it was decided that the first payment of 25% of more would be required by 12 January 1804. The infirmary building, principally under the inspiration of the cotton manufacturer, William Strutt, made a deliberate attempt to incorporate into a medical institution the latest “fireproof” building techniques with technology developed for
312-587: A design and development centre and in the 1930s, on the direction of Lord Stamp , the LMS Scientific Research Laboratory was opened on London Road. In 1911, the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters. It was to be the first radio or "wireless club" in the country. The early activities of the club, (even through World Wars), pushed the boundaries of 'wireless' technologies at
390-557: A general slump hit the industry. This took place four years before the Cobden Treaty with France which is said to have effectively destroyed the British silk industry. The connection with silk production ended in about 1908 when F.W. Hampshire and Company, the chemists, moved into the premises to make fly papers and cough medicines. On 5 December 1910 at 5.00 am, fire broke out in the adjacent Sowter Brothers flour mill and engulfed
468-509: A group of Italians. He designed the mill, and with his half-brother Thomas Lombe (born 1685) instructed George Sorocold to build it and fit it with the new machines. Between 1717 and 1721 George built the mill, beside the River Derwent to the south of Cotchett's Mill to house machines for "doubling" or twisting silk into thread. John Lombe's idea of mill was inspired by contemporary smaller and less effective mills he studied during
546-486: A gym and restaurant, while the existing exteriors were restored. Derby Derby ( / ˈ d ɑːr b i / DAR -bee ) is a city and unitary authority area on the River Derwent in Derbyshire , England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original county town . As a unitary authority, Derby is administratively independent from Derbyshire County Council . The population of Derby
624-524: A large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in 1945. Production and repair work continued at the railway works. In December 1947 the Locomotive Works unveiled Britain's first mainline passenger diesel-electric locomotive – "Number 10000" . In 1958 production switched over to diesel locomotives completely. Meanwhile, the Carriage & Wagon Works were building the first of
702-461: A process known as doubling . Colloquially silk throwing can be used to refer to the whole process: reeling, throwing and doubling. In 1700, Italians were the most technologically advanced throwsters in Europe and had developed two machines capable of winding the silk onto bobbins while putting a twist in the thread. They called the throwing machine, a filatoio , and the doubler, a torcitoio . There
780-413: A shallow pitched roof. The throwing machines were two storeys high and pierced the first floor. The winding machines were situated on the top three floors. All the machines were powered by Sorocold's 7 metres diameter, 2-metre wide external undershot waterwheel . Its axle entered the mill through a navel hole at first floor level. It drove a 0.45-metre square vertical shaft that drove a line shaft that ran
858-418: A slight twist making it easier to handle, and organzine which had a greater twist and was suitable for use as warp. Reeling is the industrial process where silk that has been wound into skeins, is cleaned, receives a twist and is wound onto bobbins. Silk throwing is the process where the thread from the bobbins is twisted again to form tram and or organzine . The yarn is twisted together into threads, in
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#1732779897428936-421: A three-day inspection which condemned the old building. When Queen Victoria came to lay a foundation stone for the new hospital on 21 May 1891 she knighted Haslam for his services and gave permission for the term "Royal" to be used. The new Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, designed by the architects Young and Hall , was completed and officially opened in 1894. In the 2000s, most services were gradually transferred to
1014-750: Is 263,490 (2022). The Romans established the town of Derventio , which was later captured by the Anglo-Saxons and then by the Vikings who made Djúra-bý one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw . Initially a market town , Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era and was home to Lombe's Mill , an early British factory and it contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With
1092-412: Is a protein, fibroin , that was cemented in place by the use of gum, another protein, sericin . The cocoons were harvested and placed in troughs of hot water to dissolve the gum and allowed the single thread to be wound into a skein. The skeins were placed into bales and taken to the mill for processing. Three sorts of yarn could be produced: no-twist which was suitable for weft, tram that had received
1170-428: Is an illustration of a circular handpowered throwing machine drawn in 1487 with 32 spindles. The first evidence of an externally powered filatoio comes from the thirteenth century, and the earliest illustration from around 1500. Filatorios and torcitoios contained parallel circular frames that revolved round each other on a central axis. The speed of the relative rotation determined the twist. Silk would only co-operate in
1248-422: Is built upon, with nearby areas linked if within 200 metres. It had a total population of 270,468 at the time of the 2011 census . An increase of over 10% since the 2001 census recorded population of 236,738; comprising population increases since 2001 along with new minor residential areas, and larger sub-divisions.The Derby built-up area is considered to be most of the city, as well as outlying villages within
1326-623: Is commemorated by a march organised by the Derby Trades Union Council annually on the weekend before MayDay . The story of the Derby Lock-out was dramatised as a short film sponsored by Unite the union in 2015. This was first screened at Derby Quad cinema on 25 April 2015 The Taylor family remained in occupation of the mill until 1865 when bankruptcy forced them to sell the machinery and lease. "The Derby Mercury" advertised several silk mills for sale that year when
1404-466: Is divided by water". These areas of land were known as Norþworþig ("Northworthy"="north enclosure") and Deoraby , and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby. During the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet , who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. These troops took part in the defence of nearby Nottingham ,
1482-505: Is located in the south-west of the city at Burnaston . The Roman camp of Derventio is considered to have been at Little Chester /Chester Green ( grid reference SK353375 ), the site of the old Roman fort. Later, the town was one of the " Five Boroughs " (fortified towns) of the Danelaw , until it was captured by Lady Æthelflæd of Mercia in July 917, after which the town was annexed to
1560-519: Is represented by three MPs. Derby's emblem is the Derby Ram, about which there is a folk song titled " The Derby Ram ". It is found in a number of places, most notably serving as the nickname of Derby County F.C. The logo of the City Council's services is a stylised ram. Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the River Derwent , where the south-east foothills of
1638-730: The 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne . The Queen presented the "charter scroll" or "letters patent" in person on 28 July 1977 on the steps of the Council House to the then Mayor Councillor Jeffrey Tillet (Conservative). Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status. Derby holds an important position in the history of the Labour movement as one of two seats (the other being Keir Hardie 's in Merthyr Tydfil ) gained by
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#17327798974281716-663: The Diesel Multiple Units that were to take over many of the services. In 1964 the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train . Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II to mark
1794-500: The Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters in late November after raising The Derbyshire Blues ) and demanded billets for the 9,000 troops under his command. The prince stayed at Exeter House on Full Street, where he held a council of war on 5 December which decided to retreat. Stuart had received misleading information about a government army coming to meet him south of Derby. He abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on
1872-650: The Fabian Society . On his death in 1894, he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics . The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox , who exported machine tools to Russia. In 1840, the North Midland Railway set up its works in Derby and when it merged with
1950-617: The Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway to form the Midland Railway , Derby became its headquarters. The connection with the railway encouraged others, notably Andrew Handyside , Charles Fox and his son Francis Fox . A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in 1877. Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by
2028-651: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act 1888 . The borough expanded in 1877 to include Little Chester and Litchurch , and then in 1890 to include New Normanton and Rowditch. The borough did not increase substantially again until 1968, when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of
2106-863: The Pennines adjoin the lowlands and valley of the River Trent to the south. The city is bordered by four national character areas , the Trent Valley Washlands to the south, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfields in the east, the South Derbyshire Claylands in the west, and the Derbyshire Peak Fringe in the north. Most of the flat plains surrounding Derby lie in the Trent Valley Washlands and South Derbyshire Claylands, while
2184-457: The River Derwent and storage tanks for distribution. This was designed and built by local engineer George Sorocold . During the Jacobite rising of 1745 , Jacobite Army troops led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart arrived in Derby on 4 December 1745, whilst on their way to London to attempt to overthrow the reigning House of Hanover . Stuart called at The George Inn on Irongate (where
2262-455: The River Trent , a few miles south of Derby. The prince, who on the march from Scotland had walked at the front of the column, made the return journey on horseback at the rear of the bedraggled and tired army. Shrovetide football was played at Derby every year, possibly from as early as the 12th century. The town was split into the St Peter's and All Saints parishes, who fought to bring
2340-720: The South Derbyshire district, at Boulton Moor / Thulston Fields , Stenson Fields , and the Mickleover Country Park residential development (The Pastures) within Burnaston parish. The urban area is bounded to the east by a narrow gap between Borrowash and Draycott (to the west of the Breaston urban area sub-division of the Nottingham BUA ). It is also close to other nearby urban areas to
2418-461: The districts of Amber Valley and Erewash which adjoin the city. This overall area is, by ONS' figures, the 29th largest in the UK . Because methods of measuring linked areas were redefined for the 2011 census, Breadsall , Duffield and Little Eaton were included. However, Quarndon is not considered to be a component as it is marginally too distant. It extends south to small adjoining estates in
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2496-609: The "heat, stinks and noise", whilst Fairholt in 1835 was appalled by the sickly appearance of the poor children. Foreign visitors also included the mill in their itinerary. November 1833 saw the beginning of industrial unrest in Derby which led to the formation of the Grand National Trades Union in February 1834. It predated the Tolpuddle Martyrs by several months. Taylor's Silk Mill was not at
2574-471: The 1920s, ownership passed to the Electricity Authority . It was used as stores, workshops and a canteen. Hidden from the road by the power station, its existence was forgotten by the public until the power station was demolished in 1970. It was then adapted for use as Derby's Industrial Museum, which opened on 29 November 1974. The main range was three storeys high, 42.4m by 5.5m. Each floor
2652-400: The 1990s the firm was bought by Rolls-Royce plc and then sold on again to ABB Group . Derby was the home of Core Design (originally based on Ashbourne Road), who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider . When Derby's inner ring road was completed in 2010, a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft . Lombe%27s Mill Lombe's Mill was
2730-511: The German radio-beam navigations systems (X-Verfahren and Knickebein , camouflage and decoy techniques (" Starfish sites ") were built, mainly south of the town, e.g. out in fields near Foremark . ) Derby has also become a significant cultural centre for the deaf community in Britain. Many deaf people move to Derby because of its strong sign language -using community. It is estimated that
2808-619: The Kingdom of Mercia. The Viking name Djúra-bý , recorded in Old English as Deoraby , means "village of the deer". However, the origin of the name Derby has had multiple influences: a variation of the original Roman name Derventio with pronunciation of the letter "v" as "b", becoming Derbentio , and later Derby, along with a link to the river Derwent – from the Celtic meaning "valley thick with oaks" – which flows through
2886-574: The Silk Mill. The mill's east wall fell into the river and the building was gutted. Great efforts were made by the borough fire brigade and the Midland Railway Company who saved the shell of the tower and the outline of the doorways leading into the original five floors. These can be seen today on the tower staircase. The building was rebuilt to the same height but with three storeys instead of five and remains that way today. During
2964-569: The arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry . Despite having a cathedral since 1927, Derby did not gain city status until 1977. Derby is a centre for advanced transport manufacturing. It is home to engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce and Alstom (formerly Bombardier Transportation ) has a production facility at the Derby Litchurch Lane Works ; Toyota 's UK headquarters
3042-466: The ball from the Market Place to a goal within their own parishes. There were several attempts to ban the game, described in 1846 as "the barbarous and disgusting play of Foot-Ball, which for a great number of years has annually disgraced our town". In that year the military were brought in and after the police cut the first ball to pieces, another ball was produced and the town's Mayor was "stuck on
3120-462: The building and machinery. In 1765 Thomas Bennet bought the premises from Lloyd subject to a mortgage to the Wilson family but neglected the building during years of trade recession and competition from other mills in Derby and Cheshire . Lamech Swift became the sub-tenant in 1780 paying an annual rent of £7 to the corporation and £170 to Thomas Wilson, brother of Richard and William. Despite a row with
3198-488: The business. Thomas died on 2 June 1739, leaving his estate to his widow and their two daughters. When the patents lapsed in 1732, other mills were built in Stockport and Macclesfield . An unpowered doubling shop was built to the north of the powered Italian works some time before 1739. The mill was sold to Thomas Wilson in 1739. An inventory was taken of the doubling shop, which still exists. Dame Elizabeth advertised
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3276-404: The centre of the controversy although he was one of the employers who agreed not to employ any worker who was a union member. By the middle of April 1834 Taylor reported that two-thirds of his machinery was working and many of his former workers were applying for reinstatement. According to "The Derby Mercury" some of the former unionists were never able to find fresh employment in Derby. This event
3354-428: The city, triggering a shortened version of Derwent by , meaning 'Derwent settlement'. The town name appears as Darbye on early maps, such as that of John Speed , 1610. Modern research (2004) into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons would have co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby
3432-484: The corporation over repairs to the weirs in 1781, he remained in occupation until the lease expired in 1803 when the corporation advertised a lease to run for 60 years. The advertisement reveals that the "Italian works" was still used for throwing silk. The Silk Mill was a tourist attraction in Derby and was visited by Boswell in September 1777. Not all the visitors were impressed by conditions. Torrington commented on
3510-903: The deaf population in Derby is at least three times higher than the national average, and that only London has a larger deaf population. The Royal School for the Deaf on Ashbourne Road provides education in British Sign Language and English. By traditional definitions, Derby is the county town of Derbyshire ; the county's quarter sessions were held at Derby and knights of the shire were elected there, with County Hall on St Mary's Gate being built in 1660 to host such courts and meetings. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Derbyshire County Council initially used County Hall as its meeting place, but moved to Smedley's Hydro in Matlock in 1955. Between 1889 and 1974 Derby
3588-1116: The driest month. This location is classified as Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification . Under the Köppen climatic classification Derby has an oceanic climate along with the rest of the British Isles. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C. Precipitation averages 694 mm. The highest temperature ever recorded in Derby was 34.1 °C (93.4 °F), recorded at Markeaton Park on 3 August 1990, Derby's two biggest employers, Rolls-Royce Holdings and Toyota , are engaged in engineering manufacturing. Other companies of note include railway systems engineering firm Alstom , who manufacture railway rolling stock at Derby Litchurch Lane Works ; First Source, who deal with much of Sky's telephone support; and Triton Equity, who took over Alstom's manufacturing plant for large power plant boilers and heat exchangers in 2014. Derby power station on Silkmill Lane supplied electricity to
3666-474: The first successful silk throwing mill in Britain. It was built on an island on the River Derwent in Derby . It was built after John Lombe visited Piedmont in 1717 and returned to England with details of the Italian silk throwing machines – the filatoio and the torcitoio – and some Italian craftsmen. The architect was George Sorocold . At its height, the mill employed some 300 people. Lombe's Mill
3744-607: The former site of the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary started in 2020 after initially being halted due to the coronavirus pandemic. Renamed the 'Nightingale Quarter' - after Florence Nightingale - by developer Wavensmere Homes, the new site covers 18.5 acres and includes over 900 new residential properties. In 2022, Wavensmere Homes appointed Joseph Mews Property Group to bring the first release of these apartments - The Pavilion - to market. The "pepper-pot towers" were turned into on-site amenities for residents including
3822-648: The hillier, northern parts of the city lie within the Derbyshire Peak Fringe and the Coalfields. The city is around 16 miles (26 km) from Coton in the Elms , the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom . The Derby Built-up Area (BUA) or Derby Urban Area is an area including Derby and adjoining built-up districts of Derbyshire, including Borrowash and Duffield . The Office for National Statistics defines an urban area as one which
3900-563: The late Isaac Hawkins Esq.) signified their intention to appropriate £5,000 towards an infirmary to be erected at Derby. On 5 April 1803, following a request from the Grand Jury, the High Sheriff of Derby (Robert Wilmot) held a meeting to consider the founding of a hospital in Derby. At this meeting it was noted that subscriptions promised had already reached £17,215, with a further £2,592 and 18 shillings annually. On 6 October 1803,
3978-534: The lease for sale in 1739, and the remaining 64 years of the lease were assigned to Richard Wilson junior of Leeds for £2,800. Wilson remained in Leeds leaving the running of the mill to his partners, William and Samuel Lloyd, both London merchants, with Thomas Bennet as manager, taking a proportion of the profits. A description of the mill, dating from between 1739 and 1753, says: "The original Italian works of five storeys high housed 26 Italian winding engines that spun
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#17327798974284056-418: The length of the mill. The torcitoios and filatoios took their power from the shaft. The vertical shaft was extended beyond the second floor by an iron gudgeon to another vertical shaft that reached the top 3 floors to drive the winding machines. The mill was heated to process the silk, and this was explained in the 1718 patent. It was reported that Lombe used a fire engine (steam engine) to pump hot air round
4134-437: The mill in 1732. The stair column was 19.5m high. Its layout is not known, and there is no information on how bales were hoisted between the floors. The circular spinning machines (also known as 'throwing machines'), were the most significant innovation of the factory. Together with the single source of power (water), and the large size and organisation of the workforce for the period (200–400, according to contemporary sources),
4212-482: The new Royal Derby Hospital , leaving only community services on the Infirmary site. Following the transfer of the community services to the London Road Community Hospital located further south-east along London Road, the infirmary closed in 2009 and most of buildings were demolished in spring 2015. However a facade with its two "pepper-pot towers" dating back to 1894 was retained for redevelopment. Redevelopment on
4290-403: The north. Notes: Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the 1950s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham. Derby's climate is classified as warm and temperate. There is precipitation even during
4368-634: The painter Joseph Wright , known as Wright of Derby, who was known for his innovative use of light in his paintings and was an associate of the Royal Academy ; and John Whitehurst , a clockmaker and philosopher. Erasmus Darwin , doctor, scientist, philosopher and grandfather of Charles Darwin , moved to Derby in 1782 and founded the Derby Philosophical Society . Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of
4446-510: The period in which he worked in Italy: traditionally the spinning wheel was used for producing small quantities of silk thread at the homes of local spinsters, the new machines were capable of producing far greater quantities of silk and provided serious competition for the Italians. The machines required large buildings and a power source. An undershot water wheel turned by the mill fleam on
4524-517: The process if the temperature and humidity were high, in Italy the temperature was elevated by sunlight but in Derby the mill had to be heated, and the heat evenly distributed. The mill passed through several owners and has been rebuilt several times, but the modified structure is extant and has been restored to house the Derby Silk Mill . There is a Bas relief sculpture of John Lombe at
4602-465: The raw silk on each of the upper three floors whilst the lower two storeys contained eight spinning mills producing basic thread and four twist mills." Little of the original mill remains. It was built of brick, in flemish bond , and was 33.5m long and 12m wide. It was built on a series of stone arches that allowed the waters of the River Derwent to flow through. The mill was 17m high, topped by
4680-591: The recently formed Labour Representation Committee at the 1900 general election. The MP was Richard Bell , General Secretary of the Railway Servants Union . Bell was succeeded in 1910 by Jimmy Thomas and he in turn by the distinguished polymath and Nobel Laureate Philip Noel-Baker in 1936. Despite its strategic industries (rail and aero-engine ), Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars (contrast Bristol and Filton ). This may in part have been because of jamming against
4758-471: The rural district of Belper , Repton and South East Derbyshire . This vastly increased Derby's population from 132,408 in the 1961 census to 219,578 in the 1971 census. Despite being one of the areas of Britain furthest from the sea , Derby holds a special place in the history of marine safety – it was as MP for Derby that Samuel Plimsoll introduced his bills for a " Plimsoll line " (and other marine safety measures). This failed on first introduction, but
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#17327798974284836-845: The secrets of silk-throwing from Piedmont in Italy (he is alleged to have been poisoned by the Piedmontese as revenge in 1722). In 1759, Jedediah Strutt patented and built a machine called the Derby Rib Attachment that revolutionised the manufacture of hose. This attachment was used on the Rev. Lee's Framework Knitting Machine; it was placed in front of – and worked in unison with – Lee's Frame, to produce ribbed hose (stockings). The partners were Jedediah Strutt, William Woollatt (who had been joined in 1758 by John Bloodworth and Thomas Stafford, all leading hosiers in Derby). The patent
4914-409: The shoulder by a brick-bat, hurled by some ferocious ruffian, and severely bruised". The Derby Football was banned in 1846, although it was played once more in 1870. Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britain's Industrial Revolution . In 1717, Derby was the site of the first water-powered silk mill in Britain, built by John Lombe and George Sorocold , after Lombe had reputedly stolen
4992-432: The siege of Lichfield , the battle of Hopton Heath and many other engagements in Nottinghamshire , Staffordshire and Cheshire , as well as successfully defending Derbyshire against Royalist armies. The first civic system of piped water in England was established in Derby in 1692, using wooden pipes, which was common for several centuries. The Derby Waterworks included waterwheel-powered pumps for raising water out of
5070-405: The textile mills. The Infirmary building opened in what is now Bradshaw Way, Derby on 4 June 1810. In 1890, during the year that he was Mayor of Derby , Sir Alfred Seale Haslam managed to replace the old Derbyshire General Infirmary with the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary. That year there had been an outbreak of disease at the old infirmary and Sir William Evans, President of the Infirmary arranged
5148-429: The time in England, and promoted it into becoming a hobby for many local folk. {Over later years, as radio technology progressed, the club transitioned to become the Derby & District Amateur Radio Society (DADARS), continuing to host meetings and events for radio hobbyists with all the new technologies, into the early 2020s.} In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers, who killed five people in
5226-565: The total process of production from raw silk to fine quality thread has led the Lombes' silk mill to be described as the first successful use of the factory system in Britain. William Hutton was an employee and he later recalled the long hours, low wages and beatings. Work only stopped in time of drought, extreme frost or problems with the silk supply, although unofficial holidays were taken during elections and Derby races in August 1748. The partnership of Wilson and Lloyd ended in 1753 after acrimony and legal suits. Lloyd remained in possession of
5304-409: The town and the surrounding area from 1893 until its closure in 1969. From 1922 Sinfin Lane was the home of the 62-acre (250,000 m ) site of International Combustion , originally manufacturers of machinery for the automatic delivery of pulverised fuel to furnaces and boilers , and later producing steam-generating boilers for use in electrical generating plant such as used in power stations. In
5382-498: The west side of the new mill drove the spinning machines. Thomas Lombe was given a 14-year patent to protect the design of the throwing machines. The King of Sardinia reacted badly to the commercial challenge, placing an embargo on the export of raw silk. It is speculated that he was responsible for John Lombe's mysterious death, six years later, in 1722, perhaps poisoned by an Italian assassin paid by his Italian commercial opponents. John's elder brother, Sir Thomas Lombe , took over
5460-400: Was a county borough , independent from the county council. It then became a lower-tier district council with the county council providing county-level services between 1974 and 1997. On 1 April 1997, Derby City Council became a unitary authority , regaining its independence from the county council. On 7 July 2014, Derby's first ever Youth Mayor, Belal Butt (a student from Chellaston Academy),
5538-400: Was built next to Thomas Cotchett 's 1704 mill on the west bank of the River Derwent in Derby. At this point a weir had been constructed across the river, and the mill was built on an island downstream which separated the river from the tail race of three corn mills. The tail race was also called a fleam or a leat . Derby was a key location as the river had a fast flow, and it was here that it
5616-523: Was crossed by the London to Carlisle road Lombe's Mill was the first successful silk throwing mill in England and probably the first fully mechanised factory in the world. Thomas Cotchett's mill, built in Derby in 1704, was a failure. John Lombe had visited the successful silk throwing mill in Piedmont in 1716, an early example of industrial espionage. He returned to Derby with the necessary knowledge and
5694-470: Was destroyed by fire on 12 January 1803 and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of 1804; West Mill, 1792, commenced working 1796; Reeling Mill, 1897; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from 1803 to 1813, and commenced working in 1816; and Milford Mills, 1778. The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt. Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include
5772-567: Was driven by horses. In 1771 Richard Arkwright, Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt built the world's first commercially successful water-powered cotton spinning mill at Cromford , Derbyshire, developing a form of power that was to be a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution. This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper . They were: South Mill, the first, 1775; North Mill, 1784, which
5850-476: Was elected by the Mayor of Derby . Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until 1950, when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South . However, in 2010, the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire , created for the 2010 general election. As of 2020, Derby
5928-605: Was obtained in January 1759. After three years, Bloodworth and Stafford were paid off, and Samuel Need – a hosier of Nottingham – joined the partnership. The firm was known as Need, Strutt and Woollatt. The patent expired in 1773 though the partnership continued until 1781 when Need died. Messrs Wright, the bankers of Nottingham, recommended that Richard Arkwright apply to Strutt and Need for finance for his cotton spinning mill. The first mill opened in Nottingham in 1770 and
6006-478: Was successful in 1876 and contributed to Plimsoll's re-election as an MP. An industrial boom began in Derby when Rolls-Royce opened a car and aircraft factory in the town in 1907. In 1923, the Midland Railway became part of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway with headquarters in London. However, Derby remained a major rail manufacturing centre, second only to Crewe and Wolverton . Moreover, it remained
6084-475: Was used for doubling, and there were 306 doubling machines. Silk is a naturally produced fibre obtained from many species of the silk moth. In 1700 the favoured silk was produced by a moth ( Bombyx mori ), that spun a cocoon to protect the larvae. The larvae fed on mulberry leaves grown in Italy. Silk fibres from the Bombyx mori silkworm have a triangular cross section with rounded corners, 5–10 μm wide. The silk
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