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42-459: Disc golf , also known as frisbee golf , is a flying disc sport in which players throw a disc at a target ; it is played using rules similar to golf . The sport is usually played on a course with 9 or 18 holes (baskets). Players complete a hole by throwing a disc from a tee pad or tee area toward a basket, throwing again from where the previous throw came to rest, until the basket is reached. The baskets are formed by wire with hanging chains above
84-434: A National Time Aloft record. Ed Headrick , also known as "Steady" Ed Headrick, (June 28, 1924 – August 12, 2002) was an American toy inventor. He is most well known as the father of both the modern-day Frisbee and of the sport and game of disc golf. In 1975, Headrick's tenure at Wham-O where he helped redesign the flying disc known as the frisbee ended, and ties between Headrick and Wham-O eventually split. Headrick left
126-458: A critical factor in course design, and are careful to minimize the danger of being hit by a flying disc while providing designs that create strategy in play and variety in shots for enjoyment. Holes are designed to require a range of different throws to challenge players with different strengths or particular skills. Many courses are central organizing points for local disc golf clubs, and some include shops selling disc golf equipment. More than 80% of
168-410: A line facing the opposing team across the court, with the two teams lined up parallel to each other. Which team begins play is determined "flipping the disc", an action similar to a coin toss, but using the disc itself. One member of the team is then selected to start play. That member then raises an arm to indicate readiness to throw, at which point the members of the opposing team freeze in position. If
210-546: A player or players on the opposing team at the same time (called a "double"). A team scores a point whenever they make a successful attack or whenever an opponent throws a disc out-of-bounds. The first team to score the requisite number of points as determined by the competitive format wins the game. Canine Disc (or dog disc) is a dog sport and a disc sport. In canine disc competitions, dogs and their human flying disc throwers compete in events such as distance catching and somewhat choreographed freestyle catching. The sport celebrates
252-988: A pole sticking out of the ground. Most disc golf courses have 9 or 18 holes, and exceptions most often have holes in multiples of three. Courses with 6, 10, 12, 21, 24 or 27 holes are not uncommon. The PDGA recommends that courses average 200–400 ft (61–122 m) per hole, with holes no shorter than 100 ft (30 m). The longest holes in the world measure more than 1,500 ft (460 m) long. Course designers use trees, bushes, elevation changes, water hazards, and distance variation, along with out-of-bounds zones and mandatory flight paths (often referred to as "Mandos") to make each hole challenging and unique. Many courses include multiple tee positions or multiple target positions to cater to players of different ability levels. Most disc golf courses are built in more natural and less manicured environments than golf and require minimal maintenance, although some courses aim for pristine conditions. Professional course designers consider safety
294-474: A regular basis, either to accommodate the number of available players, speed up certain elements of the game, or to help a team practice specific aspects of their strategy. Disc golf is a game based on the rules of golf (referred to by disc golfers as "ball and stick golf"). It uses discs smaller and denser than an ultimate disc. The discs are thrown towards a target, which serves as the "hole". The official targets are metal baskets with hanging chains to catch
336-536: A throw and catch freestyle practice to help improve their ultimate handling skills. The game was invented in 1968 as an evening pastime by Jared Kass. Ultimate is distinguished by its Spirit of the Game - the principles of fair play, sportsmanship , and the joy of play. USA Ultimate (USAU) and Ultimate Canada are the rules and sanctioning organizations for ultimate in the US and Canada. While USAU and WFDF rulesets differ,
378-591: Is a highly popular Estonian disc golf website. Between a third and half of its traffic originates from Estonia. It facilitates tournament management and allows players to keep track of their progress. In February 2020, the FFFD selected Disc Golf Metrix as its tournament management solution for the 2020 National Tour, the most prestigious tournament in France. Founded in 2017, Disctroyer is Estonia's first and only manufacturer of PDGA approved discs. Trindem OÜ manufactures
420-435: Is an event where teams of two or three players perform a routine which consists of a series of creative throwing and catching techniques set to music. The routine is judged on the basis of difficulty, execution and presentation. The team with the best total score is declared the winner. In 1974, Ken Westerfield and Jim Kenner (founder and CEO of Discraft ), introduced and won the first flying disc freestyle competition at
462-563: Is generally attributed to its close proximity to disc golf hubs around the Baltic Sea , namely Finland and Sweden . Rene Mengel, Estonian disc golf pioneer and the country's main disc golf promoter, attributes the success of the sport to a large number of disc golf courses throughout the country, and to the fact that disc golf discs can be purchased from local retail stores in Estonia in addition to specialized online retailers, helping make
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#1732797937521504-828: Is governed by the Estonian Disc Golf Association (EDGL, in Estonian : Eesti Discgolfi Liit ). Its mission is to promote disc golf as an exciting and accessible sport. Disc golf is the fastest growing sport in Estonia. It has enjoyed an exponential surge in popularity since the early 2010s, quickly making Estonia a hotbed of the sport, together with Finland . In the PDGA 's Year-End Demographic Report for 2019, Estonia had 930 active members, 135 courses, and organized 44 PDGA-sanctioned events. In June 2020, there were 864 active PDGA members and 628 expired memberships. The surge in disc golf popularity in Estonia
546-478: Is now accepted as one of the premier events in Flying disc tournaments worldwide. The Freestyle Players Association was formed to oversee the competitive aspects of freestyle frisbee, and to help new players learn how to freestyle. Guts or Guts Frisbee is a disc sport inspired by dodgeball, involving teams throwing a flying disc (rather than balls) at members of the opposing team. One to five team members stand in
588-620: Is played in about 40 countries and, as of April 26, 2023, there are 107,853 active members of the Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) worldwide. Modern disc golf started in the early 1960s, but there is debate over who came up with the idea first. The consensus is that multiple groups of people played independently throughout the 1960s. Students at Rice University in Houston, Texas, for example, held tournaments with trees as targets as early as 1964, and in
630-438: Is to defend a court from an attack by the opposing team. Two identical square courts are located on a level playing field of grass measuring 13 meters on a side. The distance between the courts is 17 meters. Attacks are made in two ways: by throwing a disc in play into the opponents' court in an attempt to have the disc come to rest within that court without ever having touched out-of-bounds, or by causing both discs to be touched by
672-519: The Professional Disc Golf Association . Beginning in 1974, the International Frisbee Association (IFA), under the direction of Dan Roddick, became the regulatory organization for all of these sports. Ultimate (also called Ultimate Frisbee) is a competitive non-contact team sport . The object of the game is to score points by passing the disc to a team member in the opposing team's end zone. Players may not move about
714-627: The Western Ultimate league in 2020. Currently, the highest level of International Ultimate is the World Games followed by the World Ultimate and Guts Championship . A number of games have evolved which are derived or similar to Ultimate, but played with different rules. These games are often played when available fields or teams are too small for a full sized ultimate game. Many other rules variants for ultimate are played on
756-440: The nail-delay with many players using what are called delay-aids (plastic nails and silicone sprays). Many players of other disc sports will often use a throw and catch (no plastic nails or sprays) version of freestyle, to warm up for their disc games. Ultimate disc players often use freestyle to improve their throwing and catching skills as well as a good way to add focus and flexibility to their game. Freestyle competition
798-571: The 1970s with promotional efforts from Wham-O and Irwin Toy (Canada). These took the form of national tournaments and Frisbee show tours at universities, fairs and sporting events. Disc sports such as freestyle , double disc court , guts , ultimate and disc golf became this sport's first events. Two sports, the team sport of ultimate and disc golf , are very popular worldwide and are now being played semi-professionally. The World Flying Disc Federation , Professional Disc Golf Association and
840-904: The 3rd annual Canadian Open Frisbee Championships , Toronto , Ontario, Canada and the Vancouver Open Frisbee Championships. These were the first Frisbee freestyle competitions. A year later the American Flying Disc Open (AFDO) Rochester, New York , the Octad in New Brunswick, New Jersey and the 1975 World Frisbee Championships, held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California , adopted Westerfield and Kenners freestyle competition format as one of their events. Today this same freestyle event
882-682: The Discrait basket , which was certified by the PDGA at the Championship level in April 2017. Estonia is a popular destination among Finnish disc golf enthusiasts. Disc golf courses are marketed on Estonia's official tourist information website, and they are available as a map layer. Notable disc golfers include Albert Tamm, Silver Lätt, and Estonia's top women's disc golfer Kristin Tattar , who
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#1732797937521924-697: The Freestyle Players Association are the official sanctioning organizations for disc sports worldwide. Guts was invented by the Healy Brothers in the 1950s and developed at the International Frisbee Tournament (IFT) in Marquette, Michigan . Ultimate , the most widely played disc sport, began in the late 1960s with Joel Silver and Jared Kass. In the 1970s it developed as an organized sport with
966-1017: The North American and European continents, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea have the most courses. There are disc golf courses on every continent, including 24 in Latin America, 8 in Africa, and one in Antarctica. Åland has been defined as the world's largest single disc golf park, with one course in each of the 16 municipalities of Åland. * indicates "Disc golf in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links. Flying disc games Flying disc sports are sports or games played with discs , often called by
1008-399: The basket, designed to catch the incoming discs, which then fall into the basket. Usually, the number of throws a player uses to reach each basket is tallied (often in relation to par ), and players seek to complete each hole in the lowest number of total throws. Par is the number of strokes an expert player is expected to make for a given hole or a group of holes (usually 9 or 18). The game
1050-514: The bond between handler and dog, by allowing them to work together. These games originated when the rules of another game were adjusted to use a flying disc in place of a ball. Disc golf in Estonia Disc golf (in Estonian : discgolf ) is a popular sport in Estonia , where it is played at the recreational, club, and international competition levels. Disc golf in Estonia
1092-482: The company to start out on his own to focus all his efforts on his new interest, which he coined and trademarked "Disc Golf". In 1976, "Steady" Ed Headrick and his son Ken Headrick started the first disc golf company, the Disc Golf Association (DGA). The purpose of DGA was to manufacture discs and baskets and to formalize the sport. The first disc golf target was Ed's pole hole design which consisted of
1134-561: The courses listed on Disc Golf Course Review are listed as public and free to play. Three countries account for 85% of all disc golf courses worldwide: the United States (75%), Finland (7%) and Canada (3%). Other notable countries include Sweden and Estonia , which has the highest density of disc golf courses per km of dry land of any country and the second-highest number of courses per capita. Iceland and Finland have 150 and 111 courses per million inhabitants, respectively. Outside
1176-577: The creation of the Ultimate Players Association with Dan Roddick, Tom Kennedy and Irv Kalb. Double disc court was invented and introduced in the early 1970s by Jim Palmeri. In 1974, freestyle competition was created and introduced by Ken Westerfield and Discraft 's Jim Kenner. Judging standards were developed by the Freestyle Players Association. In 1976, the game of disc golf was standardized with targets called "pole holes" invented and developed by Wham-O 's Ed Headrick and
1218-431: The disc and becomes the throwing team. The receiving team must catch the disc cleanly in one hand, and may not move from position until after the disc leaves the hand of the thrower. The disc may not be trapped between the hand and any other part of the body, including the other hand. This frequently results in a challenging sequence of "tips" or "bobbles", which are rebounds of the disc off of receivers' hands or body to slow
1260-478: The disc down and keep it in play until it can be caught. This often involves multiple players on the receiving team. Play continues until at least 21 points have been scored by one of the teams and there is a difference in score of at least 2 points. Double disc court (DDC) invented and introduced by Frisbee Hall of Fame inductee Jim Palmeri of Rochester, NY , is a sport played with two flying discs . Two teams of two players each stand in their own courts. The goal
1302-534: The discs. In 2016 , the PDGA severed ties with WFDF leaving it unclear who is the primary driver for global growth of the game. Before there were standardized targets called pole holes, disc golf used to be played in parks and urban settings using natural objects as targets. In some cases courses were created by the players themselves as they played, with each player taking turns determining targets and throwing designations (mandatories and out of bounds ) Disc freestyle, also known as freestyle Frisbee in reference to
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1344-833: The early 1960s, players in Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia , would toss Frisbees into 50-gallon barrel trash cans designated as targets. In 1968 Frisbee Golf was also played in Alameda Park in Santa Barbara, California , by teenagers in the Anacapa and Sola street areas. Gazebos, water fountains, lamp posts, and trees were all part of the course. This took place for several years and an Alameda Park collectors edition disc still exists, though rare, as few were made. Clifford Towne from this group went on to hold
1386-414: The field while holding the disc. Catching is done with one hand or both hands on the rim or with hands simultaneously on the top and bottom, sometimes referred to as a clap-catch. When one-hand catching on the rim, care must always be taken in hand placement and making sure to catch on the correct side of the disc, according to which way the disc is spinning. One side will tend to spin out of your hand, while
1428-412: The late 1960s. As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they looked for alternative recreational activities, including throwing a frisbee. What started with a few players in the sixties, like Victor Malafronte, Z Weyand and Ken Westerfield experimenting with new ways of throwing and catching a disc, later would become known as playing disc freestyle . Organized disc sports began in
1470-495: The organizations have been working together over the past 3 years to bring the rulesets into closer alignment. The American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) and Major League Ultimate (MLU) are the first men's semi-professional ultimate leagues. The Major League Ultimate (MLU) ceased operation on December 21, 2016. In 2019, the Premier Ultimate League , ultimate's first Women's semi-pro league launched followed by
1512-422: The other side will spin into your hand, making for a more secure catch. Many players avoid this problem by catching with both hands when possible. The most popular throws used in a game of ultimate are backhand, sidearm/forehand, hammer and scoober . Being a deep threat, with multiple throwing techniques and the ability to pass the disc before the defense has had a chance to reset, is always optimal. Some players use
1554-447: The sport accessible. Approximately 2% of the world's disc golf courses are located in Estonia. Some of the most notable ones include Kõrvemaa, Jõulumäe, Alutaguse, Mäetaguse and Elva disc golf courses. Most popular courses in Estonia are Männiku Wakepark, Tartu Roosi, Kurna, Coolbet Järve and Discland disc golf courses, of which 4 (excluding Tartu Roosi) are inside or in close proximity of Estonia's capital, Tallinn In 2019, Tallinn
1596-415: The thrower misses the "scoring area" (a demarcated area a bit larger than the space occupied by the opposing team), the receiving team scores a point. If a member of the receiving team catches the disc cleanly, neither team scores a point. If the throw is within the scoring area and the receiving team fails to catch, or catches but drops the disc, the throwing team gets a point. The receiving team then picks up
1638-455: The trademarked brand name, is a sport and performing art characterized by creative, acrobatic, and athletic maneuvers with a flying disc. Freestyle is performed individually or more commonly in groups, both competitively and recreationally. In the early 1970s before the invention of the "nail-delay", freestyle catching possibilities would depend on the throw you were given; it was always spontaneous and unpredictable. Play with this type of freestyle
1680-489: The trademarked name Frisbees . Ultimate and disc golf are sports with substantial international followings. The flying disc was developed in 1948 by Walter Morrison . On January 23, 1957, Wham-O bought the rights to the invention and released it later under the trademarked name Frisbee . Although playing catch with discs as a pastime and proto-golf games are documented from the early 1900s, and doubtlessly occurred from time to time before, disc sports began to flower in
1722-465: Was performed with two players standing 30-40 yards apart. The throws were fast and varied, and the catches were right off the throw, except for the occasional kick or slap-up and rarely a pause between the catch and the throw back. At advanced levels, the throws and catches would become a flow that was created once you mastered the basics. It was fast and fluid and visibly would resemble martial arts and dance. Most competitive freestyle today centers around
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1764-633: Was rated #4 on UDisc 's list of Top 5 Disc Golf Cities outside the United States. As of May 2021 Estonia has 212 courses, Estonia has the highest density of disc golf courses per square kilometer of any country, and the second-highest number of disc golf courses per capita, after Iceland . Discgolfi Rajad is a disc golf course directory exclusive to Estonia. It allows players to filter courses by one of Estonia's 15 counties ( Estonian : maakond , plural maakonnad ) and provides hole-by hole information in addition to maps. Disc Golf Metrix
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