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20-895: Dubai Courts is the main department responsible for the judicial branch of the Emirate of Dubai, and operates independently of the Dubai Public Prosecution, and the Dubai Legal Affairs department which represents the Government of Dubai in legal matters. It has jurisdiction across the Emirate, except for specific free economic zones like the Dubai International Financial Centre which may retain special jurisdiction for commercial and labour matters. Judicial enforcement in Dubai

40-410: A cost of US$ 150 million, LADOL's initial infrastructures included: a 200m quay, 8.5m draft, 25-ton/m2 high load bearing area and additional 30-ton bollards at either end that can accommodate up to six supply vessels and three heavy-lift vessels ; a hotel; warehouse; office complex; road; water treatment; and underground reticulation. In 2015, with the support of Total Upstream Nigeria Limited, LADOL

60-545: A decree for his brother to resolve judicial and legal disputes, and eventually taking residence in Naif Fort, the first headquarters of the then-named Dubai Department of Justice. By 1958, a judicial body of 3 judges was formed to hear disputes between locals, and disputes that involves foreigners were heard by a British commission as part of the Trucial States . From 1970 to 1988, several decrees formally established

80-647: A specific type of special economic zone, for example LADOL . All "free ports" in the world were permitted by the respective states, save the Free Port of Trieste that with the signing of the 16th Resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations (10 January 1947) and the signing of the Treaty of Peace with Italy (10 February 1947, ratified 15 September 1947) was put territorially under

100-660: The sovereignty of the United Nations itself. As cited on Annex VIII, Article 3, paragraph 2: "The establishment of special zones in the Free Port under the exclusive jurisdiction of any State is incompatible with the status of the Free Territory and of the Free Port" . For example, it was not possible to apply the "Italian Law on Ports" in the extraterritorial free zones of the UN Free Port of Trieste with

120-523: The Dubai Public Prosecution and Dubai Courts into separate entities. Dubai Courts manages three levels of Courts: the First Instance Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Court of Cassation. The department has the authority to appoint and remove judges in any of the courts, often on the advice of the ruler of Dubai , and judges are formally given independence to issue judgements in the name of

140-541: The commission cited Swiss authorities' 2016 seizure of cultural relics looted from the Middle East being stored in Geneva's free ports. The free port system has been accused of facilitating international art crime, allowing stolen artworks to remain undetected in storage for decades. Freeports' lax regulation enables criminals to operate in secrecy. Freeports may facilitate money laundering and tax evasion by obscuring

160-528: The conditions and benefits of free zones. Some special economic zones are called free ports or free trade ports . Sometimes they have historically been endowed with favorable customs regulations, such as the free port of Trieste , or the newer free trade port on Hainan Island . The definition should be understood in meaning The International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Revised Kyoto Convention) uses

180-432: The effect that all actual territorial concessions were null and void. In 1954, the Free Territory of Trieste was dissolved and given to its neighbours, Italy and Yugoslavia. The European Union, in 2020, introduced new stricter rules to identify and report suspicious activities at free ports and zones in response to the "high incidence of corruption, tax evasion, and criminal activity", with a further review to take place in

200-623: The enforcement of a judgement once the period of appeal has expired. Free economic zone Free economic zones ( FEZ ), free economic territories ( FETs ) or free zones ( FZ ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries . The term is used to designate areas in which companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage economic activity . The taxation rules and duties are determined by each country. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has content on

220-470: The following year, The European Parliament suggested that increasing demand for free ports could be partly a response to global crackdowns on tax evasion. The European Commission in a report said that free ports were popular for the storage of art, precious stones, antiques, gold, and wine as alternative assets to cash, and posed an emerging threat in multiple ways: allowing counterfeiters to land consignments and tamper with loads and paperwork, then re-export

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240-503: The products without customs formalities, disguising the actual origin and nature of the goods and their supplier. The commission said they were also used for narcotics trafficking, the illegal ivory trade, people smuggling, VAT fraud, corruption and money laundering. "Legal businesses owned by criminals remain key to money-laundering activities... free ports are perceived as facilities that protect their clients'' identity and financial dealings, much as private banks used to." As an example,

260-477: The real beneficial owners of criminal assets, which hinders authorities' efforts to trace criminal profits and recover taxes. LADOL Lagos Deep Offshore Logistics Base (LADOL), officially LADOL Free Zone , also known as LADOL Base or the initials LFZ , is an industrial Free Zone privately owned logistics and engineering facility located on an island in the Port of Apapa , Lagos , Nigeria . LADOL

280-409: The ruler. The courts are further divided into minor and major circuits and separate commercial, labour, personal, civil and criminal courts, each with three levels of hearings. Dubai Courts also has the authority to establish specialised courts, such as the establishment of a specialised Inheritance Court in 2022. Following the issuing of judgements, an Execution Court is often responsible for ordering

300-571: The term “free zones” which the revised convention describes as “a part of the territory of a Contracting Party where any goods introduced are generally regarded, insofar as import duties and taxes are concerned, as being outside the customs territory ”. According to the World Bank, the main types of special economic zones are: An early type of special economic zone was free ports , these historically were endowed with favorable customs regulations. In modern times, free port has come to mean

320-549: The three courts in the Emirate of Dubai, the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeals and the Court of Cassation, which acted independently of each other until their unification under the management of the Dubai Courts department in 2000. In 2003, Law 1 of 2003 merged the Dubai Public Prosecution and the Dubai Courts to form the Dubai Department of Justice, but was later repealed by Law 5 of 2005 which separated

340-534: Was designed to provide logistics, engineering and other support services to offshore oil & gas exploration and production companies operating in and around West Africa. LADOL's developer, LiLe, began the construction of the logistics and engineering base in 2001 and commenced full operations in 2006. In June 2006, LADOL was designated as a Free Zone pursuant to the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Act No. 63 1992. Completed at

360-425: Was further expanded to include a new US$ 300 million Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel fabrication and integration facility. The FPSO vessel fabrication and integration facility – currently being operated by SHI-MCI FZE, a Nigerian Local Content initiative-driven incorporated joint venture between Samsung Heavy Industries and LADOL's shipyard operator, Mega-Construction and Integration FZE –

380-609: Was informally led by the sheikh or ruler in 1833, solving simple disputes between individuals, and who would often invite scholars to act as judges, often issuing verdicts in their homes, such as Justice Sheikh Mohammed Bin Abdul Salam Al Margharbi, a scholar from Morocco that acted as a judge for the emirate in the early 1900s. In 1938 then-ruler of Dubai, Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum issued

400-798: Was initiated to fabricate and integrate Total Egina FPSO in Nigeria and other similar projects expected to be carried out in Africa. The next phase of LADOL's expansion has been reported to include a dry dock that will be the largest in West Africa and attract as many as 100,000 direct and indirect jobs. In December 2015, LADOL won the award for "Outstanding Free Zone Integrated Hub Capacity Building Firm for Deep Water Oil & Gas Exploration, Manufacturing and Engineering Services" by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport . Also in 2015, LADOL won 5 awards in fDi Magazine Global Free Zones of

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