A vehicle start-stop system or stop-start system (also known as S&S , micro hybrid , or micro hybrid electric vehicle ( μHEV )) automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine to reduce the amount of time the engine spends idling , thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions . This is most advantageous for vehicles that spend significant amounts of time waiting at traffic lights or frequently come to a stop in traffic jams . Start-stop technology may become more common with more stringent government fuel economy and emissions regulations . This feature is present in hybrid electric vehicles, but has also appeared in vehicles that lack a hybrid electric powertrain . For non-electric vehicles, fuel economy gains from this technology are typically in the range of 3–10%, potentially as high as 12%. In the United States, according to the Department of Energy , idling wastes more than 6 billion U.S. gallons (23 billion liters; 5.0 billion imperial gallons) of fuel per year.
50-496: E89 may refer to: BMW Z4 (E89) European route E89 King's Indian Defense , Encyclopedia of Chess Openings code Second Keihan Highway , route E89 in Japan [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
100-510: A micro hybrid , a step below a mild hybrid system where the ISG can be used to assist the engine or even drive the vehicle. Citroën introduced a more refined system in its C2 and C3 models by 2006, named "Stop and Start". The Citroën implementation combines a SensoDrive automated gearbox and an electronically controlled reversible alternator or integrated starter-generator (ISG). An ISG, also known as "integrated starter-alternator", combines
150-456: A serpentine belt on the engine, those systems must be redesigned to function properly when the engine is turned off. Typically, an electric motor is used to power these devices instead. In vehicles where the air conditioner compressor still runs from the drive belt, some drivers turn on the air conditioner as an improvised way to disable start-stop. In the Mazda 3, a supercapacitor is used to power
200-524: A driving mode selector with Comfort, Sport, and Sport+ modes which adjust throttle and gearbox behaviour, power steering weighting, and the adjustable dampers (with the optional 'Electronic Damper Control'). The models could also be ordered with the iDrive infotainment system with BMWConnected services and keyless entry. The available transmissions are: Since the summer of 2013, all Z4 models met Euro 6 (EU6) exhaust emission standards. No diesel or all-wheel drive ( xDrive ) models were offered for
250-404: A joint venture with Bosch for common rail based vehicles. The i-Stop system, Mazda 's first start stop system, detects which piston is in the best position to restart quickest, which is the one in the combustion stroke phase, where air and fuel are in the cylinder, ready to be ignited. The mixture in this cylinder is ignited by the spark plug, forcing that piston down, and with assistance from
300-640: A light silver. The roadster does away with the retractable hard-top of the Z4 and incorporated a tonneau cover for protection of the interior which incorporates a double-bubble shape. The Zagato roadster has a black interior, with a strip of brown leather trim extending to the roll-over hoops . The Z4 facelift (also known as LCI) models were introduced in March 2013. Major changes were: The E89 Z4 comes with electronic stability control , cornering brake control , emergency brake assist , rollover hoops, and airbags for
350-485: A start-stop system, whatever the price level, as reducing idling also reduces vehicles' emissions of CO 2 , a prime cause of global warming. Manufacturers continued to refine the system. In 2010, Valeo declared that its second Start-Stop generation would appear in the same year. This new generation would be called "i-StARS".The Valeo system is included in Citroën , Land Rover , Peugeot , Smart , and Volvo , while
400-455: Is 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft), compared to 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) without overboost. The Zagato Coupé was a concept car based on the Z4 (E89) developed in collaboration with Italian design house Zagato . It was unveiled at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este on 25 May 2012. As the then BMW chief designer Adrian van Hooydonk and Zagato chief designer Norihiko Harada were friends,
450-415: Is spent idling. Start-stop activation depends on specific driver inputs as well as operating conditions. The engine must have reached the proper temperature to ensure adequate light-off of its catalytic converter and proper lubrication for an effortless restart. In a car with a manual transmission, engine shutdown typically occurs when braking to a complete stop, shifting the gearbox to neutral, and releasing
500-629: Is the second generation of the BMW Z4 range of two-door roadsters , and was produced from 2009 to 2016. The E89 replaced the E85/E86 Z4 and is the fourth model in the BMW Z Series . The E89 Z4 was the first Z Series model to use a retractable hardtop roof, which meant that there were no longer separate roadster and coupé versions of the car. There was no Z4 M model for the E89 generation. The Z4 (E89)
550-793: The Bosch system is included in Fiat , Nissan , SEAT , and Volkswagen , with various motorization including essence and diesel. Bosch developed a system for automatic cars. The Mazda Smart Idle Stop System (SISS) uses combustion start instead of electrical start. By sensing the position of the pistons in the cylinders, the engine is stopped in a configuration that allows immediate starting by combustion. Mazda claims quieter and quicker engine restart within 0.35 seconds. The Kia ISG EcoDynamics system uses Bosch , Valeo , and Varta components. Some Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC and Enviro400 MMC buses are equipped with stop-start systems that will stop
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#1732797915914600-886: The Chevrolet Impala and Malibu would have a (non-eAssist) start-stop system across all models. Honda has been using the start-stop function for over a decade via its IMA mild hybrid system in first-generation Insight models in the Japanese domestic market since 1999 and more recently on the Civic Hybrid . While both the Kia Rio and Rio5 share the same new direct-injected four-cylinder 1.6 L engine with its cousin Hyundai Accent/Verna (also newly redesigned for 2012), Hyundai made no mention of this feature in their Accent line. Hyundai 1.4 manual has
650-843: The Golf Ecomatic in 1994 and in the Volkswagen Lupo "3L" and the Audi A2 "3L" in 1999. Though these early implementations were considered rather disconcerting by many drivers, and high pricing failed to yield these cars much commercial success, both the Volkswagen Lupo and the Audi A2 (in their "3 litre" leverage) were more efficient than any production car available in the US at the time of their release. Since European emission standard Euro 5, more and more vehicles include
700-499: The Z1 and Z8 . The E89 Z4 was offered with the base level sDrive or optional M Sport trim. The M Sport trim included 18-inch alloy wheels, leather upholstery, sports seats, redesigned front and rear bumpers, sports steering wheel and sports suspension. An optional Design Pure Impulse package was also offered, having colour matching Alcantara or Nappa leather, and BMW Individual anthracite roof lining. The 2013 facelift also introduced
750-727: The 2.7-liter turbocharged V-6 version came with stop-start, which requires a more robust (and expensive) absorbent-glass-mat (AGM) battery that can better handle the constant cycling and the heavier draw from vehicle accessories with the engine off. In 2008, General Motors released its Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid model with AHS2 two-mode technology, which combines start-stop technology with regenerative braking and electric vehicle mode in certain conditions under 29 mph. In 2012, General Motors released its Chevrolet Malibu Eco model with eAssist technology, which combines start-stop technology with regenerative braking and electric boost in certain conditions. In 2014, General Motors announced that
800-472: The 2012 models, initially with 4-cylinder engines and later proliferating into V6s and V8s. Eventually, the system became available in all Ford vehicles. In 2013, it announced that start-stop technology would be brought into the second generation Ford Fusion models, and it built start-stop systems into the Ford F150 2015 model for the first time as a standard feature rather than an option. Formerly, only
850-521: The 2014-2015 European Le Mans Series . It is also powered by the P65B44 V8 engine. Turner Motorsport won the inaugural 2014 Tudor United SportsCar GT-Daytona Championship with an altered version of the Z4 GT3. Start-stop system In a manual transmission vehicle, stop-start is activated by stopping the car, shifting the gear to neutral, and releasing the clutch. The engine will not stop if
900-620: The Design Pure Traction and Pure Fusion Design package, which had the choice of the exclusive Valencia Orange and Sparkling Brown metallic paintwork respectively (alongside regular colours), and colour matching interior design elements. The Design Pure Traction package also featured a black hardtop roof. The E89 Z4 came standard with BMW EfficientDynamics technologies, such as regenerative braking and electric power steering. Models also feature an electric parking brake, engine start-stop system , directional headlights , and
950-581: The E89 Z4. The Z4 sDrive35is is not available with a 6 speed manual. It was only available with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission (DCT) in the M Sport trim, and uses an upgraded version of the N54 engine shared with the 1 Series M Coupé . The engine has a computer-controlled overboost function for 3rd to 7th gears. The boost function activates after each gear change with full throttle, and lasts for 7 seconds between 1,500 and 4,500rpm. Peak torque during overboost
1000-661: The European market since 2008. AS&G system is also available on Mitsubishi Colt (EU), which went on sale in Europe in 2008. Since 2010, this system has also been used in the Mitsubishi ASX (EU). In 2015, AS&G was added to the Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross . Hybrid/electric assist vehicles experience almost no delay in power from a stop, thanks to the instant availability of power from the battery to
1050-715: The GT300 class in a Z4 GT3. Tatsuya Kataoka and Nobuteru Taniguchi repeated this in 2014 . In 2013, the Z4 GT3 finished second at the 24 Hours of Nürburgring . In 2015, the Z4 GT3 Finished first at the 2015 24 Hours of Spa . In 2016, the Z4 GT3 was replaced by the M6 GT3 . The Z4 GTE competed in the GT class of the 2013 American Le Mans Series , the GT Le Mans class of the 2014-2015 United SportsCar Championship and
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#17327979159141100-601: The ISG (Intelligent Stop & Go) system (in Israel). Jaguar's Intelligent Eco Stop/Start was first fitted to the XF and XJ models in 2011 before expanding to the rest of the range. The redesigned 2012 Kia Rio and Rio5 (hatchback) debuted at the 2011 New York Auto Show was announced with their Intelligent Stop and Go (ISG) feature, or stop-start technology. Kia claims the combination of direct fuel injection and stop-start will offer 30 mpg for city driving and 40 mpg on
1150-788: The Lupo 3L, with an automated manual gearbox and clutch, the engine stops four seconds after the car becomes stationary with the driver's foot on the brake pedal. No other action is necessary. Removing the foot from the brake pedal initiates engine start and the car can be driven away. The gear lever remains in the drive D position throughout. The same applies to the Audi A2 1.2TDi, which is almost identical mechanically. Volvo introduced its start-stop technology in 2009 under their DRIVe branding. Mitsubishi Motors introduced this system in 1999 under its AS&G (Auto Stop & Go) branding, on their kei-car Mitsubishi Pistachio . Mitsubishi has been marketing AS&G Technology in its ClearTec branded models in
1200-714: The Polo Formel E with SSA around 1983, after having previewed the system on the 1981 Auto 2000 research car. Later the LUPO 3L, and after that in the Polo, Golf and Passat BlueMotion , which also include weight and aerodynamic improvements. The system is now commonplace in the Volkswagen range, fitted to all vehicles with the Bluemotion Technology package, though certain other models have the technology too. For
1250-682: The Z4 GT3 is approximately 1,190 kg (2,624 lb). In its 2010 debut season, the Z4 GT3 won the Dubai 24 Hour GT3 endurance event and finished second at the 2011 24 Hours of Spa event by the Need For Speed Team Schubert. The Z4 GT3 achieved several victories in the FIA GT3 Championship and Blancpain Endurance Series . In the 2011 Super GT season , Nobuteru Taniguchi and Taku Bamba won
1300-454: The air conditioner and other accessories as part of the i-ELOOP system; the air conditioner and fans are lowered significantly to minimum settings when the engine is off. With the air conditioning and fan at maximum settings, the supercapacitor will be drained in five seconds, and the engine will automatically turn on. This technology has also been used on Honda scooters in Asian markets for
1350-401: The car is moving, even if the aforementioned steps are followed (this is not true for all cars). The engine restarts when the clutch is pressed prior to selecting a gear to move the car. The engine may also restart if there is a demand for power from, for example, the air conditioning system. Since automobile accessories like compressors and water pumps have typically been designed to run on
1400-451: The car's components in order to reinforce the engine and electrical system durability and long-term wear resistance, as added stopping and starting cycles impose increased loads on those systems. To accomplish similar levels of durability , comfort and user experience to that of older cars without the system, the car's manufacturer can include any of the following enhancements in the car's industrial design : Carbon monoxide emissions and
1450-797: The car. The system is marketed as "SHVS Mild Hybrid System" (Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki) and available as an option in Ignis, Swift, Baleno in several markets. Tata Motors introduced this system on its LCV Tata Ace . Toyota showed a prototype of its six-cylinder Toyota Crown equipped with an automatic on/off switch in 1974, claiming a 10-percent gas saving in traffic. More recently, Toyota has been selling cars with start-stop system on their internal combustion engine vehicles since 2009, and since 1997 in their Prius hybrid line. Both Toyota and Mazda introduced stop-start technology, available also outside of Japan, in some of their 2009 model year vehicles. Volkswagen began using start-stop systems with
1500-430: The clutch. Cars with automatic transmissions shut down upon braking to a full stop; the shutdown is activated by pressing the foot brake pedal when the car comes to a halt. If the car is slowed initially by manual use of the automatic gearbox and final stoppage is achieved by using the handbrake, the engine will not shut down. The system needs to be implemented in conjunction with modifications and reinforcements on many of
1550-603: The company claims fuel savings of up to 10%. Nissan uses the S-Hybrid (stylized in all caps as "S-HYBRID") brand for their micro hybrid system. The S-Hybrid system is entirely contained within the engine compartment and does not require a traction battery. Vehicles with the S-Hybrid system are equipped with an Energy Control (ECO) motor, which serves as the gasoline engine's alternator and starter motor. These vehicles are also equipped with an additional "sub-battery" located in
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1600-417: The company took the technology a step further. Instead of using an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), BMW has used an enhanced starter which is a conventional starter, developed by Robert Bosch GmbH , that can withstand the increased number of engine-starts in a stop-start vehicle. BMW has developed the system such that the alternator is not activated most of the time. This means that electrical components in
1650-460: The crankshaft when driving away from a stop, providing a small amount of electric motor assist. In 2010, Opel introduced Start/stop in their EcoFLEX branded models. The system is used with Family 0 , Ecotec and MGE petrol and MultiJet , Circle L , and Family B diesel engines . Perodua first introduced the start/stop system in 2016 which is called "Eco idle" in the Bezza . Initially, it
1700-509: The decision was quickly made when Andrea Zagato proposed a collaboration with BMW. The body of the Zagato Coupé was built entirely by hand and includes a double-bubble roof and Rosso Vivace paint which changes colour depending on the lighting, ranging from a near black to a bright red. The Zagato Coupé also incorporates the letter "z" in its design, with the kidney grille composed of small matte "z" letters, with "z" letters embroidered into
1750-470: The driver and passenger. The 2015 Z4 18i received three stars overall in its Euro NCAP test. Yearly production volumes for the Z4 (E89) are as follows: The Z4 GT3 was an FIA GT3 -specification model available to private teams. It is powered by the P65B44 V8 engine based on the production engine used in the E92 M3 and generates a power output of 384 kW (522 PS; 515 hp). The weight of
1800-541: The electric motors. Gasoline and microhybrid vehicles, on the other hand, generally experience slight delays (albeit fractions of a second). In February 2001, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) raised questions about non-hybrid Honda vehicles equipped with the company's "Idle Stop" transmissions due to concerns over the "sudden lurching forward of a vehicle in an automatic restart" – rather than
1850-514: The engine at bus stops. Stop-start technology was fitted to a Bentley for the first time in 2016 on the Bentayga model. Bentley's system stops the engine when the car is stopped or moving slowly. BMW is including the technology across many of its cars and the MINI line for 2008 as part of its Efficient Dynamics brand. BMW has been interested in ways to reduce parasitic losses on engines, so
1900-476: The engine compartment to power the vehicle's electric accessories when the gasoline engine has shut down, instead of using a constantly-driven alternator. When the driver lifts off the throttle or brakes, the ECO motor is driven as an alternator to maintain "sub-battery" charge. In addition to being used to restart the engine, the ECO motor also applies 50 N⋅m (5.1 kg⋅m; 37 lb⋅ft) of torque for one second to
1950-551: The fuel shortage/oil crisis of the 1970s pushed car manufacturers to find solutions to reduce gas consumption. The first vehicle to use the automatic on/off switch was the six-cylinder Toyota Crown in 1974 and was already claiming a 10% gas saving in traffic. In the 1980s, the Fiat Regata "ES" with the City-matic system and Volkswagen Polo "Formel E" also used similar devices. The Volkswagen Group also adopted it in
2000-633: The highway in both 6 speed manual and automatic transmissions. In 2008, Land Rover fitted its Freelander with Stop/Start which could reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10%. As of 2016 all Land Rover and Range Rover models are fitted with Intelligent Eco Stop/Start . Mahindras were the first in India to launch stop-start based Micro Hybrid system in May 2000. This involved home-grown technology and first of its kind component development like Hall sensor based neutral and clutch pedal sensors, and later
2050-616: The last decade. Honda's PCX 125 cc model was released in 2010 with this technology for the European market, though its North American model does not feature it. Start-stop technology was introduced in Europe first because of regulatory differences: 25 percent of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is spent idling, while only an estimated 11 percent of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test
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2100-400: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E89&oldid=932804748 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages BMW Z4 (E89) The BMW Z4 (E89)
2150-813: The role of the starter and alternator into one unit; manufacturers include Valeo and Denso . FCA introduced the Robert Bosch GmbH made system in the end of 2008 in the Fiat 500 . Starting in September 2009, Alfa Romeo also introduced this system in its Alfa Romeo Mito series utilising Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT) 1.4 L Turbo petrol MultiAir engines. Late in 2010, Ford announced that its start-stop system, already used in its hybrids as well as several mainstream models in Europe, would be introduced in North America with
2200-560: The seats. The Zagato Roadster was the roadster version of the Zagato Coupé that was unveiled three months earlier, and was introduced at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance on 19 August 2012. The Zagato Roadster was manufactured in six weeks, from the first design idea to the finished model. Similar to the Zagato Coupé, the paint work of the Roadster changes appearance according to the lighting, ranging from dark grey to
2250-417: The starter motor, results in a near instantaneous engine restart time of 0.35 seconds. In 2011, Mazda announced i-ELOOP, a system which uses a variable-voltage alternator to convert kinetic energy to electric power during deceleration. The energy stored in a double-layer capacitor , is used to supply power needed by vehicle electrical systems. When used in conjunction with Mazda's start-stop system, i-Stop,
2300-439: The vehicle are normally running on battery power. When the battery needs to be charged or when decelerating or braking, the alternator is activated to recharge the battery ( regenerative braking ). Since this battery experiences very different load characteristics than a normal car battery, BMW used an absorptive glass mat (AGM) type instead. Due to the use of regenerative braking , some have started calling this type of system
2350-508: Was fitted to the second-generation 9-5 in 2009. The button to control the system was placed next to the gearshift like SAAB ignition keys of old. Many Subaru vehicles have been equipped with an automatic stop-start system. It was first launched in 2011 for the Impreza and Crosstrek . Suzuki's start-stop system is called EASS (Engine Auto Start Stop). Some car makers such as Suzuki have one additional small 12V lithium-ion battery inside
2400-472: Was only limited to the range-topping Advance variant. Subsequently, newer models such as the Myvi , Aruz , Ativa , and Alza started to feature this system as standard, even on base models. Renault introduced the technology in all of its European models in 2010. In 2009, Roewe 's Rover 75 based 750 was fitted with stop-start as standard with the hybrid 1.8 Rover K-series engine . A start-stop function
2450-576: Was succeeded by the Z4 (G29) in 2018. The E89 was the first BMW automobile to be completely designed by two female designers — Juliane Blasi (exterior) and Nadya Arnaout (interior) — in 2006. The Z4 (E89) was officially announced on 13 December 2008 and was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, alongside the MINI Convertible . The Z4 (E89)
2500-747: Was then launched in markets in May 2009. A total of €130 million was spent from 2007 to 2009 in expansion of the Regensburg plant for production of the Z4 (E89). Although its predecessor was produced in the Spartanburg plant in the United States, the E89 was produced in the BMW's Regensburg plant alongside the E93 3 Series convertible making it the third Z series car to be manufactured in Germany since
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