Pacradooni Kaloost Vartan (1835–1908) was a physician and missionary. He founded the Nazareth Hospital , the first missionary hospital in Ottoman Galilee .
107-690: EMMS International is a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) that provides medical aid to countries around the world and operates offices in the UK. Founded to provide clinical education and medical aid to people in need in Scotland, it later expanded to the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa through sponsoring the construction of dispensaries and hospitals. Its education expanded from training physicians in Edinburgh to training local nurses and physicians in
214-825: A donor who wants to see the supported project managed by a person from an industrialized country . The expertise of these employees (or volunteers) may be counterbalanced by several factors, such as ; the cost of foreigners is typically higher, they have no grassroots connections in the country, and local expertise may be undervalued. By the end of 1995, Concern Worldwide (an international anti-poverty NGO) employed 174 foreigners and just over 5,000 local staff in Haiti and ten developing countries in Africa and Asia. On average, employees in NGOs earn 11-12% less compared to employees of for-profit organizations and government workers with
321-610: A hierarchical structure; their headquarters are staffed by professionals who plan projects, create budgets, keep accounts, and report to and communicate with operational fieldworkers on projects. They are most often associated with the delivery of services or environmental issues, emergency relief, and public welfare. Operational NGOs may be subdivided into relief or development organizations, service-delivery or participatory, religious or secular, and public or private. Although operational NGOs may be community-based, many are national or international. The defining activity of an operational NGO
428-536: A March 2000 report on United Nations reform priorities, former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan favored international humanitarian intervention as the responsibility to protect citizens from ethnic cleansing, genocide, and crimes against humanity. After that report, the Canadian government launched its Responsibility to Protect (R2P) project outlining the issue of humanitarian intervention. The R2P project has wide applications, and among its more controversial has been
535-572: A certain number of pounds for each bike ride. For example, for the 2013 "Cycle Malawi" bike ride, participants must raise at least 2,950 in order to join the trip. To ensure the safety of the riders, the EMMS requires them to get the proper vaccinations and health screenings needed for each region that they will visit. In the past, the EMMS International did not limit its fundraising to only its own organization, but also helped fundraise for
642-792: A colleague of Vartan, Dr. Colin Valentine , founded an Institution in Agra for doctor training. In 1895, a graduate of the Edinburgh University, Dr. Neil MacVicar founded his own branch hospital at the Blantyre Mission in Malawi. A Scottish missionary doctor, Dr. Colin Valentine was sponsored by the EMMS to journey to India to provide aid in 1861. There, he was faced with many regulations in place that provided obstacles for medical aid. He helped men and women alike. Through
749-468: A community health initiative for expecting mothers. Using the special funds portion of the EMMS's contributions, the ISP also opened a general hospital that served rural villagers. According to the original plan, this hospital was later taken over by the government's health system. With the EMMS's financial commitment, the ISP has specialized in pre- and post-natal care for mothers. According to Alan Barker,
856-647: A community health program at the hospital. Since its inception, the program has led to immunizations increasing by 43%, youth HIV decreasing by 6%, attendance at HIV treatment clinics increasing 340%, and HIV testing increasing by 360%. The EMMS also helps support the training of staff and volunteers at two clinics in Malawi: the Tiyanjane clinic and the Umodzi Clinic. The Tiyanjane Clinic offers palliative care to people with HIV and AIDS who have been treated at
963-697: A deep understanding of the issues facing people and to tailor their services to meet the specific needs of each community. NGOs vary by method; some are primarily advocacy groups , and others conduct programs and activities. Oxfam , concerned with poverty alleviation, may provide needy people with the equipment and skills to obtain food and drinking water ; the Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) helps provide legal assistance to victims of human-rights abuses. The Afghanistan Information Management Services provide specialized technical products and services to support development activities implemented on
1070-700: A hospital in 2006, has expanded to provide medical aid and education to 172 villages of the Malto people. It is a Christ-centered hospital that helps the poor, underserved tribe of the Maltos. The hospital relies on volunteer outreach and Malto converts to Christianity. More than 60% of the full-time staff is Maltos. The hospital seeks to teach and empower local people to educate their own communities. With this aim, they teach school health classes and provide mosquito nets for areas affected by malaria. The EMMS has contributed funds for equipment and training of staff. Through
1177-500: A lack of resources. They may be contractors or collaborate with government agencies to reduce the cost of public goods. Capacity-building NGOs affect "culture, structure, projects and daily operations". Advocacy and public-education NGOs aim to modify behavior and ideas through communication, crafting messages to promote social, political, or environmental changes (and as news organisations have cut foreign bureaux, many NGOs have begun to expand into news reporting). Movement NGOs mobilize
SECTION 10
#17327983770691284-482: A trustee must undergo the re-election process. A trustee can spend a maximum of nine consecutive years as a trustee before he or she must take a gap of a year before going through the election process again. The board of trustees is broken down into sub-committees that are ongoing or time-limited to certain projects. There is one current sub-committee, the Finance, Audit and Investment Committee. This committee oversees
1391-530: A week for food. Despite this great adversity, he graduated in 1893 as the top student at Edinburgh University, having received numerous medals. In 1896, at the urging of the EMMS, he oversaw the construction of a brick building that served as the dispensary at Blantyre, Malawi. He was charged with the responsibility to "‘serve the mission and the natives first, the European community only next.’" Once there, he began training Africans as assistants. In so doing, he
1498-621: Is a member of the Fundraising Standards Board and has implemented the Finance Institute's Donors’ Charter and Code of Conduct. It invests in stocks, funds, shares, securities, and other investments. However, it does "not knowingly [make] investments in companies which, to any significant degree, manufacture, or deal in, armaments, alcoholic beverages, gambling, pornography, or tobacco." The EMMS provides detailed information in regards to its financial status and
1605-534: Is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control. NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some NGOs, like the World Economic Forum, may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them. The term as it
1712-486: Is delivered in a timely and effective manner. NGOs also play a critical role in driving change by advocating for policies and practices that benefit disadvantaged communities. They often work in partnership with other organizations, including government agencies, to address complex challenges that require a collaborative approach. One of the key strengths of NGOs is their ability to work at the grassroots level and to connect with communities directly. This allows them to gain
1819-411: Is located in an isolated northern region of Malawi and was established in 1910. With 100 beds, it serves 10,000 patients per year out of a population of 70,000. One quarter of the patients seen are admitted. The most common diseases treated are complications due to malaria, pneumonia, AIDS, and TB. One-third of the operating budget of the hospital comes from outside donations, which include those from
1926-466: Is not founded by an international treaty". The role of NGOs and other "major groups" in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter 27 of Agenda 21 . The rise and fall of international NGOs matches contemporary events, waxing in periods of growth and waning in times of crisis. The United Nations gave non-governmental organizations observer status at its assemblies and some meetings. According to
2033-715: Is observed annually on 27 February, was recognised on 17 April 2010 by 12 countries of the IX Baltic Sea NGO Forum at the eighth Summit of the Baltic Sea States in Vilnius , Lithuania. It was internationally recognised on 28 February 2014 in Helsinki , Finland by United Nations Development Programme administrator and former Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark . In the context of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), diplomacy refers to
2140-778: Is often used to judge it; less than four percent is considered good. According to the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations, more than 86 percent should be spent on programs (less than 20 percent on overhead). The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has guidelines of five to seven percent overhead to receive funding; the World Bank typically allows 37 percent. A high percentage of overhead relative to total expenditures can make it more difficult to generate funds. High overhead costs may also generate public criticism. A sole focus on overhead, however, can be counterproductive. Research published by
2247-470: Is organized on a local, national or international level to address issues in support of the public good". The term NGO is used inconsistently, and is sometimes used synonymously with civil society organization (CSO), which is any association founded by citizens. In some countries, NGOs are known as nonprofit organizations while political parties and trade unions are sometimes considered NGOs as well. NGOs are classified by (1) orientation- entailing
SECTION 20
#17327983770692354-536: Is the implementation of projects. Advocacy NGOs or campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change promoted indirectly through the influence of the political system". They require an active, efficient group of professional members who can keep supporters informed and motivated. Campaigning NGOs must plan and host demonstrations and events which will attract media, their defining activity. Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues related to human rights, women's rights, and children's rights, and their primary purpose
2461-546: Is the second hospital in Malawi to be created. The EMMS also funds the Ekwendeni College of Health Sciences at the University of Livingstonia. The university is one of only three universities in Malawi. The health sciences college has 144 student nurses who study for a diploma as a nurse/midwife technician. The EMMS has provided textbooks and funded a student hardship fund. These funds have been crucial as
2568-474: Is to communicate with NGOs about areas of mutual interest. Department of Defense Directive 3000.05, in 2005, required the US Defense Department to regard stability-enhancing activities as equally important as combat. In compliance with international law , the department has developed a capacity to improve essential services in areas of conflict (such as Iraq ) where customary lead agencies like
2675-703: Is to defend (or promote) a specific cause. Non-governmental organisations need healthy public relations in order to meet their goals, and use sophisticated public-relations campaigns to raise funds and deal with governments. Interest groups may be politically important, influencing social and political outcomes. A code of ethics was established in 2002 by the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations . Some NGOs rely on paid staff while others are based on volunteers . Although many NGOs use international staff in developing countries, others rely on local employees or volunteers. Foreign staff may satisfy
2782-484: Is transnational coordination by non-official members of the government, including epistemic communities and former policymakers or analysts. It aims to help policymakers and policy analysts reach a common solution through unofficial discussions. Unlike official diplomacy, conducted by government officials, diplomats, and elected leaders, Track II diplomacy involves experts, scientists, professors and other figures who are not part of government affairs. World NGO Day, which
2889-556: Is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the newly formed United Nations' Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influence—although they may receive government funding . According to the UN Department of Global Communications , an NGO is "a not-for profit , voluntary citizen's group that
2996-690: The European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations in Strasbourg in 1986, creating a common legal basis for European NGOs. Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to associate, which is fundamental for NGOs. The question whether a public project should be owned by an NGO or by the government has been studied in economics using
3103-529: The State Department and USAID have difficulty operating. International Health cultivates collaborative, arm's-length relationships with NGOs, recognizing their independence, expertise, and honest-broker status. International non-governmental organizations date back to at least the late 18th century, and there were an estimated 1,083 NGOs by 1914. International NGOs were important to the anti-slavery and women's suffrage movements, and peaked at
3210-505: The Urban Institute and Stanford University 's Center for Social Innovation have shown that rating agencies create incentives for NGOs to lower (and hide) overhead costs, which may reduce organizational effectiveness by starving organizations of infrastructure to deliver services. An alternative rating system would provide, in addition to financial data, a qualitative evaluation of an organization's transparency and governance: In
3317-992: The Washington Consensus . Twentieth-century globalization increased the importance of NGOs. International treaties and organizations, such as the World Trade Organization , focused on capitalist interests. To counterbalance this trend, NGOs emphasize humanitarian issues , development aid , and sustainable development . An example is the World Social Forum , a rival convention of the World Economic Forum held each January in Davos , Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum, in Porto Alegre , Brazil in January 2005,
EMMS International - Misplaced Pages Continue
3424-449: The "Cowgate Medical Mission Dispensary" in an old whisky shop in Edinburgh, Scotland on 15 May 1858. The dispensary was turned over to William Thomson . He transformed the dispensary into the "Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society’s Training Institution" on 18 November 1861. The institute was located in one of the worst spots in the city of Edinburgh in order to serve those in dire need. The institute coupled medical and missionary work into
3531-672: The Broadwell Christian Hospital of Fatehpur with resources for staff accommodation and equipment for operating. The hospital was founded in 1909 by Dr. Mary and Jemima Mackenzie of the Women's Union Missionary Society. In 1973, the EHA adopted the hospital. In 2003, the EMMS began a major sponsor of the hospital when it was in need of funding. The major services offered are reproductive and child health, surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, and community health development. In
3638-656: The Canadian government's use of R2P to justify its intervention in the coup in Haiti. Large corporations have increased their corporate social responsibility departments to preempt NGO campaigns against corporate practices. Collaboration between corporations and NGOs risks co-option of the weaker partner, typically the NGO. In December 2007, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs S. Ward Casscells established an International Health Division of Force Health Protection & Readiness. Part of International Health's mission
3745-495: The Christian values of the society and to provide insight from first-hand experience from those who served abroad. In addition to its formal publications, the EMMS maintains a website and blog to update readers on its accomplishments and to bring more support. The blog posts regularly begin with calls for praise and requests for prayer in the work of the EMMS. The blog quotes Biblical passages, such as Ephesians 6:12, to explain
3852-416: The EMMS has been valued by the project and has contributed to the holistic care that it seeks to provide to its patients and family members. Until 1951, Nepal forbid any foreigners from entering its country. Although visitors were allowed to enter the country, they were forbidden from engaging in Christian religious ceremonies and from converting others. Their punishment was jail and deportation. However,
3959-643: The EMMS's role as a Christian medical missionary organization . Also, the EMMS produces an electronic booklet called, "Prayer Focus," that guides the reader through different prayers for the various locations of the EMMS's work. Since 1992, the EMMS has been fundraising through bike rides in various countries. The first bike ride that it sponsored took place in Israel with the Norwood Ravenswood Charity. This bike ride took riders from Dan to Beersheba. The EMMS believes that bike rides are one of
4066-523: The EMMS. The EMMS supports the DGM Hospital through such projects as building staff houses, training its staff, and buying nessary equipment. This equipment has included an ultrasound scanner, a solar power unit, and a water supply purifier for the hospital facilities. Through its financial support, the hospital has expanded its treatment capabilities to include four clinics in neighboring towns of Luwichi, Mlowe, Zunga, and Tcharo. The EMMS has funded
4173-770: The Ekwendeni College of Nursing, the Enukweni Maternity Unit, the David Gordon Memorial Hospital, and the Mulanje Mission Hospital. The Ekwendeni Hospital sees 21,000 out-patients annually, of which one-third are admitted. It offers 183 beds and medical relief for an area of 45,000 with a larger referral area of 120,000 people. The types of specialties that the hospital provides are nutrition, ophthalmology, dental surgery, and laboratory work. The most commonly seen diseases are HIV, TB, and malaria. To accommodate
4280-501: The INF's Surkhet clinic in transitioning toward providing a TB and a leprosy wing for its patients. When the EMMS began its funding, the clinic had 30 beds to treat TB and leprosy cases. In 2005, a split was initiated so that the ISP would focus on the leprosy cases and another INF program took responsibility for the TB treatment. With the additional funds of the EMMS, the ISP was able to begin
4387-487: The ISP Programme Support manager, there has been an increase in the visits of mothers to health facilities for pre- and post-natal care. With the ISP available, mothers now give birth more frequently in the health clinic rather than at home without trained help. The ISP has expanded three rural projects in neighboring villages to serve women who are generally underserved. In order to reach these locations,
EMMS International - Misplaced Pages Continue
4494-445: The ISP received funds for a 4-wheel drive vehicle to transport field staff to remote locations. The vehicle also enables the ISP to carry the patients and clients to and from the facilities. The EMMS began its mission to Malawi with the passage of one of its students, Neil MacVicar, to set up the Blantyre Mission in 1895. MacVicar had grown up poor and subsisted in his studies through 5 shillings of unheated lodgings and five shillings
4601-610: The Institution in Agra, he fortified the students’ studies that they were taking at the Government School of Agra. Because this was successful, the students were provided with grants from the EMMS so that they could continue their work. Their training proved to be instrumental in the success of Indian medical missionaries throughout the region. In 1884, the Institution in Agra expanded to provide scholarships to men and women alike who were interested in studying medicine at
4708-511: The Middle East and then spread to India and Malawi. Each missionary operation was spearheaded by a primary doctor upon the urging of the EMMS. Under the direction of the EMMS, Dr. Kaloost Vartan founded the Nazareth dispensary in 1861. Later, the EMMS started a medical missionary dispensary in Damascus in 1885. A larger hospital was formed under the name Queen Victoria in 1898. In 1881,
4815-547: The Nazareth Trust until 2009. In 2001 the EMMS split into two organizations: the EMMS International and the Nazareth Trust. However, the EMMS International continued to support the Nazareth Trust through its bike rides until 2009. The EMMS raised £340,000 since the split to fund the Nazareth Trust and help in its nurse training operations. The EMMS does not limit itself to fundraising through bikerides, but also allows for other means of donation. These donations can come in
4922-563: The Office of Refugee Resettlement uses to help integrate immigrants to America. Government funding sometimes accounts for the vast majority of overall funding for these NGOs, for example Global Refuge received 180 million dollars of its 207 million dollar budget from federal funding. In recent years, government contracts to non-profits have exploded both in number and size. The Budget for the Office of Refugee Resettlement has increased from 1.8 billion in 2018 to 6.3 billion in 2022. Critics point to
5029-487: The Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH). An estimated 70% of the patients at the hospital have HIV. The clinic offers care and counseling to help people continue living their lives without agony. Pain is reported by 74% of the patients and 56% of patients require oral morphine. In order to better serves these patients, the EMMS sponsored the first Palliative Care conference of Malawi at
5136-497: The TB cases, there is a 24-bed TB ward that serves these patients exclusively. In their lab, doctors and staff research and conduct 27,000 tests each year. The EMMS has focused on purchasing necessary equipment, constructing new space, and providing funds for the hospital staff and training. The equipment that the EMMS has purchased includes a baby resuscitation equipment, a defibrillator, ECG machine, an anaesthetic machine, and an oxygen concentrator. There are three nurseries that have
5243-406: The UK as it developed. From 1841 to 1851, the EMMS largely funded special lectures on the topic of medical missionaries and how to serve people in need. The EMMS recorded these lectures and published them for wide consumption. The organization also awarded prizes for the best-written essays on medical subjects. In 1851, the EMMS began giving pecuniary amounts of aid to students studying medicine at
5350-506: The UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition political party . The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the welfare state . Globalization of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system, and was an important part of
5457-485: The University of Edinburgh. One of the founding directors of the EMMS, Dr. Peter David Handyside FRSE , established a medical mission dispensary to serve the Irish residing in Edinburgh upon the urging of Rev. P. McMenamy. While working with students as a director of the EMMS, Handyside realized that it could be beneficial to have a field location in which students could work with local residents. To this end, he established
SECTION 50
#17327983770695564-591: The Victorian era, the development of modern nursing, without which neither surgery nor medicine could have achieved half their triumphs.’" Later, the Blantyre missionary wrote, "We notice over and over again how much more readily [Africans] will submit to take choloroform, for instance, if administered by one of the boys [African assistants], and they too can coax patients when all our efforts are of no avail." Nevertheless, these African assistants were not treated with
5671-570: The World NGO Day, we celebrate the key civil society's contribution to public space and their unique ability to give voice to those who would have went [sic] otherwise unheard. European Commission Vice-President Federica Mogherini , commemorating the 2017 World NGO Day in Brussels Service-delivery NGOs provide public goods and services which governments of developing countries are unable to provide due to
5778-493: The addition of a maternity facility to the Enukweni HIV Testing & Counselling Center. The new wing of the center includes 8 beds for pre-natal and post-natal care, an advanced delivery room, and a neo-natal ICU. The center offers rapid-response HIV testing, which takes 15–20 minutes to diagnose, for women who are interested in checking their HIV status. The EMMS also funded the necessary primary components of
5885-634: The auspices of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society (EMMS). He married Mary Anne Stewart, a Scottish nurse, and immediately after the wedding he and his bride left for Palestine. Vartan's work was sponsored by the EMMS to whom he reported every quarter. With fundraising led by William Thomson , he was able to start the Nazareth Hospital. When he arrived in Nazareth in 1861, and started working towards
5992-452: The beginning, the [EMMS] was very publicity-conscious." In its first year, the EMMS published the "Annual Report," which documents its history and activities. In order to further enhance the EMMS's publicity, the EMMS began to produce a quarterly journal called the "Occasional Paper" beginning in January, 1854. It was distributed free of charge until October 1961 when it was no longer financially viable. In 1865, "The Medical Missionary Journal"
6099-414: The bike treks are not a "holiday" and are actually very challenging. In addition to the bike rides, the EMMS suggests that anyone who wishes to donate can join a fundraiser that other organizations lead. These "open challenges" come from organizations that the EMMS lists on its website that include Classic Tours, Discover Adventure, Travel2Give, and Different Travel. The EMMS requires participants to raise
6206-648: The body that organizes the future planning of the organization and oversees the accountability of the charity. With the board's agenda in place, the CEO is responsible for the day-to-day operations and success of the steps. The board and the CEO cooperate with each other to advance overarching strategy and budgets to meet the organization's goals. The board has several meetings throughout the year. There are between four and twenty board members at any given time. Trustees are selected by an appointment process and serve as trustees for periods of three years. After each three-year period,
6313-400: The budgets and expenses. It looks through proposals for expenditures and participates in the annual auditing process at the end of the year. The Investment Fund managers are responsible for the management of funds and are kept for a five-year period after which they must undergo a review by the Finance subcommittee. The EMMS seeks to maintain the highest professional and ethical integrity. It
6420-512: The capability of serving premature babies. It has also contributed to the construction of a cattle shed to provide food and income for the hospital's Orphan care Programme. The new operating theatre purchased by the EMMS has been hailed as vital by Enos Msowaya, the Senior Administrator of the hospital. Msowaya writes, "The new operating theatre enabled us to treat 12% more patients and improve recovery rates." The ortheoedic center
6527-506: The clinic. In addition to the care offered at the Tiyanjane Clinic, the Umodzi Clinic helps children who are HIV positive, have AIDS or have been diagnosed with cancer. It serves cancer patients who are 14 years old or younger. It provides group support to mothers and children. There are approximately 80 children who regularly attend the daycare center where they play and eat nutritious meals. According to John Wilkinson, "from
SECTION 60
#17327983770696634-420: The contents and direction of the training up to the site. In this way, the site can utilize its local knowledge to focus its training on what is necessary for it to grow in its work. Thus, the EMMS works to help both the brick-and-mortar construction of sites and the expertise of their workers. The origin of the EMMS can be traced to an American missionary, Dr. Peter Parker , who gave a lecture in Edinburgh that
6741-480: The cost to educate, feed, and house students is $ 2000 per year, while the student can only fund individually about $ 800 on average. The devaluation of the country's currency, the Malawi kwacha, makes it more likely that students will be in financial need for sponsorship. With the EMMS's contributions, the college was able to construct a male student hostel and become the first college in Malawi to train male nurses. The David Gordon Memorial Hospital (DGM) – Livingstonia
6848-490: The countries where it works. EMMS continues to provide resource assistance at all its sites. Based in Scotland, its vision is health for today, hope for tomorrow. In 2002, the organization split into two charities: the EMMS International and EMMS Nazareth which operates under the name of The Nazareth Trust. The Nazareth Trust owns and runs The Nazareth Hospital founded by EMMS. In 2010, the EMMS International supported 35 hospitals, clinics, and health projects. It specializes in
6955-671: The critical care component of the Shalom Delhi AIDS program until 2011, but has committed to full funding of this component since 2012. The critical care component is the treatment of HIV-infected individuals, affected patients, and others who are thought to have high-risk behavior. With the EMMS's funding, the Shalom Delhi AIDS program has been able to care for more than 1300 newly registered HIV positive patients. It has had more than 15,000 patients visit its out-patient department since 2005 and about 2,5000 patients have been admitted for inpatient treatment. The Christian message of
7062-507: The establishment of the EMMS hospital. The first floor of the house he rented housed the dispensary, with a separate room for four beds. That was in the area of the Old Suuq today. The extended house eventually became inadequate and, after many difficulties, the land on which the present hospital stands was purchased in 1906. Patients came from Nazareth and the surrounding countryside for medical care. In addition, hospital staff ran clinics in
7169-554: The facilities such as toilets, showers, and the laundry machines. The equipment in the facility was donated in part from the BBC Scotland channel that had extra maternity equipment from a TV series that was completed. The maternity facility serves 200 pre-natal cases and 100 deliveries per month. The EMMS funds one bed at the Mulanje Mission Hospital in the south of Malawi. The hospital admits about 8,000 patients and delivers 2,500 babies each year. There are 204 beds in total at
7276-456: The fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation. Funding sources include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds and private donations. Although the term "non-governmental organization" implies independence from governments, many NGOs depend on government funding; one-fourth of Oxfam 's US$ 162 million 1998 income
7383-399: The first president of the EMMS. The EMMS laid out two primary objectives. One objective was to train physicians to become medical missionaries. The second objective was to change the churches’ view about medical missionaries and to convince them that these missions were crucial to their work serving God. To meet these goals, the EMMS pursued several different approaches to medical missions in
7490-475: The following ways;: Similar terms include third-sector organization (TSO), nonprofit organization (NPO), voluntary organization (VO), civil society organization (CSO), grassroots organization (GO), social movement organization (SMO), private voluntary organization (PVO), self-help organization (SHO), and non-state actors (NSAs). Numerous variations exist for the NGO acronym, either due to language, region, or specificity. Some Romance languages use
7597-486: The forces that controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter." Some NGOs, such as Greenpeace , do not accept funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations. The 1999 budget of the American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP ) was over $ 540 million. In America, government funding of NGOs relating to immigration is common, and is one of the stated methods
7704-399: The form of stocks, stamps, wills, or direct funds. Stamp donations provide a unique means of raising funds of the EMMS. The EMMS will accept stamps from the UK and older stamps from other locations. Direct donations can be offered in the amounts of 10, 20, 50, 100, or whatever amount the giver chooses. It can be given as a one-time donation or on a monthly schedule. The board of trustees is
7811-404: The funding of construction of facilities, new equipment, staff training, and community health initiatives. EMMS international provides grants for individual student's electives overseas. Students can be in the medical, dental, nursing, or therapy fields. Although these students do not have to be religiously affiliated, they are required to spend their elective time at a hospital. Eligibility for
7918-492: The future medical missionaries’ daily routines. The Livingston Memorial Medical Training Institute took the place of the Cowgate Medical Mission Dispensary on 25 January 1878. The EMMS expanded from its UK headquarters to serve people in need in other countries. Its members went on to found several dispensaries and institutions throughout the world. The EMMS's overseas missionary work began in
8025-469: The good intentions of NGO leaders and activists, he is critical of the "objective effects of actions, regardless of their intentions". According to Shivji, the rise of NGOs is part of a neoliberal paradigm and not motivated purely by altruism; NGOs want to change the world without understanding it, continuing an imperial relationship. Kaloost Vartan Vartan was born in Constantinople ,
8132-637: The government of Nepal invited a group of Christians in 1954 to Nepal in order to build a hospital in Tansen and provide clinics in the Kathmandu Valley. After missionaries were allowed to enter, on 5 March 1954, eight missions located in India created an interdenominational mission to provide aid. This mission was called the United Mission to Nepal. Scottish missionaries were instrumental in
8239-403: The grants requires that students currently be enrolled in a university or college in Scotland, Northern Ireland or a Third World country. The EMMS provides on average £200-300 for this grant. Therefore, it is meant to serve as a supplement rather than as a scholarship. The EMMS provides funding for staff training in its sponsored sites, but does not dictate exactly what must be taught. It leaves
8346-824: The ground by other organizations. Management techniques are crucial to project success. The World Bank classifies NGO activity into two general categories: NGOs may also conduct both activities: operational NGOs will use campaigning techniques if they face issues in the field, which could be remedied by policy change, and campaigning NGOs (such as human-rights organizations ) often have programs which assist individual victims for whom they are trying to advocate. Operational NGOs seek to "achieve small-scale change directly through projects", mobilizing financial resources, materials, and volunteers to create local programs. They hold large-scale fundraising events and may apply to governments and organizations for grants or contracts to raise money for projects. Operational NGOs often have
8453-494: The hospital came under the direction of the EHA. The EMMS was instrumental in helping the hospital recover from the 2008 flooding that occurred in the region that swamped the hospital with 5–6 feet of water. The EMMS helped develop a new ward for the hospital with a specialized incubator for low birth weight babies that are frequent in the region. The Prem Jyoti Hospital is located in the northeastern part of Jharkhand. The health program began in 1996 and, since its registration as
8560-529: The hospital. By 1905, the average hospital stay of patients at the Blantyre Mission was about half of what patients experienced at the UMCA hospital. Moreover, MacVicar sought to have in-patient care so as to avoid forcing the patients to walk many miles to receive treatment each day. The EMMS works with the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) and assists with five major projects: The Ekwendeni Hospital,
8667-631: The hospital. The hospital's programs include environmental health, child healthcare, nutrition, and HIV & AIDS services. The EMMS has raised funds to build staff accommodation, renovate the Isolation Ward, exchange bedding, and improve the Children's Ward. The EMMS was also instrumental in getting a grant of £137,000 from the Scottish Government International Development Fund to establish
8774-590: The institute. The EMMS currently supports four Emmanuel Healthcare Association (EHA) projects in India: Madhipura, Fatehpur, Prem Jyoti and Delhi AIDS. The EMMS also trains nurses and fundraise for the EHA hospitals. The EHA is the largest Christian medical provider in India. It has 20 hospitals and 30 projects throughout 11 states that spread from the North to the Northeast of India. The EMMS provides
8881-467: The million-dollar salaries of CEOS and the use of funds for "music therapy" and "pet therapy" as a worrying sign that the money might not be appropriated to help the migrant crisis, but rather as a political move to keep wealthy backers loyal. Overhead is the amount of money spent on running an NGO, rather than on projects. It includes office expenses, salaries, and banking and bookkeeping costs. An NGO's percentage of its overall budget spent on overhead
8988-450: The most opportune modes of fundraising because the participants can not only see the locations which will benefit from their fundraising, but also will have a "real challenge [to] the mind and body and [have] an unforgettable spiritual experience." The EMMS believes that supporters will see the value of their contributions by visiting these site locations and seeing the effect of their funding efforts. The EMMS tells its potential visitors that
9095-500: The number of the country's primary schools and health centers. The United States, by comparison, has approximately 1.5 million NGOs. NGOs further the social goals of their members (or founders): improving the natural environment , encouraging the observance of human rights , improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. Their goals cover a wide range of issues. They may fund local NGOs, institutions and projects, and implement projects. NGOs can be in
9202-455: The party with the larger valuation need not be optimal when the public good is partially excludable, when both NGO and government may be indispensable, or when the NGO and the government have different bargaining powers. Moreover, the investment technology can matter for the optimal ownership structure when there are bargaining frictions, when the parties interact repeatedly or when the parties are asymmetrically informed. Today we celebrate
9309-478: The party with the more important investment task should be owner. Yet, Besley and Ghatak have argued that in the context of public projects the investment technology does not matter. Specifically, even when the government is the key investor, ownership by an NGO is optimal if and only if the NGO has a larger valuation of the project than the government. However, the general validity of this argument has been questioned by follow-up research. In particular, ownership by
9416-527: The past year, the hospital has seen over 10,000 patients and carried out 300 major surgeries. The Madhipura Christian Hospital is located in the northeastern region of Bihar. It began in 1953 as a dispensary founded by the Brethren in Christ Church. Dr. George Paulus served as the first medical missionary. The hospital now has 25 beds thanks to the work of Dr. Lowell Mann and Dr. Kreider. In 1974,
9523-1199: The practice of building and maintaining partnerships with other organizations, stakeholders, and governments to achieve common objectives related to social or environmental issues. NGOs often work in complex environments, where multiple stakeholders have different interests and goals. Diplomacy allows NGOs to navigate these complex environments and engage in constructive dialogue with different actors to promote understanding, build consensus, and facilitate cooperation. Effective NGO diplomacy involves building trust, fostering dialogue, and promoting transparency and accountability. NGOs may engage in diplomacy through various means such as including advocacy, lobbying, partnerships, and negotiations. By working collaboratively with other organizations and stakeholders, NGOs can achieve greater impact and reach their goals more effectively. Tanzanian author and academic Issa G. Shivji has criticised NGOs in two essays: "Silences in NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs in Africa" and "Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: What we are, what we are not and what we ought to be". Shivji writes that despite
9630-502: The public and coordinate large-scale collective activities to advance an activist agenda. Since the end of the Cold War , more NGOs in developed countries have pursued international outreach. By being involved in local and national social resistance, they have influenced domestic policy change in the developing world. Specialized NGOs have forged partnerships, built networks, and found policy niches. Track II diplomacy (or dialogue)
9737-478: The same number of qualifications . However, in many cases NGOs employees receive more fringe benefits. NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding and are run by volunteers. NGOs may have charitable status, or may be tax-exempt in recognition of their social purposes. Others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. Since the end of World War II , NGOs have had an increased role in international development , particularly in
9844-557: The same respect as Europeans. MacVicar acknowledged that "In a civilized country it would be a grave error to encourage men to practice Medicine and Surgery in a fractional kind of way," but that with such a limited number of doctors, it would be justified in an "uncivilized" country. MacVicar designed the Blantyre Mission as a model of the British teaching hospital. The hospital had two wards for African males and one ward for African women. There were two beds for European patients. There
9951-525: The son of a poor Armenian tailor, and attended the city's first American Presbyterian missionary school in Bebek . He joined the British army, serving in the Crimea as an interpreter, but after witnessing the dreadful inadequacies of battlefield medical facilities he resolved to become a surgeon. After his initial Crimean experiences, Vartan traveled to Edinburgh where he trained as a doctor at Edinburgh under
10058-460: The source of its funding within its brochures and on its website. For instance, from 2009 to 2010, the EMMS increased its income from £850,413 to £1,151,989. In its 2010 brochure, it outlines the various sources of income and compares these amounts to the previous year. A chart is provided below to show the development of income and expenditures from the years 2009 to 2010. Non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO)
10165-752: The success of the United Mission to Nepal, given their background in the region, helping Nepali migrants in the Northeastern region of India since the 1800s. The EMMS has supported the International Nepal Fellowship (INF)’s Surkhet Programme (ISP) over the past 10 years. The INF is a Christian medical mission that works to provide medical services to the Nepali people and develop various healthcare initiatives in Nepal to combat TB, leprosy, HIV/AIDS, and other health dangers. The EMMS aided
10272-499: The synonymous abbreviation ONG ; for example: Other acronyms that are typically used to describe non-governmental organizations include: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges. NGOs can act as implementers, catalysts, and partners to provide essential goods and services to those in need. They work to mobilize resources, both financial and human, to ensure that aid
10379-660: The time of the 1932–1934 World Disarmament Conference . The term became popular with the 1945 founding of the United Nations in 1945; Article 71 in Chapter X of its charter stipulated consultative status for organizations which are neither governments nor member states. An international NGO was first defined in resolution 288 (X) of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) on February 27, 1950, as "any international organization that
10486-449: The tools of the incomplete contracting theory. According to this theory, not every detail of a relationship between decision makers can be contractually specified. Hence, in the future, the parties will bargain with each other to adapt their relationship to changing circumstances. Ownership matters because it determines the parties' willingness to make non-contractible investments. In the context of private firms, Oliver Hart has shown that
10593-441: The type of activities an NGO undertakes, such as activities involving human rights , consumer protection , environmentalism , health , or development; and (2) level of operation, which indicates the scale at which an organization works: local, regional, national, or international. Russia had about 277,000 NGOs in 2008. India is estimated to have had about 2 million NGOs in 2009 (approximately one per 600 Indians), many more than
10700-602: The use of EMMS funds, the hospital now can give in-patient medical care and has improved its operating room. The Shalom Delhi AIDS program began in 2004 to serve the HIV/AIDS community in Delhi. The program offers critical care and general education under the "H.O.P.E" banner. The "H.O.P.E." program stands for homecare, orphans, prevention, and enabling churches. The most common illnesses that it treats are TB, diarrhoeal disease and Cryptococcal Meningitis. The EMMS funded in part
10807-594: The villages neighboring Nazareth. When the Free Church of Scotland mission wanted advice about starting their own missionary work, they asked him. Vartan and Stewart had ten children, five of whom lived to adulthood. The Vartan family were members of the Anglican Christ Church, Nazareth . John Zeller , the pastor of the church, assisted Vartan with his work in founding the Nazareth Hospital . Vartan died in 1908. An iris (' Iris vartanii ')
10914-488: Was attended by representatives of over 1,000 NGOs. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro , attended by about 2,400 representatives, was the first to demonstrate the power of international NGOs in environmental issues and sustainable development. Transnational NGO networking has become extensive. Although NGOs are subject to national laws and practices, four main groups may be found worldwide: The Council of Europe drafted
11021-561: Was attended by the EMMS founders. In his lecture, Parker discussed his role as the first missionary doctor to China commissioned by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and described his involvement in the founding of the Medical Missionary Society of China in 1832. Inspired by Parker's lecture, the EMMS was founded on 30 November 1841. Its founders included Dr. John Abercombie who became
11128-593: Was donated by the British government and the EU, and World Vision United States collected $ 55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Several EU grants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precise that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by
11235-404: Was more light in the hospital operating room than at other hospitals in the area. This light served to improve the effectiveness of the doctors, but caused anxiety in the patients. The African patients thought bad spirits could come through the windows. It also contained a central heating system through an underground fire chamber. MacVicar maintained detailed records of the treatments given at
11342-630: Was published concerning medical missionary news. In 1871, the EMMS began producing the "Quarterly Papers" that cost one pound annually, but was mailed without charge. In 1966, the Annual Report and the Quarterly Papers were made into one journal called "The Healing Hand." To supplement its publications, the EMMS also drew the interest of the general public through its monthly prayer and lecture series held at No. 57 George Square and other locations. These prayer meetings served to reinforce
11449-424: Was the first European to provide such training in the region. To supplement this training, he published a set of lectures that would enable an African assistant to carry out simple medical procedures, such as dressing wounds, without observation. MacVicar and the doctors who followed him expressed their indebtedness to the nurses and assistants. In fact, MacVicar wrote, "‘Perhaps the greatest practical development of
#68931