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58-674: (Redirected from Emperor Wuzong ) Wuzong ( 武宗 ) is the temple name of several Chinese emperors. It may refer to: Emperor Wuzong of Tang (814-846), who reigned over Tang China between 840 and 846 Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan (1281-1311), who reigned over the Yuan Dynasty between 1307 and 1311 Zhengde Emperor (1491-1521), of the Ming Dynasty, who served between 1505 and 1521 See also [ edit ] Emperor Wu (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

116-600: A chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong and (briefly) the reign of Emperor Wenzong's brother Emperor Wuzong . He was considered one of the leaders of the Niu Faction in the Niu-Li Factional Struggles . Yang Sifu was born in 783, during the reign of Emperor Dezong . His ancestors claimed origins from the royal house of Zhou dynasty , through a series of officials of the State of Jin of

174-405: A chancellor." He thus gave his daughter to Yang Yuling in marriage. After Yang Yuling's term as the sheriff of Jurong for a time, he stayed at nearby Yang Prefecture (揚州, in modern Yangzhou , Jiangsu ), where Yang Sifu was born. When Han eventually was able to see Yang Sifu, he stroked Yang Sifu's head and stated, "Your name and position will exceed your father's. This is a great celebration for

232-487: A copyeditor (校書郎, Xiaoshulang ) at the Palace Library . As he passed the imperial examinations under the auspices of the chancellor Quan Deyu , as were Niu Sengru (after whom the Niu Faction would be named by later historians) and Li Zongmin , he developed deep friendships with them. Later, during the reign of Emperor Dezong's grandson Emperor Xianzong , it was said that because Yang Sifu became well known by

290-414: A different kind. In 843, Liu Congjian the military governor ( Jiedushi ) of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi , Shanxi ), who had governed Zhaoyi in de facto independence from the imperial government and who had a strident rivalry with Qiu Shiliang, was seriously ill, and Liu wanted his adoptive son (and biological nephew) Liu Zhen to succeed him, and set up the power structure at

348-496: A different position to avoid suggestions of impropriety. Emperor Xianzong issued an edict in which he opined that there could be no impropriety since Yang Yuling was not his son's superior. Later, Yang Sifu was made Bingbu Langzhong ( 兵部郎中 ), a supervisory official at the Ministry of War (兵部, Bingbu ). In 821, by which time Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong was emperor, Yang Sifu was made Kubu Langzhong ( 庫部郎中 ), also

406-595: A drain on the state's economy. Coupled with his devotion to Taoism as well and his deep trust in the Taoist monk Zhao Guizhen ( 趙歸真 ), he set out to act against Buddhism, initiating an imperial edict in 842 weeding out sorcerers and convicts from the ranks of the Buddhist monks and nuns, and returning them to lay life. Monks and nuns were to turn their wealth over to the government unless they returned to lay life and paid taxes. During this first phase, Confucian arguments for

464-472: A foreign religion that was harmful to Chinese society. One notable victim of the persecution was the Japanese Tendai monk Ennin . Among its purposes were to raise war funds and to cleanse China of foreign influences. As such, the persecution was directed not only towards Buddhism but also towards other foreign religions, such as Zoroastrianism , Nestorian Christianity , and Manichaeism . Only

522-448: A letter in which he referred to her as aunt, although in the same allegation, he referred to a younger brother of hers as Yang Xuansi ( 楊玄思 ), and it would have been somewhat unusual, although not highly so, for Yang Xuansi and Yang Yuling to be brothers but not share a character in their personal names.) Immediately, Yang Sifu's chancellor colleague Chen Yixing was said to despise Yang and offered to resign, but Chen's request to resign

580-571: A major argument that led to the removals of Chen and Zheng. Emperor Wenzong had praised the talents of the acting director of finances, Du Cong . Yang and Li Jue thereafter recommended Du to be the ministry of census. Chen responded, "Such orders should come from the Emperor. In the past, those who lost stately sovereignty did so by losing their authorities to their subjects." Li Jue responded, "Your Imperial Majesty had told me previously that an Emperor should select chancellors, not suspect them." In

638-658: A previous khan ( Chongde Khan ), and held her hostage. Various Huigu remnants pillaged the Tang border regions, causing much disturbance for the Tang people. At Li Deyu's suggestion, Emperor Wuzong supplied food to the Huigu remnants to try to calm them, while accepting Wamosi's submission. When Wujie Khan subsequently demanded that Tang turn Wamosi over to him as a traitor, Emperor Wuzong refused. Subsequently, Wujie Khan's forces and Tang's border defense forces came into open combat, even though both sides continued negotiations. In 843,

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696-546: A prominent official. Prior to Yang Yuling's becoming prominent, he served a term as the sheriff of Jurong County (句容, in modern Zhenjiang , Jiangsu ). The governor of Zhexi Circuit (浙西, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang), which Jurong was in, Han Huang (who would, eventually, become a chancellor ), was impressed with Yang Yuling. At that time, Han was looking for a husband for his daughter, and he stated to his wife Lady Liu, "I have met many people, but none appears as primed for honors and long life as Mr. Yang. His son will be

754-611: A result, Niu and Li Zongmin were exiled to remote regions. In 845, Emperor Wuzong wanted to create his favorite concubine, Consort Wang , empress. Li Deyu, pointing out that Consort Wang was of low birth and that she was sonless, opposed. Emperor Wuzong therefore did not do so. (Emperor Wuzong had five known sons, but very little is known about them other than their names and their princely titles.) Late in Emperor Wuzong's life, he began taking pills made by Taoist alchemists , which were intended to lead to immortality, and it

812-482: A role in Chinese religious life.) By the time that Emperor Wuzong took the throne, his mother Consort Wei had already died, and he posthumously honored her as an empress dowager . Also, knowing that Yang Sifu and Li Jue had not supported him as Emperor Wenzong's successor, he had them removed from their offices. He instead installed Li Deyu , former chancellor under Wenzong, as a chancellor and effectively put most of

870-423: A subsequent discussion, Chen again emphasized that the Emperor should not yield authority to his subjects. Li Jue, offended, responded, "Chen Yixing is obviously suspecting that there are chancellors who are stealing power from Your Imperial Majesty. I have often requested retirement, and I would be fortunate to be given a post as an imperial prince's teacher." Zheng then stated, "Your Imperial Majesty ruled well in

928-465: A supervisory official at the ministry of defense, but was also put in charge of drafting imperial edicts. He was soon thereafter made Zhongshu Sheren ( 中書舍人 ), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. By 824, Niu Sengru was a chancellor, and he wanted to see Yang also promoted, but as Yang did not want to exceed, in his post, his father Yang Yuling, who was then the defender of the eastern capital Luoyang and who had never been chancellor, Yang

986-643: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Emperor Wuzong of Tang Li Chan was born in 814, as the ninth son of Li Heng at least, who was then Crown Prince under Li Chan's grandfather Emperor Xianzong . He was born at the Eastern Palace (i.e., the Crown Prince's palace). His mother was Consort Wei, whose rank was lost to history. After Li Heng became Emperor Muzong in 820, he made many of his brothers and sons princes in 821, and Li Chan

1044-587: The Spring and Autumn period , the State of Han of the Warring States period , Qin dynasty , Han dynasty , Former Yan , Northern Wei , Western Wei , Northern Zhou , Sui dynasty , and Tang dynasty . Yang Sifu's great-grandfather Yang Guansu ( 楊冠俗 ) and grandfather Yang Taiqing ( 楊太清 ) both served at the county government level. Yang Sifu's father Yang Yuling ( 楊於陵 ), however, would eventually become

1102-658: The Chancellors!" He withdrew from Emperor Wenzong's presence. Emperor Wenzong subsequently sent a eunuch to comfort him, and Zheng partially apologized, stating, "Your subject is foolish. I did not intend to point at Yang Sifu, but Yang Sifu's reaction shows that he has no tolerance for me." Yang responded, "Zheng Tan stated that the governance is deteriorating year by year. This does not only incriminate your subject, but also speaks ill of your holy virtues." Yang then submitted multiple offers to resign. Soon thereafter, Zheng and Chen were stripped of their chancellor posts. It

1160-471: The Prince of Chen, while creating another younger brother of Emperor Wenzong's, Li Chan the Prince of Ying, crown prince. Emperor Wenzong soon died, and Li Chan became emperor (as Emperor Wuzong). At Qiu's urging, Emperor Wuzong ordered Li Rong, Li Chengmei, and Consort Yang to commit suicide. During the brief mourning period, Yang Sifu served as regent . Soon after Emperor Wuzong took the throne, Yang Sifu

1218-402: The Tang general Liu Mian ( 劉沔 ) launched a surprise attack against Wujie Khan, led by his officer Shi Xiong . Shi crushed Wujie Khan's forces and rescued Princess Taihe. Wujie Khan fled, and subsequently, the Huigu remnants created only minor nuisances for Tang and no longer posed a major threat. Immediately after the dissipation of the Huigu threat, however, Emperor Wuzong faced a crisis of

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1276-502: The Yang household." He thus nicknamed Yang Sifu "Qingmen" (meaning, "celebration at the gate"). It was said that when Yang Sifu was six or seven, he could already write well. In 802, then-19-year-old Yang Sifu passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi class, and the next year, he passed a special examination for those with broad knowledge and grand speech. He was thereafter made

1334-447: The chancellor Wu Yuanheng (along with Pei Du and Liu Gongchuo ( 柳公綽) ), Wu, while later serving as the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ), invited them to serve on his staff. Yang was later recalled to the capital Chang'an to serve as You Shiyi ( 右拾遺 ), a low-level advisory official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng ), and also served as an editor of

1392-548: The chancellors Yang Sifu and Li Jue to the palace, intending to entrust Li Chengmei to them. However, the powerful eunuchs Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi ( 魚弘志 ), who were not consulted in the decision, opposed Li Chengmei, and despite Li Jue's objection, forged an edict in Emperor Wenzong's name deposing Li Chengmei by claiming that Li Chengmei was too young, and creating Li Chan crown prince instead. Subsequently, Qiu and Yu had soldiers escort Li Chan from his mansion to

1450-565: The chancellors, however, Li Jue opposed. Emperor Wenzong thus made the youngest son of Emperor Jingzong's, Li Chengmei the Prince of Chen, crown prince. In spring 840, Emperor Wenzong became gravely ill. He had his trusted eunuchs Liu Hongyi ( 劉弘逸 ) and Xue Jileng ( 薛季稜 ) summon Yang Sifu and Li Jue to the palace, to entrust Li Chengmei to them. However, the powerful eunuchs Qiu Shiliang and Yu Hongzhi ( 魚弘志 ), who were not consulted, opposed Li Chengmei, and therefore forged an edict in Emperor Wenzong's name, demoting Li Chengmei back to being

1508-406: The circuit to facilitate the transition. He submitted petitions requesting that Liu Zhen be allowed to take over the circuit. When Liu Congjian thereafter died, Liu Zhen sought to inherit the circuit. Li Deyu, believing that this would be a prime opportunity for the imperial government to seize control of Zhaoyi Circuit, advocated a campaign against Liu Zhen, and Emperor Wuzong agreed. Initially,

1566-575: The construction of the Temple for Viewing Immortals in the Imperial court. (Emperor Wuzong was one of the last Tang emperors and ruled China during a long period of decline; despite his reforms, he was unable to revive the empire through his religious persecutions. After his death, with the help of his uncle Emperor Xuānzong, Buddhism was able to recover from the persecution; but Christianity, Manichaeism, and Zoroastrianism never again played as significant

1624-618: The dynasty's own spirits (as Tang beliefs included that the dynasty was protected by earth), while Yan ( 炎 ) contained two instances of fire ( 火 ), which was more harmonious with earth. Despite this change, his conditions did not get better. The eunuchs, believing that Emperor Wuzong's uncle Li Yi the Prince of Guang to be simple-minded, decided to make him Emperor Wuzong's successor; they therefore had an edict issued in Emperor Wuzong's name creating Li Yi crown prince (and changing Li Yi's name to Li Chen). Soon thereafter, Emperor Wuzong died after drinking an elixir of immortality, and Li Chen took

1682-513: The first and second years of the Kaicheng era [(i.e., 836 and 837)], while less so in the third and fourth years of Kaicheng [(i.e., 838 and 839)]." Yang responded, "In the first and second years, Zheng Tan and Chen Yixing were in power. In the third and fourth years, your subject and Li Jue joined them. Of course, the crime is mine." He then stated, "I do not dare to again enter the Office of

1740-399: The government, like what happened during Jin dynasty . Meanwhile, by this point, Emperor Wenzong's son and crown prince Li Yong had died, and Consort Yang advocated having Emperor Wenzong's younger brother Li Rong the Prince of An made crown prince. (In Emperor Wuzong's later statements, he alleged that Yang Sifu supported Consort Yang in this attempt.) When Emperor Wenzong consulted

1798-450: The imperial forces could not advance well against Zhaoyi forces, and the campaign was complicated by a mutiny by the officer Yang Bian ( 楊弁 ) at Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan , Shanxi ) early in 844. Yang's mutiny was quickly put down, however, and the imperial forces continued their assault on Zhaoyi. In fall 844, the three eastern prefectures surrendered to He Hongjing and Wang Yuankui, and soon thereafter, Liu Zhen

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1856-533: The imperial government was concerned that three other de facto independent circuits north of the Yellow River (Weibo (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan , Hebei ), then governed by He Hongjing ; Chengde (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang , Hebei ), then governed by Wang Yuankui ; and Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing , then governed by Zhang Zhongwu ) would side with Zhaoyi. Emperor Wuzong secured their cooperation by effectively promising

1914-424: The imperial history. Because Yang was well-learned in the ceremonies, he was later made Taichang Boshi ( 太常博士 ), a scholar at the ministry of ceremonies (太常寺, Taichang Si ). By 815, Yang had become Xingbu Yuanwailang ( 刑部員外郎 ), a low-level official at the Ministry of Justice (刑部, Xingbu ). At that time, the former chancellor Zheng Yuqing was commissioned to revise the ceremonies, and at his request, Yang

1972-423: The leadership of the prince Wamosi and the nobles Chixin ( 赤心 ), Pugu ( 僕固 ), and Najiachuo ( 那頡啜 ), headed for the Tang border city of Tiande (天德, in modern Hohhot , Inner Mongolia ) and sought to submit to Tang. The leader of another major group, the noble Yaoluoge Wuxi , claimed the khan title for himself (as Wujie Khan). Wujie Khan subsequently seized Emperor Wuzong's aunt Princess Taihe , who had married

2030-460: The native Chinese ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism survived the upheaval relatively unaffected. He all but destroyed Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism in China, and his persecution of the growing Nestorian Christian churches sent Chinese Christianity into a decline from which it never recovered. At the same time, Wuzong went far to promote Taoist worship in China through religious regulations and

2088-427: The palace and, after Emperor Wenzong then died, persuaded Li Chan to order Consort Yang, Li Chengmei, and Li Rong all to commit suicide. After a short mourning period, Li Chan took the throne (as Emperor Wuzong). Buddhism had flourished into a major religious force in China during the Tang period, and its monasteries enjoyed tax-exempt status. Because they didn't contribute taxes, Emperor Wuzong believed Buddhism to be

2146-404: The prefect of Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou , Guangdong ). In 846, Emperor Wuzong died and was succeeded by his uncle Emperor Xuānzong . Emperor Xuānzong, who despised Li Deyu, sent him out of the capital, and began to move the five chancellors that Emperor Wuzong had exiled — Niu Sengru, Li Zongmin, Cui Gong, Yang Sifu, and Li Jue — closer to the capital. In Yang's case, he was made

2204-409: The prefect of Dongchuan's capital Zi Prefecture ( 梓州 ). After Li Zongmin again became chancellor in 835, Yang was moved to the nearby (and larger) circuit Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ) and to also serve as the mayor of Xichuan's capital Chengdu Municipality. In 837, Yang was recalled to the capital to serve as deputy minister of census, as well as the director of

2262-468: The reform of Buddhist institutions and the protection of society from Buddhist influence and practices were predominant. The religious persecution reached its height in the year 845 CE, ultimately confiscating the Buddhist temple properties, destroying 4,600 Buddhist temples and 40,000 shrines, and removing 260,500 monks and nuns from the monasteries. Emperor Wuzong's reasons for doing so were not purely economic. A zealous Taoist, Wuzong considered Buddhism

2320-406: The responsibilities of governance in his hands. (In 841, Emperor Wuzong further ordered Liu Hongyi and Xue Jileng to commit suicide and planned to order Yang and Li Jue to do so as well, but Yang and Li Jue were spared (and only demoted) after the intercession by Li Deyu and the other chancellors, Cui Gong , Cui Dan , and Chen Yixing .) One of the first things that Emperor Wuzong had to deal with

2378-554: The salt and iron monopolies. In 838, he was made, along with Li Jue , chancellors de facto with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi ( 同中書門下平章事 ). He was also created the Count of Hongnong. (Emperor Wenzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang might have been a sister of Yang Yuling's, making her an aunt, and in an allegation that Emperor Wenzong's brother Emperor Wuzong would later make against her (posthumously) and Yang Sifu, he stated that Yang Sifu had written her

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2436-486: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wuzong&oldid=826908088 " Categories : Human name disambiguation pages Temple name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description

2494-496: The secretaries general of the executive bureau. However, that year, Li Zongmin was removed from his chancellor post, and Li Zongmin's political enemy Li Deyu (after whom the Li Faction would be named by later historians) was the leading chancellor. Soon thereafter, Yang was sent out of the capital to serve as the military governor ( Jiedushi ) of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang , Sichuan ), as well as

2552-551: The three circuits that he would not interfere with their independence, and in fact secured the military cooperation of both Weibo and Chengde in the campaign against Zhaoyi by leaving the task of capturing Zhaoyi's three eastern prefectures, east of the Taihang Mountains , to Wang and He Hongjing. The other imperial generals, including Wang Zai , Shi Xiong, and Liu Mian, concentrated on Zhaoyi's two western prefectures, including its capital Lu Prefecture ( 潞州 ). Initially,

2610-577: The throne as Emperor Xuānzong. Consorts and Issue: Played by Edwin Siu , a fictionalized version of Wuzong was portrayed in 2009 Hong Kong's TVB television series, Beyond the Realm of Conscience . Yang Sifu Yang Sifu (楊嗣復; 783–848), courtesy name Jizhi (繼之), nickname Qingmen (慶門), formally Count Xiaomu of Hongnong (弘農孝穆伯), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty , serving as

2668-410: The title of honorary minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, Libu Shangshu ). It was said that Li Chan was silent, intelligent, and decisive, not showing his emotions easily. It was also said that Emperor Wenzong treated him and another brother, Li Rong the Prince of An, better than other princes. Emperor Wenzong originally created his son Li Yong crown prince, but after Li Yong died in 838, he

2726-574: Was killed by his own officer Guo Yi ( 郭誼 ), who then surrendered. After the Zhaoyi campaign, Li Deyu used the opportunity to carry reprisals against his political enemies in the Niu-Li Factional Struggles —those who were members of what would later be referred to as the Niu Faction (named after Niu Sengru ) against Li Deyu's Li Faction—including the former chancellors Niu Sengru and Li Zongmin —by accusing them of complicity in Liu Zhen's rebellion. As

2784-538: Was made his secretary for the task. Yang was also made Libu Yuanwailang ( 禮部員外郎 ), a low-level official at the Ministry of Rites . As this ministry was part of the Department of State Affairs (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng ) where at that time, Yang Sifu's father Yang Yuling served as Deputy Minister at the Ministry of Revenue (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang ) that was also part of the Department of State Affairs, Yang Sifu requested

2842-419: Was made the Prince of Ying. Little is known about Li Chan's activities during the reigns of Emperor Muzong or Li Chan's older brothers Emperor Jingzong (Emperor Muzong's oldest son) and Emperor Wenzong (Emperor Muzong's second son), other than that during the middle of Emperor Wenzong's Kaicheng era (836–840), Emperor Wenzong bestowed the honorary title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi ( 開府儀同三司 ) on him, as well as

2900-475: Was made the deputy minister of census. By that point, Yang Yuling had retired, and was old and ill. Yang Sifu requested to resign so that he could attend to his father, but Emperor Wenzong did not accept his resignation. After Yang Yuling died in 830, Yang Sifu left government service to observe a mourning period for him. In 833, at which time LI Zongmin was a chancellor, Yang Sifu was recalled to government service to serve as Shangshu Zuo Cheng ( 尚書左丞 ), one of

2958-399: Was not accepted by Emperor Wenzong. Further, as Yang advocated for Li Zongmin, who had been exiled, to be moved closer to the capital, and Chen and another chancellor, Zheng Tan , both opposed. It was said that from this point, Yang and Li Jue were often in a factional struggle against Chen and Zheng, causing Emperor Wenzong to be unable to rule on their proposals easily. In 839, there was

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3016-455: Was not made chancellor but was made acting minister of rites (禮部侍郎, Libu Shilang ) and put in charge of the imperial examinations. In 825, by which time Emperor Muzong's son Emperor Jingzong , Yang, in that capacity, selected the examinees for passage, and it was said that many of them later became prominent officials. After Emperor Jingzong was assassinated around the new year 827 and was succeeded by his brother Emperor Wenzong , Yang Sifu

3074-768: Was removed from his chancellor position and made the minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, Libu Shangshu ), as Emperor Wuzong knew that Yang and Li Jue, who was likewise removed, did not support him. Later that year, after Emperor Wuzong recalled Li Deyu to serve as chancellor, Yang was sent out of the capital to serve as the governor (觀察使, Guanchashi ) of Hunan Circuit (湖南, headquartered in modern Changsha , Hunan ). Meanwhile, Qiu Shiliang, who resented Liu Hongyi and Xue Jileng deeply, continued to make allegations against them, and in 841, Emperor Wuzong, believing in those allegations, ordered them to commit suicide, and also sent eunuchs to Hunan's capital Tang Prefecture, and Gui Prefecture (桂州, in modern Guilin , Guangxi ), where Li Jue

3132-419: Was said that from this point on, the imperial governance was largely in Yang's hands, and he was made, in addition to chancellor, Menxia Shilang ( 門下侍郎 ), the deputy head of the examination bureau (門下省, Menxia Sheng ). When the official Wei Wen ( 韋溫 ) argued that capable administrators should not be given high positions unless they had honored origins, Yang pointed out that this would lead to incompetence in

3190-469: Was said that his mood became harsh and unpredictable as a side effect. By late 845, he was seriously ill. In early 846, in an attempt to ward off the illness, he changed his name to Li Yan—under the theory that under the Wu Xing cosmology, his original name of Chan ( 瀍 ) contained two instances of earth ( 土 ) while only containing one instance of water ( 水 ), which meant that he was getting suppressed by

3248-596: Was serving as the governor of Gui District, to order Yang and Li Jue to commit suicide as well. (In the allegations that Emperor Wuzong came to believe, Yang had urged Consort Yang to become regent, like Wu Zetian did.) At Du Cong's urging, as Du pointed out that Emperor Wuzong should not become accustomed to killing officials so easily, Li Deyu interceded, along with Chen Yixing (who was again chancellor by this point) and other chancellors Cui Gong and Cui Dan . Emperor Wuzong relented, and both Yang and Li Jue were spared of their lives, but further exiled — in Yang's case, to be

3306-455: Was the collapse of Tang's erstwhile vassal and ally Huigu —which had supported Tang in various campaigns through the decades. In 840, due to internal power struggles, Huigu was weakened, such that when the Xiajiasi (Kirghiz) khan Are ( 阿熱 ) attacked, the Huigu khan Yaoluoge Hesa ( 藥羅葛闔馺 ) was killed. The Huigu tribespeople scattered, fleeing in various directions. One major group, under

3364-455: Was unsure whom to make his successor. Emperor Wenzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang recommended Li Rong, but when Emperor Wenzong consulted the chancellors , Li Jue opposed this proposal. Emperor Wenzong thus, in 839, created Emperor Jingzong's youngest son Li Chengmei the Prince of Chen crown prince. When Emperor Wenzong became seriously ill early in 840, he had his trusted eunuchs Liu Hongyi ( 劉弘逸 ) and Xue Jileng ( 薛季稜 ) summon

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