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58-482: This is a list of standardized tests that students may need to take for admissions to various colleges or universities. Tests of language proficiency are excluded here. Only tests not included within a certain secondary schooling curriculum are listed. Therefore, those tests initially focused on secondary–school–leaving, e.g., GCE A–Levels in the UK, or French Baccalaureate , are not listed here, although they function as

116-449: A norm-referenced score interpretation or a criterion-referenced score interpretation. Either of these systems can be used in standardized testing. What is important to standardized testing is whether all students are asked the equivalent questions, under reasonably equal circumstances, and graded according to the same standards. A normative assessment compares each test-taker against other test-takers. A norm-referenced test (NRT)

174-456: A rubric is meant to increase fairness when the student's performance is evaluated. In standardized testing, measurement error (a consistent pattern of errors and biases in scoring the test) is easy to determine in standardized testing. When the score depends upon the graders' individual preferences, then students' grades depend upon who grades the test. Standardized tests also remove grader bias in assessment. Research shows that teachers create

232-730: A common entrance examination conducted in Nepal for providing admission in Medical UG and PG courses. It is conducted by the National Testing Service . It is conducted by the Pakistan Medical Commission through National Testing Service. It is conducted by the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore . It is conducted by University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar . It

290-439: A computer or via computer-adaptive testing . Some standardized tests have short-answer or essay writing components that are assigned a score by independent evaluators who use rubrics (rules or guidelines) and benchmark papers (examples of papers for each possible score) to determine the grade to be given to a response. Not all standardized tests involve answering questions. An authentic assessment for athletic skills could take

348-414: A kind of self-fulfilling prophecy in their assessment of students, granting those they anticipate will achieve with higher scores and giving those who they expect to fail lower grades. In non-standardized assessment, graders have more individual discretion and therefore are more likely to produce unfair results through unconscious bias . Teacher #1: This answer mentions one of the required items, so it

406-635: A modern standardized test for IQ , the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Test , appeared in 1916. The College Board then designed the SAT (Scholar Aptitude Test) in 1926. The first SAT test was based on the Army IQ tests, with the goal of determining the test taker's intelligence, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking . In 1959, Everett Lindquist offered the ACT (American College Testing) for

464-667: A part of United States education since the 19th century, but the widespread reliance on standardized testing in schools in the US is largely a 20th-century phenomenon. Immigration in the mid-19th century contributed to the growth of standardized tests in the United States. Standardized tests were used when people first entered the US to test social roles and find social power and status. The College Entrance Examination Board began offering standardized testing for university and college admission in 1901, covering nine subjects. This test

522-788: A school is trying to compare students from across the nation or across the world. The standardization ensures that all of the students are being tested equally, and the norm-referencing identifies which are better or worse. Examples of such international benchmark tests include the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ( TIMMS ) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ( PIRLS ). Common Management Admission Test Common Management Admission Test ( CMAT )

580-427: A test taker with a broken wrist might write more slowly because of the injury, and it would be more equitable, and produce a more reliable understanding of the test taker's actual knowledge, if that person were given a few more minutes to write down the answers to a time-limited test. Changing the testing conditions in a way that improves fairness with respect to a permanent or temporary disability, but without undermining

638-641: A university in a state is based upon the performance of the candidates in the statewide Higher Secondary Examinations. These are usually given after completion of the twelfth standard/grade, for example, the HSC examinations of Maharashtra . Admission into federally established institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology and the National Institutes of Technology is usually based on a combination of performance in nationwide exams such as

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696-513: Is a type of test, assessment , or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population. The estimate is derived from the analysis of test scores and other relevant data from a sample drawn from the population. This type of test identifies whether the test taker performed better or worse than other students taking this test. Comparing against others makes norm-referenced standardized tests useful for admissions purposes in higher education, where

754-495: Is an online computer-based test conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), India. It is a national-level admission test for facilitating institutions to select suitable students for admission in all management programmes approved by AICTE. The first edition of CMAT was conducted in 2012. In 2014, the first CMAT was conducted between 20 February and 24 February. Around 1.2 Lakh Candidates participated in

812-771: Is conducted by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan . The tests are conducted separately by the respective universities. Until its abolition in 1994, the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) served as a standardized test for university admissions. As of 2024, each university runs their own entrance exams such as the University of the Philippines College Admission Test (UPCAT). Universities and other institutions of higher education formerly ran their own entrance exams. Since

870-501: Is correct and complete, so I'll give full credit. Teacher #2: This answer is correct, so I'll give full points. Teacher #1: This answer does not mention any of the required items. No points. Teacher #2: This answer is wrong. No credit. Teacher #1: This answer is wrong. No points. Teacher #2: This answer is wrong, but this student tried hard and the sentence is grammatically correct, so I'll give one point for effort. There are two types of test score interpretations:

928-435: Is correct. Teacher #2: This answer is correct. Teacher #1: I feel like this answer is good enough, so I'll mark it correct. Teacher #2: This answer is correct, but this good student should be able to do better than that, so I'll only give partial credit. Teacher #1: This answer mentions one of the required items, so it is correct. Teacher #2: This answer is correct. Teacher #1: I feel like this answer

986-415: Is cumpolsory and at least 1 other subject has to be chosen. Érettségi is divided into 2 levels. Most universities require at least one subject to be taken at Higher Level. From 2020 onwards, students wishing to enter into higher education will be required to have 1 subject taken at Higher Level. Admission procedures and entry tests vary widely across states and universities/institutes. Usually, admission to

1044-442: Is frequently academic skills, but a standardized test can be given on nearly any topic, including driving tests , creativity , athleticism , personality , professional ethics , or other attributes. The opposite of standardized testing is non-standardized testing , in which either significantly different tests are given to different test takers, or the same test is assigned under significantly different conditions (e.g., one group

1102-538: Is not new, although the current Australian approach may be said to have its origins in current educational policy structures in both the US and the UK. There are several key differences between the Australian NAPLAN and the UK and USA strategies. Schools that are found to be under-performing in the Australian context will be offered financial assistance under the current federal government policy. In 1968

1160-605: Is not used in most non-UGC/non–degree level programmes, even these institutes still use the examination results that JUPAS uses as benchmark agency. From 2020 all students who would like to apply for a university in Hungary will have to prove their language skills. They are required to pass a nationally accredited language exam at B2 CEFR level. Érettségi (Matura)is the national school leaving exam, where school leavers take exams in 5 or more subjects, among which Hungarian Grammar and Literature, Maths, History and one foreign language

1218-438: Is permitted far less time to complete the test than the next group) or evaluated differently (e.g., the same answer is counted right for one student, but wrong for another student). Most everyday quizzes and tests taken by students during school meet the definition of a standardized test: everyone in the class takes the same test, at the same time, under the same circumstances, and all of the students are graded by their teacher in

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1276-682: Is required for Ph.D. studies. Each University in Mexico has its own admission procedures. The official tests can be different, depending on the university the student wishes to enter. However, many major universities in the country use the PAA . UNAM uses its own test for the COMIPEMS selectivity contest for bachelors. They also have their own autonomous selectivity contest for undergraduate and graduate degree students, which has its own exam for each study field. Standardized test Any test in which

1334-641: The Gaokao system. Standardized testing was introduced into Europe in the early 19th century, modeled on the Chinese mandarin examinations, through the advocacy of British colonial administrators, the most "persistent" of which was Britain's consul in Guangzhou, China , Thomas Taylor Meadows . Meadows warned of the collapse of the British Empire if standardized testing was not implemented throughout

1392-829: The Joint Entrance Examination and the state–level Higher Secondary examinations. Admission to the National Law Universities is based on a national level entrance examination conducted annually by the CLAT . State-level Conducted jointly by some universities By universities Each University in Mexico has its own admission procedures. Some of them might use the EXANI–I from Centro Nacional de Evaluación para la Educación Superior "CENEVAL" (National Center for Higher Education Assessment). Many also use

1450-545: The Prueba de Aptitud Académica offered by the College Board Puerto Rico y America Latina. However, due to the autonomous nature of most universities in Mexico, many universities use admissions tests that they develop themselves. Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) – a standardized test taken by colleges to take admissions for BBA and BBM . Medical Education Common Entrance Examination (MECEE) –

1508-550: The War Office Selection Boards were developed for the British Army during World War II to choose candidates for officer training and other tasks. The tests looked at soldiers' mental abilities, mechanical skills, ability to work with others, and other qualities. Previous methods had suffered from bias and resulted in choosing the wrong soldiers for officer training. Standardized testing has been

1566-534: The de facto admission tests in those countries (see list of secondary school leaving certificates ). Admission processes vary depending on universities. From 2020-2021 session, most of the public universities are under some central admission tests. But, some public universities including University of Dhaka , University of Rajshahi , University of Chittagong , Jahangirnagar University and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology are taking their own individual admission tests. All private universities in

1624-482: The "Saber 3°5°9°" exam. This test is currently presented on a computer in controlled and census samples. Upon leaving high school students present the "Saber 11" that allows them to enter different universities in the country. Students studying at home can take this exam to graduate from high school and get their degree certificate and diploma. Students leaving university must take the "Saber Pro" exam. Canada leaves education, and standardized testing as result, under

1682-465: The Chinese use of standardized testing, in the early 19th century, British "company managers hired and promoted employees based on competitive examinations in order to prevent corruption and favoritism." This practice of standardized testing was later adopted in the late 19th century by the British mainland. The parliamentary debates that ensued made many references to the "Chinese mandarin system". It

1740-630: The Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES) was born to regulate higher education. The previous public evaluation system for the authorization of operation and legal recognition for institutions and university programs was implemented. Colombia has several standardized tests that assess the level of education in the country. These exams are performed by the ICFES. Students in third grade, fifth grade and ninth grade take

1798-590: The NCLB at the end of 2015. By that point, these large-scale standardized tests had become controversial in the United States not necessarily because all the students were taking the same tests and being scored the same way, but because they had become high-stakes tests for the school systems and teachers. In recent years, many US universities and colleges have abandoned the requirement of standardized test scores by applicants. The Australian National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) standardized testing

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1856-788: The country take their own individual admission tests. The central admission tests are, Admission processes differ in institutes. For secondary school students applying for degree–level programmes provided by the University Grants Committee (UGC)–funded institutes, they can only apply through the Joint University Programmes Admissions System (JUPAS), which uses Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) and Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) as benchmark agency until academic year 2011/12, and Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) since 2011/12. JUPAS

1914-552: The course of their schooling life, and help teachers to improve individual learning opportunities for their students. Students and school level data are also provided to the appropriate school system on the understanding that they can be used to target specific supports and resources to schools that need them most. Teachers and schools use this information, in conjunction with other information, to determine how well their students are performing and to identify any areas of need requiring assistance. The concept of testing student achievement

1972-574: The empire immediately. Prior to their adoption, standardized testing was not traditionally a part of Western pedagogy. Based on the skeptical and open-ended tradition of debate inherited from Ancient Greece, Western academia favored non-standardized assessments using essays written by students. It is because of this, that the first European implementation of standardized testing did not occur in Europe proper, but in British India . Inspired by

2030-607: The first time. As of 2020, the ACT includes four main sections with multiple-choice questions to test English, mathematics, reading, and science, plus an optional writing section. Individual states began testing large numbers of children and teenagers through the public school systems in the 1970s. By the 1980s, American schools were assessing nationally. In 2012, 45 states paid an average of $ 27 per student, and $ 669 million overall, on large-scale annual academic tests. However, indirect costs , such as paying teachers to prepare students for

2088-425: The form of running for a set amount of time or dribbling a ball for a certain distance. Healthcare professionals must pass tests proving that they can perform medical procedures. Candidates for driver's licenses must pass a standardized test showing that they can drive a car. The Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness has been used in medical research, to determine how physically fit the test takers are. Since

2146-651: The government funding all the college students. Students who get in to a National University through the Advanced Level Examination are not required to pay college fees. Most applicants to universities in the UK take national examinations such as A-levels or Scottish Highers . Separate admissions tests are used by a small number of universities for specific subjects (particularly Law, Mathematics and Medicine, and courses at Oxford and Cambridge), many of these administered by Cambridge University 's Admissions Testing Service . However, no admission test

2204-425: The introduction of the "new matura " in 2005, and in particular the marking of that exam by independent examiners rather than by teachers at students' own schools, the matura now serves as the admission test for Polish students. In Sri Lanka, A-Level is offered by governmental and non-governmental schools. The qualifications are awarded upon successful completion of examinations called Local A-Levels while most of

2262-878: The jurisdiction of the provinces. Each province has its own province-wide standardized testing regime, ranging from no required standardized tests for students in Saskatchewan to exams worth 40% of final high school grades in Newfoundland and Labrador. Most commonly, a major academic test includes both human-scored and computer-scored sections. A standardized test can be composed of multiple-choice questions, true-false questions, essay questions, authentic assessments , or nearly any other form of assessment. Multiple-choice and true-false items are often chosen for tests that are taken by thousands of people because they can be given and scored inexpensively, quickly, and reliably through using special answer sheets that can be read by

2320-539: The latter part of the 20th century, large-scale standardized testing has been shaped in part, by the ease and low cost of grading of multiple-choice tests by computer. Most national and international assessments are not fully evaluated by people. People are used to score items that are not able to be scored easily by computer (such as essays). For example, the Graduate Record Exam is a computer-adaptive assessment that requires no scoring by people except for

2378-649: The main point of the assessment, is called accommodation . However, if the purpose of the test were to see how quickly the student could write, then giving the test taker extra time would become a modification of the content, and no longer a standardized test. The earliest evidence of standardized testing was in China , during the Han dynasty , where the imperial examinations covered the Six Arts which included music, archery, horsemanship, arithmetic, writing, and knowledge of

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2436-454: The paper is passed to additional scorers. Though the process is more difficult than grading multiple-choice tests electronically, essays can also be graded by computer. In other instances, essays and other open-ended responses are graded according to a pre-determined assessment rubric by trained graders. For example, at Pearson, all essay graders have four-year university degrees, and a majority are current or former classroom teachers. Using

2494-459: The private schools award them upon London A-Levels. Local GCE Advanced Level qualification is offered by the Department of Examinations. Passing A-Levels is the major requirement for applying for local universities. This exam is very competitive, where students have to study college 1st-year and 2nd-year material and pass it to get college admissions. The tough nature of the examination is due to

2552-445: The qualification criteria to appear for CMAT, which must be fulfilled by every one of the applicants interested in taking this test. It must be guaranteed that the applicants must fulfill the qualification conditions of CMAT, before filling the application form. Non-fulfillment of the same may lead to disqualification of the candidate regardless of the stage of admission an applicant will be. The qualification standards are as under: CMAT

2610-457: The results of standardized testing. Under these federal laws, the school curriculum was still set by each state, but the federal government required states to assess how well schools and teachers were teaching the state-chosen material with standardized tests. Students' results on large-scale standardized tests were used to allocate funds and other resources to schools, and to close poorly performing schools. The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced

2668-408: The rituals and ceremonies of both public and private parts. These exams were used to select employees for the state bureaucracy. Later, sections on military strategies, civil law, revenue and taxation, agriculture and geography were added to the testing. In this form, the examinations were institutionalized for more than a millennium. Today, standardized testing remains widely used, most famously in

2726-406: The same test and the same grading system, standardized tests are often perceived as being fairer than non-standardized tests. Such tests are often thought of as fairer and more objective than a system in which some students get an easier test and others get a more difficult test. Standardized tests are designed to permit reliable comparison of outcomes across all test takers, because everyone is taking

2784-502: The same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test. Standardized tests do not need to be high-stakes tests , time-limited tests, multiple-choice tests , academic tests, or tests given to large numbers of test takers. A standardized test may be any type of test: a written test, an oral test , or a practical skills performance test . The questions can be simple or complex. The subject matter among school-age students

2842-409: The same test. The definition of a standardized test has changed somewhat over time. In 1960, standardized tests were defined as those in which the conditions and content were equal for everyone taking the test, regardless of when, where, or by whom the test was given or graded. Standardized tests have a consistent, uniform method for scoring. This means that all students who answer a test question in

2900-472: The same way will get the same score for that question. The purpose of this standardization is to make sure that the scores reliably indicate the abilities or skills being measured, and not other things, such as different instructions about what to do if the test taker does not know the answer to a question. By the beginning of the 21st century, the focus shifted away from a strict sameness of conditions towards equal fairness of testing conditions. For example,

2958-442: The same way. However, the term standardized test is most commonly used to refer to tests that are given to larger groups, such as a test taken by all adults who wish to acquire a license to have a particular kind of job, or by all students of a certain age. Most standardized tests are forms of summative assessments (assessments that measure the learning of the participants at the end of an instructional unit). Because everyone gets

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3016-528: The test. The Results were declared on 14 March 2014. By 2011, there were a number of entrance exams for management programmes in India. These included CAT , JMET , XAT, Gitam SAT, NMAT, SNAP, MAT, state-specific exams, exams conducted by management associations of MBA institutes and exams conducted by private colleges. AICTE launched CMAT to reduce the burden (physical, mental and financial stress) of students in attending to multiple examinations. Till 2015, CMAT

3074-516: The tests and for class time spent administering the tests, significantly exceed the direct cost of the test itself. The need for the federal government to make meaningful comparisons across a highly de-centralized (locally controlled) public education system encouraged the use of large-scale standardized testing. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 required some standardized testing in public schools. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 further tied some types of public school funding to

3132-467: The writing portion. Human scoring is relatively expensive and often variable, which is why computer scoring is preferred when feasible. For example, some critics say that poorly paid employees will score tests badly. Agreement between scorers can vary between 60 and 85 percent, depending on the test and the scoring session. For large-scale tests in schools, some test-givers pay to have two or more scorers read each paper; if their scores do not agree, then

3190-805: Was commenced in 2008 by the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, an independent authority "responsible for the development of a national curriculum, a national assessment program and a national data collection and reporting program that supports 21st century learning for all Australian students". The testing includes all students in Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 in Australian schools to be assessed using national tests. The subjects covered in these tests include Reading, Writing, Language Conventions (Spelling, Grammar and Punctuation) and Numeracy. The program presents students level reports designed to enable parents to see their child's progress over

3248-705: Was from Britain that standardized testing spread, not only throughout the British Commonwealth , but to Europe and then America. Its spread was fueled by the Industrial Revolution . The increase in number of school students during and after the Industrial Revolution, as a result of compulsory education laws, decreased the use of open-ended assessment, which was harder to mass-produce and assess objectively due to its intrinsically subjective nature. Standardized tests such as

3306-1341: Was held twice in a year but last year the practice was abolished as AICTE decided to hold the exam once a year on the third Sunday of January. Some of leading Business Schools have decided to keep out from CMAT , the reason given was "late announcement" by AICTE. But still quite a number of colleges accept their score. CMAT is a three-hour test. In 2012, it was conducted in a period of nine days (20–28 February) in two shifts at 61 locations in all over India. The better of two scores will be used for admission for 2014-15 The question paper comprises four sections: There are 25 questions in each section. While each correct answer carries four marks, each wrong answer will carry one negative marking. AICTE has now decided to conduct CMAT in Foreign Countries for facilitating eligible NRIs/PIOs and foreign nationals to appear in CMAT for seeking admission in institutions in India following CMAT merit list for 2014-15 under special provisions defined in AICTE Approval Process and against all vacancies left after completion of centralized admission in management institutions. CMAT Eligibility AICTE has certified

3364-591: Was implemented with the idea of creating standardized admissions for the United States in northeastern elite universities. Originally, the test was also meant for top boarding schools , in order to align the curriculum between schools. Originally the standardized test was made of essays and was not intended for widespread testing. During World War I , the Army Alpha and Beta tests were developed to help place new recruits in appropriate assignments based upon their assessed intelligence levels. The first edition of

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