The Environmental Media Awards have been awarded by the Environmental Media Association since 1991 to the best television episode or film with an environmental message.
114-464: The Environmental Media Association (EMA) is a non-profit organization created in 1989 with the stated belief "that through television, film and music, the entertainment community has the power to influence the environmental awareness of millions of people." The very first EMA Awards took place in 1991 at which Diane Sawyer was host and Robert Redford was the keynote speaker. The 27th annual EMA awards were held in 2017 and hosted by Jaden Smith at
228-464: A 5,000-seat tent. Nearby was a wax museum. The amusement area also included a children's play area, a puppet show, a porpoise show, and other amusements. A lake cruise traveled off the shore of Meadow Lake and an early log flume ride was also installed at the fair. A replica of the ship Santa María was displayed in the lake. There was a 10,000-seat outdoor theater in the amusement area as well. Two Coney Island carousels were combined to form
342-428: A CBS News investigative-television newsmagazine . In 1989, she moved to ABC News to co-anchor Primetime Live newsmagazine with Sam Donaldson . She and Donaldson co-anchored Primetime Live from 1989 to 1998 and its successor, 20/20 Wednesday , from 1998 to 2000. Sawyer also co-anchored a Sunday edition of 20/20 with Barbara Walters from 1998 to 1999. On January 18, 1999, Sawyer returned to morning news as
456-483: A combined $ 110 million on attractions such as artificial islands, and the Magic Skyway and Futurama car rides. Twenty-three state pavilions were built. The fair included exhibits from 24 U.S. states; these were Alaska , Florida , Hawaii , Illinois , Louisiana , Maryland , Minnesota , Missouri , Montana , New Jersey , New York , Oklahoma , Tennessee , Texas , West Virginia , Wisconsin , and
570-587: A few companies in the food, chemical, tobacco, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. Transportation companies, including the Big Three car makers, displayed products in the Transportation Area of the fairground. Several of the industry pavilions offered free merchandise or other sponsorships, which often attracted customers. Moses provided about 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land for religious groups and invited every major sect of Christianity to
684-649: A film studio for independent filmmakers was also built. Pinkerton matrons operated a lost-child bureau with activities and games for lost children. Foreign cultures and American technologies were featured at the fair. While WFC rules technically prevented the fair's officials from influencing the design or contents of any exhibits, the WFC retained a significant influence on the contents of exhibits. For example, developing nations were encouraged to show their art and culture rather than technology, and WFC officials pressured Islamic nations to emphasize their religion. The fair had
798-463: A general-assignment reporter. She was promoted to political correspondent in February 1980 and featured on the weekday broadcasts of Morning with Charles Kuralt . When CBS expanded its morning news show from 60 to 90 minutes, Sawyer was announced as co-anchor on May 13, 1981, by the president of CBS News . With her debut on September 28, 1981, she put her own stamp on the broadcast. The ratings for
912-588: A girl as the fair's mascots . Exhibitors were required to operate from 10 am to 10 pm daily, although the fairground opened at 9 am. Exhibits were prepared and cleaned throughout the night; the Vatican pavilion was the only attraction with a live-in caretaker. Many exhibitors hired racially diverse staff. In addition, the WFC required each exhibitor to purchase insurance from Campo & Roberts, which earned $ 3 million from insurance commissions. The WFC did not host official press previews in
1026-406: A lack of participation from BIE members, only six major countries—Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and Pakistan—had official exhibits at the fair. Some BIE member countries hosted unofficial exhibits or were represented by those of private companies, and several countries were represented solely by an industry exhibit. Other countries were represented by regional pavilions, such as those for
1140-408: A large number of restaurants and eateries. When it opened, there were between 110 and 114 eateries, 61 of which were within pavilions. There were six specialty restaurants and 25 fine-dining restaurants operated by Brass Rail. Restaurant Associates was contracted to operate several of the restaurants but its contract was canceled because of a dispute over signage, and Brass Rail instead received
1254-709: A lawyer who first discussed the idea at a family dinner in 1958 before suggesting it at a meeting of the Mutual Admiration Society the following year. The year 1964 was nominally selected to coincide with the 300th anniversary of the British conquest of the Dutch colony of New Netherland . Kopple and two friends, Charles Preusse and Thomas J. Deegan, met with 35 potential financiers at the 21 Club restaurant. New York City mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. and parks commissioner Robert Moses formally endorsed
SECTION 10
#17327808363061368-479: A master plan for the fair; he wanted to save the WFC money by having exhibitors erect most of their own pavilions, The city government implemented a building code and health code , which Potter enforced. Nearly all of the buildings were to be temporary structures. The 1964 fair was to be themed "peace through understanding". WFC member Jerome Weinstein suggested the motto, which was inspired by an ideal Kopple had wanted for his daughters. According to Moses,
1482-612: A mural in the Jordan pavilion. Thefts and breakdowns regularly occurred. Exhibitors complained about high rental rates and insufficient maintenance of the fairground. The Lake Amusement Area was especially unprofitable; it had few attractions and was difficult to access. Many of the most-popular exhibits charged an additional fee, and visitors often did not bring enough money for food or for high-priced exhibits. The WFC unsuccessfully attempted to entice visitors by offering discounts to taxi drivers and improving fairground lighting, and
1596-468: A reduction in admission fees, and that a reduced-price evening admission ticket be sold. Moses refused both proposals, and several exhibitors threatened to close their pavilions before retracting. At the beginning of the 1965 season, there were issues such as race-related protests, Vietnam War protests, a controversy over a racially insensitive song in one pavilion, and disputes between Jewish and Arab exhibitors. Vandalism also increased due to
1710-457: A son from previous marriages. He died on November 19, 2014, at the age of 83. The "List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women" in Forbes magazine reported that, between June 2005 and June 2008, Sawyer made approximately $ 12 million, solely from entertainment income. 1964 New York World%27s Fair The 1964 New York World's Fair (also known as the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair )
1824-430: A sustained increase in attendance, and the fair recorded more than 250,000 daily visitors for three consecutive weeks. Exhibitors worried potential visitors would be dissuaded by the overcrowding. The architect and writer Robert A. M. Stern attributed the increase in attendance to a prevailing feeling the 1964 fair would be one of the last lavish world's fairs. Pope Paul VI visited the fair on October 4, 1965, during
1938-583: Is an American television broadcast journalist known for anchoring major programs on two networks including ABC World News Tonight , Good Morning America , 20/20 , and Primetime newsmagazine while at ABC News . During her tenure at CBS News , she hosted CBS Morning and was the first woman correspondent on 60 Minutes . Prior to her journalism career, she was a member of U.S. President Richard Nixon 's White House staff and assisted in his post-presidency memoirs. Presently she works for ABC News producing documentaries and interview specials. Sawyer
2052-534: The Barker Hangar, Santa Monica Airport . The 29th annual EMA awards took place in 2019, hosted Karrueche Tran , with Isle of Dogs by Wes Anderson winning the award for best feature film. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic , the 30th Environmental Media Association’s awards ceremony in 2020 was held "virtually" via a livestreamed event. 2021 saw a return to a more traditional awards event, after
2166-787: The Flushing Meadows Carousel . The Florida pavilion took over much of the Lake Area in 1965, and two amusement areas called Carnival and Continental Park were added. Outside the Lake Area were the Fiesta Playground and the Sculpture Continuum Playground. The American Machine and Foundry Company constructed a suspended monorail with two 4,000-foot-long (1,200 m) tracks in the Lake Area. The line had seven 80-passenger, two-car-long trains. Another transport attraction at
2280-557: The IBM Pavilion was shaped like a giant egg. Most of the structures were designed so they could easily be demolished after the fair and rebuilt elsewhere. Any person or entity who could afford to rent the land and construct a pavilion could rent exhibition space at the fair. Thus, the space was dominated by large corporations. Private companies spent a combined $ 300 million on their pavilions. The Big Three car manufacturers— Chrysler , Ford , and General Motors —alone spent
2394-562: The Senate Watergate Committee concerning Nixon's involvement in the Watergate coverup, Sawyer and Larry Speakes were assigned to the staff of Nixon's lawyer J. Fred Buzhardt for a project to "prove" that Dean was lying. Speakes later claimed that he had come to the conclusion that Dean had not lied, and that he informed Sawyer, but they continued their efforts. Sawyer continued through Nixon's resignation from
SECTION 20
#17327808363062508-781: The United States Congress and the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), the French organization that was in charge of approving world's fairs. Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. , were submitting competing bids, so in October 1959, U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed a committee to review the 1964 world's fair bids, and he approved the New York bid later that month. By late 1959, 75 nations had informally indicated an intention to attend
2622-448: The Watergate scandal . In 2005, Deep Throat was identified as W. Mark Felt , but prior to that, Rabbi Baruch Korff – a longtime Nixon confidant and defender known as "Nixon's rabbi" – said on his deathbed that he believed Sawyer was Deep Throat. Sawyer laughed it off and became one of six people to request and receive a public denial from Woodward. When Sawyer came back to Washington, D.C., in 1978, she joined CBS News as
2736-472: The White House deputy press secretary . Initially, Sawyer wrote press releases and quickly graduated to other tasks like drafting some of President Richard Nixon 's public statements. Within a few months, she became an administrative assistant to White House Press Secretary Ron Ziegler and eventually rose to become a staff assistant for U.S. President Richard Nixon. In 1973 when John Dean testified to
2850-440: The number seven route that served Willets Point station near the fair. Although a dedicated subway line had served the 1939 fair, no such route was built for 1964. A luxury bus service carried "distinguished guests" to and from the fair. There were 20,000 parking spaces, and shuttle buses transported people from the parking lots to the main gate. The fairground had nine fountains and eleven reflecting pools. Seven of
2964-416: The 1939 fair, the site was used as a park, but fell into disrepair due to a lack of funds. The development of the 1964 fair coincided with social upheavals of the early 1960s, including the civil rights movement , Vietnam War protests , and the aftermath of U.S. President John F. Kennedy's assassination . The idea for the 1964 fair was conceived by a group of businessmen. Among them was Robert Kopple,
3078-511: The 1964 fair said the exposition was supposed to be "cultural and sophisticated", and Deegan claimed that the exposition would be the "greatest single event in history". Each section of the fair was designed in several architectural styles, and many of the pavilions were designed in a Space Age style. Some pavilions used experimental designs; for example, the Bell System Pavilion was supported by massive cantilevers, while
3192-575: The BIE as a "bunch of clowns in Paris". Due to Moses' behavior, the BIE instead decided to approve the 1962 Seattle World's Fair , and directed its members to not host official exhibits at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The WFC planned to issue $ 500 million in bonds , a figure that was later decreased to $ 150 million. Moses said the 1964 fair would be a "billion-dollar" event, though this included expenses for related projects such as roads and
3306-629: The Caribbean and Africa. Many of the international pavilions sold merchandise. The Industrial Area had 43 pavilions, representing nearly 350 American companies. Most of the companies were consolidated within four exhibit buildings, though about 36 companies had their own pavilions. Corporations rented land from the WFC, while religious organizations were not required to pay for their space. Large firms such as Bell Telephone Company , DuPont , IBM, Kodak , RCA , The Travelers Companies , and US Royal Tires participated. The 1964 fair included only
3420-824: The Federal & State Area at the center of the fairground near the Unisphere. The international exhibits were concentrated in the International Area—a group of pavilions surrounding the Unisphere. Industry pavilions were concentrated around the Industrial Area on the eastern end near the Van Wyck Expressway . The Transportation Area was on the western side of the fairground. South of the Long Island Expressway, connected with
3534-559: The Lake Area. The WFC asked the New York City Transit Authority to increase subway service to the fair, and 26 exhibitors collaborated on a promotional campaign. Fifty-three exhibitors proposed naming the first week of the 1965 season Fair Festival Week, to which Wagner agreed. The WFC produced a promotional film titled To the Fair , and individual exhibitors produced their own films. To reduce its debts,
Environmental Media Awards - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-622: The Planets are connected via the Fountain of the Fairs, which included a five-section reflecting pool and two rectangular pools. The fairground had 28 mi (45 km), 39 mi (63 km), or 40 mi (64 km) of paths, and numerous plazas. Throughout the fairground were information booths operated by Greyhound Bus . Near the northern end of the fairground was a customs building, where customs officials examined items bound for
3762-652: The U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson . The same day, Johnson dedicated the United States Pavilion , while Rockefeller and Moses dedicated the New York State Pavilion. During the opening ceremonies, hundreds of civil-rights activists organized a sit-in and were arrested. The civil-rights group Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) proposed a "stall-in" to block roads leading to the fair, but few activists participated. The opening ceremony attracted 90,000 attendees, fewer than half of
3876-560: The U.S. to promote the fair, and local chapters of the Elks , Kiwanis , and Rotary clubs promoted the fair nationwide. The WFC issued collectible medallions in bronze and silver that were manufactured by Medallic Art Company . Commemorative postage stamps were issued to celebrate the fair, both inside and outside the U.S. Some New York license plates also bore slogans advertising the fair. Several hotels were built nearby to accommodate fair visitors, and public transit and roads linking
3990-405: The WFC $ 3.5 million, but the WFC indicated it needed only $ 1 million. Though city officials wanted to remove Moses as the WFC's president, he retained his position. When Moses said he would spend $ 6.4 million to renovate Flushing Meadows–Corona Park before repaying debts, the WFC's finance chairman resigned. Two Marine Midland Bank branches provided a $ 1 million loan to
4104-470: The WFC decreased its budget for the 1965 season and dismissed some employees. More than 150,000 people attended the reopening of the fair on April 21, 1965. The Ethiopian long-distance runners Abebe Bikila and Mamo Wolde participated in a ceremonial half marathon , running from Central Park in Manhattan to Singer Bowl at the fairground. Unlike the 1964 opening ceremony, no protests occurred at
4218-456: The WFC had squandered money by not awarding contracts through competitive bidding and by spending nearly everything it had on expenses it incurred before and during 1964. Despite Moses's denials of wrongdoing, Queens district attorney Frank D. O'Connor opened a criminal inquiry into the WFC shortly afterward. Moses installed highway signs promoting the fair and refused to remove them, even after city traffic commissioner Henry A. Barnes called
4332-507: The WFC had tried to request an exemption. The New York fair would also charge rent to foreign governments, contravening another BIE rule that prevented rent from being charged to exhibitors. In addition, the BIE allowed only one exposition per country every ten years. These rules were not immutable; for example, the BIE had recognized the 1939 fair, even though the previous exposition had run for two seasons. Moses refused to negotiate with BIE officials and treated them derisively, belittling
4446-494: The WFC sold certificates that allowed a class of 25 students to enter the fair for $ 6.25. Moses predicted ticket sales of $ 120 million and a net profit of $ 40 million. Initially, city officials predicted people would spend $ 5 billion in the city due to the fair, an estimate that was later reduced to $ 2.5 billion. Though the fair employed up to 20,000 people but the WFC directly employed only between 180 and 200 people. There were 3,000 Pinkerton employees on
4560-428: The WFC that March, which the WFC repaid two months later. During the off-season, several exhibitors renovated and modified their pavilions, spending over $ 7 million between them. At least 50 exhibits were upgraded and five major attractions were added, along with free entertainments and science demonstrations. New artworks and films were added to several pavilions. The struggling Lake Amusement Area became
4674-677: The WFC was planning promotional campaigns by the end of June. The J. Walter Thompson Company advertised the fair in New York City–area media. By mid-1964, some exhibitors had gone out of business, including the two largest shows in the Lake Amusement Area. Employees, especially the 4,000 college students who worked the fair, faced occupational burnout . Despite the troubles, the WFC was able to buy back one quarter of its promissory notes in mid-1964, and to attract visitors, exhibitors publicly downplayed their grievances with
Environmental Media Awards - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-516: The WFC's president that May. Moses wanted the fair to run for two years, and consultants for the WFC predicted the fair would have 70 million visitors during that time. Moses traveled to Paris to ask for the BIE's recognition of the fair. The BIE allowed the WFC to begin planning the fair in November 1959, but its officials decided to not formally recognize the fair. Under BIE rules, world's fairs could run for only one six-month period, though
4902-481: The WFC, and the WFC fired Deegan's public-relations firm, which had been receiving $ 300,000 annually for four years, following criticism over the firm's compensation. The WFC's internal audit found a $ 17.5 million deficit, but lawsuits delayed Beame's audit for several months. By February 1965, at least 14 exhibitors in the 1964 season had declared bankruptcy. Franklin National Bank offered to lend
5016-478: The WFC. The industrial and international pavilions were more profitable than the amusement area, whose financial troubles did not bother Moses. The fair had difficulty attracting more than 200,000 daily visitors, even during July and August when students were on summer break . The fair recorded 13.4 million visitors by the season's midpoint in July 1964, and it received 5.8 million visitors that August,
5130-420: The amusement area's operator following disagreements over ticket prices and rides. Work on many of the pavilions was behind schedule due to funding issues, labor shortages, and poor weather. There were also labor strikes, exhibitor withdrawals, and continuing racial tensions. Despite these difficulties, many pavilions were nearly completed by late 1963, and the WFC had sold 3.8 million advance tickets by
5244-531: The anchor chair at ABC World News in September 2014. She remained with ABC News to focus on creating specials and conducting high-profile interviews. Sawyer was in relationships with Frank Gannon, aide to President Richard Nixon , as well as American diplomat Richard Holbrooke , politician Bill Bradley , and actor Warren Beatty . On April 29, 1988, she married film and theatre director, producer, and actor Mike Nichols . Nichols had two daughters and
5358-622: The area, the site of the 1964 World's Fair, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens , New York City, was a natural wetland straddling the Flushing River . In the early 20th century, the site was occupied by the Corona Ash Dumps, before it was selected as the site of the 1939–1940 World's Fair . The theme of the 1939–1940 was "the world of tomorrow"; the event was unprofitable, recouping only 32% of its original cost. After
5472-539: The buildings. Twenty states and Washington, D.C. , did not pay for exhibits at the fair. There were 45 pavilions in the International Area, most of which featured exhibits from foreign countries. Individual exhibits were presented by 66 nations, including the United States, whose pavilion was in the Federal and State Area. If nations that were represented only by one city or region are included,
5586-507: The city. The WFC's finance chairman predicted the fair would earn over $ 200 million. By the end of 1960, seven countries had agreed to sponsor exhibits. and one-third of the industrial pavilion sites had been leased. Early in 1961, Moses announced the Unisphere would be built as the fair's symbol, and the WFC also hired the detective agency Pinkerton to provide security and first-aid services. A report published that January said
5700-423: The co-anchor of Good Morning America with Charles Gibson . The assignment was putatively temporary, but her success in the position, measured by a close in the gap with front-runner Today , NBC News ' morning program, sustained her in the position for nearly eleven years. In 2000, Sawyer returned as co-anchor of Primetime newsmagazine now called Primetime Thursday , with Gibson replacing Donaldson. Sawyer
5814-408: The corporation hoped would raise $ 130 million. On April 22, 1963, exactly a year before the fair's opening, the U.S. President John F. Kennedy activated a clock that would count down to the opening. Only 48 of the 200 proposed buildings had begun construction, even though construction of all major structures had to be underway by the following month. The press building opened that May, and
SECTION 50
#17327808363065928-439: The end of her nightly broadcast with "I'll see you right back here tomorrow night." The show, like the competing evening newscasts, ended the year with ratings 14% below that of the preceding year. Until 2014 she was the anchor of ABC's flagship broadcast World News and the network's principal anchor for breaking-news coverage, election coverage, and special events. On June 25, 2014, it was announced that she would step down from
6042-400: The end of the 1964 season, though it did operate for part of that year. Some pavilions could not open on schedule because artifacts in the pavilions had been damaged or were incomplete. Exhibitors also accused workers of delaying some pavilions' construction to collect overtime pay. Three incomplete pavilions were abandoned, and work on other pavilions continued for several months after
6156-427: The fair but wanted someone else to operate it. Between the 1964 and 1965 seasons, the WFC hired 400 security guards to oversee the fairground, though exhibitors were obligated to maintain and guard their own pavilions. The WFC planned to spend $ 1.3 million on renovations, and 3,000 workers began winterizing the fairground in November 1964. The WFC planned to create a promotional film and advertisements for
6270-519: The fair closed, some pavilions were preserved or relocated, but most of the structures were demolished. The fair showcased mid-20th-century American culture and technology. The sections were designed in various architectural styles. Anyone could host an exhibit if they could afford to rent the land and pay for a pavilion. There were several amusement and transport rides, various plazas and fountains, and at its peak, 198 restaurants that served dishes such as Belgian waffles , some of which were popularized by
6384-405: The fair continued to record decreased revenue compared with 1964. Many exhibitors recorded substantial losses from the costs of their pavilions. By August 1965, the WFC was preparing to clear the fairground after the fair, though 13 exhibitors had declared bankruptcy and could not afford to demolish or move their pavilions. Beame's interim report, which was published at the end of August, found
6498-464: The fair had attractions from 80 countries. Foreign nations rented land from the WFC, and paid for staff lodgings, food, and other expenses. Many nations from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, though relatively few from Europe, exhibited at the fair. Some countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, boycotted the fair because the BIE had not approved it. Because of
6612-451: The fair itself would cost $ 768 million, although individual exhibitors would pay much of the cost. Exhibitors designed their own pavilions and construction contractors hired members of local labor unions to build the structures. Wagner predicted 10,000 people would be employed during construction. The WFC hosted "preview days" where selected guests could view the construction. The Travelers Companies built information centers across
6726-465: The fair was intended "to assist in educating the peoples of the world as to the interdependence of nations and the need for universal lasting peace". Exhibits were to be divided into five areas, including a transportation area the Port of New York Authority would operate. The original plans called for an amusement park area, which was canceled after the WFC failed to find an operator. By August 1960,
6840-601: The fair was the Swiss Sky Ride , a ski lift or aerial gondola that was sponsored by the Government of Switzerland . During the 1964 season, visitors could rent one of 147 Greyhound Escorters, which were driven by chauffeurs. Sixty-one Glide-a-Ride trolleys also served the fairground during both seasons. The fairground was accessed via highways on Long Island that had been upgraded. An expanded World's Fair Marina provided access via Flushing Bay . The fair
6954-436: The fair's financial troubles. In November 1964, Moses told Wagner the WFC might not be able to repay the city's $ 24 million loan. The WFC's financial advisors raised suspicions of financial mismanagement the next month. In January 1965, several of the WFC's financial advisors quit following bitter disputes, and the WFC requested $ 3.5 million to reopen the fair. The city controller Abraham Beame began auditing
SECTION 60
#17327808363067068-487: The fair's international pavilions and concessionaires. There was a press building next to the Grand Central Parkway , with a reporters' bullpen, offices for major news agencies, a press conference room, and offices. The on-site, 22-room Atomedic Hospital was constantly staffed, and there were five first-aid stations. About 300 closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) were installed across the fairground, and
7182-473: The fair's reopening, and almost all exhibits were completed on time. For the 1965 season, adult admission fees were raised to $ 2.50 (equivalent to $ 24.17 in 2023). During the first 20 days of the 1965 season, attendance declined 22 percent compared with the same time period in 1964, putting many exhibitors at risk of bankruptcy. In addition, fewer visitors were paying at the gates because more than half of them carried advance tickets. Exhibitors requested
7296-451: The fair, and it kept some of the paths and fountains illuminated. Deegan said several pavilions would be renovated and 12 new restaurants would be added. Moses also traveled around the world to persuade foreign exhibitors to display additional artifacts, such as a Gutenberg Bible and Spanish artwork, during 1965. WFC officials said attendance would rise during the 1965 season, and anticipated 37.5 million visitors. The prediction
7410-429: The fair, and the WFC began looking for a president and three additional managers in early 1960. Moses was tentatively selected as the WFC's president that March, despite Kopple's objections that Moses was too old. In turn, Moses would not take the job unless Kopple resigned, as the two men had disagreed bitterly over the canceled Mid-Manhattan Elevated Expressway . After Kopple quit the WFC, Moses formally became
7524-403: The fair, the Bureau International des Expositions refused to grant it formal recognition. Construction began in late 1960, and over 100 exhibitors signed up for the fair over the next three years. The fair ran for two six-month seasons from April 22 to October 18, 1964, and from April 21 to October 17, 1965. Despite initial projections of 70 million visitors, just over 51.6 million attended. After
7638-406: The fair. Allied Maintenance was the only maintenance firm allowed to work at the fair; it charged exorbitant fees, earning $ 10 million during 1964 alone. Allied also handled deliveries during the 1964 season but was replaced the following year with Rentar Corporation. Other companies, such as Hertz and Cities Service , sponsored free services or events. The WFC selected symbols of a boy and
7752-456: The fair. By late 1962, exhibits were being finalized and many pavilions were being constructed. Either 68 or 71 nations had announced plans for exhibits at the fair by then, though only 35 countries had formally leased space. Additionally, 125 businesses had expressed interest, and the WFC had finished installing utilities on the fairground. At the end of 1962, a small number of state and international pavilions were being built, while work in
7866-456: The fair. Eight religious pavilions were built, each of which was staffed by volunteers. Some exhibits were planned but never built, such as the Soviet and Israel pavilions, but were displayed on official maps, causing confusion among visitors. In addition to pavilions, the Lake Area included several rides and attractions during 1964. John Ringling North operated a circus that performed in
7980-683: The fair. The WFC also created a scale model of the fairground. The LIRR constructed a siding from the Port Washington Branch , allowing trains to deliver material onsite. At a luncheon in March that year, Moses said construction had fallen behind schedule. The WFC had allocated $ 6 million to advertise the fair by mid-1962, and Deegan predicted its participants would spend another $ 75 million of their own money on promotion. The WFC tried to attract Latin American countries to
8094-486: The fair. There were more than 30 entertainment events, 40 theaters, and various music performances. Exhibitors displayed sculptures, visual art and artifacts, and consumer products such as electronics and cars. The contemporaneous press criticized the event as a financial failure, although it influenced 21st-century technologies, and popularized consumer products such as the Ford Mustang . Before European settlement of
8208-740: The final interview and her essay comparing the music of the North and the South during the Civil War. From 1963 to 1965, Sawyer toured the country as America's Junior Miss to promote the Coca-Cola Pavilion at the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair . She had dreaded travelling around the country as America's Junior Miss, but it taught her to think on her feet with poise and grace. Sawyer attended Wellesley College , graduating in 1967. Immediately after her graduation, Sawyer returned to Kentucky and
8322-451: The first ten exhibitors had applied for space at the fair, and architectural blueprints for the fair's first pavilion had been submitted. The WFC began sending delegations abroad to invite foreign governments to the fair. In late 1960, the group began issuing $ 67.5 million in promissory notes to fund construction; the WFC later reduced the amount to $ 64 million, consisting of $ 40 million in notes plus $ 24 million from
8436-411: The first-ever papal visit to the United States. The fair closed on October 17, 1965, and recorded its highest-ever daily attendance of 446,953 on its final day. The fair's final day was chaotic, with reports of vandalism and theft. In total, the fair had recorded 51,607,448 admissions, seven million more than the 1939 fair and ten million more than Expo 58 . The GM and Vatican pavilions had been
8550-463: The following month, an insurance syndicate was formed to protect the exhibits. By mid-1963, civil-rights groups were protesting the lack of racial diversity in the fair's development, and filed a lawsuit to halt construction. That July, Moses denied rumors construction had fallen behind schedule. Materials from overseas began arriving in August 1963, though work on 50 structures had not started by
8664-583: The fountains had custom designs, although none have survived. At the center of the fair was the Unisphere , which was constructed by American Bridge Company . Weighing 700,000 pounds (317,515 kg), the globe was created to symbolize "man's achievements on a shrinking globe in an expanding universe". The Fountain of the Planets (Pool of Industry), which is located at the far eastern end of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, could spray water up to 625 feet (191 m) high, and it hosted nightly fireworks displays and music performances. The Unisphere and Fountain of
8778-453: The grounds, including firefighters, police officers, medics, matrons, and ticket sellers. Nine garbage trucks, nine emergency medical services (EMS) vehicles, 25 police cars, and three fire engines traveled the fairgrounds. Nine city health inspectors examined all of the on-site restaurants. United Press International (UPI) was the fair's official photographer, while United World Films had exclusive rights to produce and publish films about
8892-588: The highest of any month during the 1964 season. Nearly half of visitors came from the New York City area, and prospective visitors expressed fears about crime and unrest. Attendance declined significantly in September when children returned to school. In response, Moses said journalists were tarnishing the fair's reputation and accused them of suppressing attendance. An exhibitors' committee made several recommendations for increasing attendance but Moses rejected nearly all of them. The fair closed for
9006-535: The industrial and transportation areas was progressing. Groundbreaking ceremonies were hosted for many of the international pavilions. In early 1963, the World's Fair Housing Bureau was formed to coordinate the development of hotel rooms for the fair. Despite commitments from state and national governments, only some of these governments were actively constructing pavilions. The WFC wanted to hire 40 concessionaires and sell 70 intellectual property (IP) licenses, which
9120-399: The most popular. The fair had lost an additional $ 1 million in 1965 and had a deficit of up to $ 40 million at its closing; The New York Times partly attributed the fair's underperformance to Moses's stubborn attitude and refusal to take advice. The fairground was divided into five regions. Exhibits for individual U.S. states and the U.S. federal government were concentrated in
9234-476: The nearby Shea Stadium . The WFC leased about 646 acres (261 ha) from the city government in May 1960. Moses hired the former lieutenant governor Charles Poletti and the military engineer William Everett Potter to organize the exhibits. A design committee proposed a massive, doughnut-shaped pavilion; Moses rejected the plan and the design committee was forced out by the end of 1959. Moses did not devise
9348-481: The next month. Moses became increasingly hostile toward journalists who doubted that the fair would be completed on time. There were also disagreements over discounted tickets for students; Moses opposed the plan but the city government ultimately forced him to sell discounted tickets. The first pavilion, the Port Authority Heliport , was opened in October 1963. The same month, Hunt resigned as
9462-405: The ongoing civil rights movement. The WFC hired an African American executive to the fair's international division in 1962. Later that year, New York governor Nelson Rockefeller formed a committee to investigate persistent complaints about discrimination within the WFC. By the beginning of 1962, more than 60 nations, the governments of 30 U.S. states, and 50 companies had agreed to exhibit at
9576-473: The opening. The rich and famous, including government officials and heads of state, visited the fairground in the weeks after it opened. The fair needed 220,000 daily visitors to recover its operating expenses of $ 300,000 per day. In its first week, the fair recorded nearly a million visitors, and 150,000 daily visitors—60 percent of initial projections—in the first month. Several problems arose; disputes occurred over labor unions, maintenance fees, and
9690-626: The original budget. Moses had projected a $ 53 million surplus, but the surplus stood at only $ 12.6 million at season's end, barely enough to pay back the city government. The WFC reduced its estimated total profit for both seasons to $ 30 million. Despite the financial problems, many industrial pavilions had long queues and tens of thousands of daily visitors, and the General Motors and Vatican pavilions each saw more than 10 million visitors during 1964. The New York Times reported many international exhibitors were pleased with
9804-422: The park. Moses secretly obtained additional funds from the city government; according to Moses's biographer Robert Caro , the city government may have spent as much as $ 60 million on the fair. In May, the WFC announced it would proceed with the planned amusement area around Meadow Lake, hiring the billionaire H. L. Hunt to operate the rides. By mid-1961, the WFC had privately raised $ 25 million and
9918-468: The predicted number, in part due to inclement weather. The WFC banned picketing on the grounds, prompting lawsuits from civil-rights groups; a federal judge later ruled protesters could give out handbills to passers-by. The New York Times reported fifteen pavilions and three amusement attractions were not finished by opening day. One pavilion, the Belgian Village, was not completed until
10032-531: The presidency in 1974 and worked on the Nixon- Ford transition team in 1974–1975, after which she followed Nixon to California and helped him write RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon , published in 1978. She also helped prepare Nixon for his famous set of television interviews with journalist David Frost in 1977. Years later, Sawyer would be suspected of being Deep Throat , the source of leaks of classified information to journalist Bob Woodward during
10146-402: The previous year's pandemic induced virtual one, and was hosted by Jeff Goldblum . At that ceremony Ed Begley Jr. received a lifetime achievement award, in part as recognition of his environmental activism . This film award–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Diane Sawyer Lila Diane Sawyer ( / ˈ s ɔː j ər / ; born December 22, 1945)
10260-530: The proposal in August 1959, and 75 businessmen formed the New York World's Fair 1964 Corporation (WFC) that month. Moses, who saw a 1964 fair as a means to develop the Flushing Meadows site, offered to let the WFC use Flushing Meadows for a nominal fee. The fairground would include the 1939 World's Fair site and a part of the nearby Kissena Corridor Park . The bid required approval from
10374-421: The reduced police presence, and a fairgoer was murdered that May. WFC officials also tried to invalidate their January 1964 agreement for disbursing the fair's profits, and exhibitors continued to lose money due to lower-than-expected attendance. Fewer visitors came during the evening, but the WFC again rejected a proposal for discounted evening admission in July 1965. Despite increased attendance in mid-1965,
10488-721: The rest of the fair only via one overpass, was the Lake Amusement Area (known as the Lake Area during 1965). Eight gates provided access to the fairground. The 1964 World's Fair had 139 pavilions on opening day, in addition to 34 concessions and shows. Of the pavilions and shows, either 121 or 124 were free, and the rest required an additional payment. Scattered across the fairground were 5,300 trees, 3,500 benches, 1,400 telephones, and 60 mailboxes. There were also bank branches, picnic areas, and restrooms. Accessible bathrooms, wheelchair rental stands, and Braille guidebooks were provided for disabled visitors. There were also several hotels nearby, albeit few campgrounds. A spokesman for
10602-407: The season on October 18, 1964. There had been 33 million visitors, including 27 million who paid admission. The New York Times cited several reasons for the reduced attendance figures; these included fears of crime, lengthy queues, and high prices. The WFC had significantly overpaid several contractors, and the fair's operating expenditures during 1964 amounted to $ 33.3 million, twice
10716-443: The shadow of her sister, Linda. Insecure and something of a loner as a teen, Diane found happiness, she later said, going off by herself or with a group of friends that called themselves "reincarnated transcendentalists " and read Emerson and Thoreau down by a creek. In her senior year of high school in 1963, she won the annual America's Junior Miss scholarship pageant representing Kentucky. She won by her strength of poise in
10830-474: The show was retitled Primetime , and Sawyer left the show at the end of 2006 when its format again changed, with a sub-series focus. Sawyer achieved worldwide acclaim after subjecting Mel Gibson to an intense television interrogation , after his 2006 DUI arrest. On September 2, 2009, Sawyer was announced as the successor to Charles Gibson, who retired as the anchor of ABC World News , on Friday, December 18, 2009. Sawyer left GMA on December 11, 2009, and
10944-497: The show were boosted upon Sawyer's arrival, but the improvement did not last and, after Kuralt left the show, he was replaced by Bill Kurtis . The ratings decreased further, and Sawyer asked to be reassigned in 1984. From 1982 to 1984, Sawyer was also seen with Kurtis on the CBS Early Morning News airing an hour earlier on most CBS affiliates. In 1984, she became the first female correspondent on 60 Minutes ,
11058-402: The signs a safety hazard. By mid-September, estimates of the fair's total attendance had been reduced from 70 to 50 million. By the end of September, the fair had recorded 17 million visitors during the 1965 season, less than half the number of visitors needed to break even. At this point, the WFC had barely enough money to pay its weekly expenses. Toward the end of the 1965 season, there was
11172-458: The six states in New England . New York City had its own pavilion, as did the neighborhood of Hollywood, Los Angeles , California. Nineteen of the state pavilions were in the Federal and State Area, and three of the other four state pavilions were clustered around Meadow Lake at the southern end of the fair. None of the state governments had to pay rent for the land, but they had to fund
11286-698: The state government began hiring people for the fair. Before the fair opened, the WFC had spent $ 30 million. The WFC originally predicted a daily attendance of 225,000. Deegan predicted at least 6.7 million foreign visitors, out of an estimated total of 70 million. Visitors 13 and older were originally charged the adult admission price of $ 2.00 (equivalent to $ 19.65 in 2023), while children 2–12 years old were charged $ 1.00 (equivalent to $ 9.82 in 2023). The WFC sold discounted tickets in packs of 20; some major companies like AT&T bought hundreds of thousands of tickets for their employees. Students paid 25 cents if they visited with their teachers, and
11400-450: The venue were also upgraded. The WFC opened an information office to answer visitors' questions. Private businesses promoted their products for the fair, and discounted tickets were sold in advance of the opening. William Whipple Jr. , the fair's chief engineer, said in September 1960 exhibitors would be able to begin erecting pavilions by 1962. Construction of the first building, an administration structure, began in August 1960 and
11514-440: The weeks before the official opening, though several exhibitors hosted previews of their pavilions. The night before the fair opened, the television series The Bell Telephone Hour broadcast an opening celebration. When the World's Fair officially opened at 9:00 am on April 22, 1964, the first visitor was a college student from New Jersey. The opening was celebrated with speeches by Robert Moses, Nelson Rockefeller , and
11628-577: The year's end. To draw attention to the fair, the WFC displayed models of exhibits at the Time-Life Building in Manhattan. Exhibits were installed through late 1963 and early 1964, and the WFC borrowed $ 3 million to fund the fair's completion. In January 1964, the Chicago Tribune reported the site was filled with raw material, incomplete building frames, and unpaved roads. That month, WFC officials said work on 26 buildings
11742-448: Was "Peace through Understanding", and its symbol was the Unisphere , a stainless-steel model of Earth. Initially, the fair had 139 pavilions , and 34 concessions and shows. The site had previously hosted the 1939 New York World's Fair . In the 1950s, several businessmen devised plans for a similar event in 1964, and the New York World's Fair 1964 Corporation (WFC) was formed in 1959. Although U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower approved
11856-628: Was also served by a short-lived ferry service to Manhattan, as well as other ferry routes to ports in New York and New Jersey. A helicopter shuttle provided services to the Pan Am Building and Lower Manhattan heliports . Local buses, airport shuttle buses, the New York City Subway , and the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) also stopped near the fairground. The subway cars R33S and R36WF were constructed for
11970-439: Was an international exposition at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens , New York City, United States. The fair included exhibitions, activities, performances, films, art, and food presented by 80 nations, 24 U.S. states , and nearly 350 American companies. The five sections of the 646-acre (261 ha) fairground were the Federal and State, International, Transportation, Lake Amusement, and Industrial areas. The fair's theme
12084-515: Was behind schedule, and they sought to demolish a pavilion that would not be ready for the fair's opening. The WFC signed a document outlining ways profits from the fair were to be used. By that February, most of the major pavilions and attractions were complete, but Whipple estimated up to 10 pavilions would not be finished before the fair's opening. The same month, the WFC stopped selling advance tickets, having sold 28 million. There were still 4,800 construction workers on site in late March, when
12198-498: Was born in Glasgow, Kentucky , to Jean W. (née Dunagan), an elementary school teacher, and Erbon Powers "Tom" Sawyer, a county judge. Her ancestry includes English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and German. She has an older sister, Linda. Soon after her birth, her family moved to Louisville , where her father rose to local prominence as a Republican politician and community leader. He was Kentucky's Jefferson County Judge/Executive when he
12312-541: Was employed as a weather forecaster for WLKY-TV in Louisville. In Sawyer's opinion, the weather was boring, so she would occasionally add quotes to keep it interesting. Finally, Sawyer was promoted to a general-assignment post, but this did not sustain her interest for long. In 1970, Sawyer moved to Washington, D.C. , and, unable to find work as a broadcast journalist , she interviewed for positions in government offices. She eventually became an assistant to Jerry Warren,
12426-535: Was finished in January 1961. In early 1961, almost all of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park was closed to allow the fair's construction, and the Long Island Rail Road 's (LIRR) World's Fair station opened. Workers moved trees and diverted parts of the Flushing River into tunnels. By April 1961, thirty-four countries had accepted invitations to the fair, and the city agreed to spend $ 24 million improving
12540-508: Was killed in a car accident on Louisville's Interstate 64 in 1969. E. P. "Tom" Sawyer State Park , in the Frey's Hill area of Louisville, is named in his honor. Sawyer attended Seneca High School in the Buechel area of Louisville. She served as an editor-in-chief for her school yearbook, The Arrow , and participated in many artistic activities. She always felt, however, that she was in
12654-542: Was predicting a $ 53 million profit. The groundbreaking ceremony for the first pavilion took place that June. The WFC had difficulty selling the remaining bonds; it had sold around $ 30 million in promissory notes—three quarters of the total—by the end of 1961. During the fair's construction, civil-rights activists expressed concerns the WFC's leadership included very few African Americans. Moses met with activists but he still did not appoint African Americans to leadership positions, which attracted controversy amid
12768-612: Was scheduled to become the ABC World News anchor in January 2010. However, on December 1, 2009, The New York Times reported that, instead of moving to ABC World News in January 2010, Sawyer would start on December 21, 2009, three days after Gibson's departure. For over a year (2010–2011), with Katie Couric as then anchor of CBS Evening News , two of the three network news anchors on broadcast television were women. Ratings initially rose 8% after Sawyer's first four weeks, averaging 8.8 million viewers. She signed off at
12882-505: Was the first to announce to Good Morning America viewers that the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. In 2004, when the show's title was changed to its original name, Primetime Live , a new executive producer was hired, and the newsmagazine format was changed to investigative reporting with Sawyer rotating as the co-anchor with Chris Cuomo , Cynthia McFadden , and John Quiñones . In 2005,
12996-482: Was unrealistic; previous world's fairs typically had fewer visitors during their second season and no new pavilions were being planned. In its balance sheet , the WFC counted profits from advance ticket sales as part of its income for 1964, which meant revenue would be much lower than expected during 1965. Unless the fair had at least 37.5 million visitors in 1965, it would not be profitable. WFC officials, fearing reprisal from Moses, waited weeks to tell him about
#305694