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29-416: Of Welsh origin, the family name was spelt Cadwgan until the early 15th century. According to Burke's Peerage , the family descends from: Rees ap Griffith ap Llewelyn ap Meredith Bengoch ap Howell (Lord of Penbuallt) ap Sitsylt (Lord of Builth ) ap Llewelyn (Lord of Builth) ap Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrydd ("The Renowned"), Prince of Fferreg, of Dol-y-Gaer, Breconshire . Major William Cadogan (1601–1661)

58-457: A Hafren) were confirmed by King Henry III in the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery . In November 1282, Edward I overran Buellt as part of his final conquest of Wales . Edward ordered the construction of the stone Builth Castle on the site of Braose's burnt fort, although construction was halted for lack of funds. The castle saw action during Madog ap Llywelyn and Owain Glyndŵr 's rebellions, but

87-622: A different dynasty tracing its descent to Elystan Glodrydd . During the High Middle Ages , several rulers from the surrounding kingdoms took control of Buellt, but it generally reverted to independence upon their death. During the Norman invasion of Wales , the Marcher Lord Philip de Braose conquered Buellt shortly after he took Rhwng Gwy a Hafren in 1095. Philip fortified the hill east of present-day Builth Wells with

116-621: A wooden motte and bailey castle and held the area until his death in 1134, when it passed to his son William . Through this period, however, the representatives of the old Welsh dynasty descended from Elystan contested the Marcher Lords' rule. The area changed hands between multiple Norman and Welsh figures, including Roger Mortimer , Rhys ap Gruffudd and Llywelyn the Great . Buellt passed to Llywelyn's grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd , whose rights to it (though not other parts of Rhwng Gwy

145-551: A young woman and asked who she was. "You must be a stranger in London not to know the toast of the town, the beautiful Lady March", was the reply. In 1723, Charles succeeded to his father's title of Duke of Richmond , whereupon Sarah became Duchess of Richmond . They had a well-publicised happy and companionable marriage. Sarah was appointed a Lady of the Bedchamber to Caroline of Ansbach when Princess of Wales, and remained in

174-567: Is unlikely the modern hill is the same one mentioned in the Historia . The prose tale Culhwch and Olwen contains a more elaborate version of Arthur's hunting of the divine boar, here known as Twrch Trwyth , however, in Culhwch the boar's detailed itinerary does not take him through Buellt. By the 11th century, Buellt and the rest of the Rhwng Gwy a Hafren passed under the control of

203-507: The Anglo-Saxons to Britain and then been forced west, his son Pascent ruled Buellt and Gwrtheyrnion as a grant from Ambrosius Aurelianus . Whatever the reality of this story, another section attributes descent from Pascent and Vortigern to Ffernfael ap Tewdwr , a 9th-century ruler of Buellt and Gwrtheyrnion known from other sources. The Historia further includes Buellt in its mirabilia section, or list of marvels. According to

232-787: The Cambrian Mountains to the north, the River Wye to the east, the Mynydd Epynt range to the south, and Ceredigion to the west. It was closely associated with the territories of Gwrtheyrnion , Elfael , and Maelienydd , and as such was often considered part of the region known as Rhwng Gwy a Hafren (English: Between Wye and Severn ) despite being west of the Wye. The cantref was divided into four major commotes , whose boundaries are unclear: Treflys, Pebuellt, Dinan, and Is Irfon. Most of Buellt's major sites were located along

261-620: The House of Commons . Cadogan married Elizabeth, second daughter and heiress of the prominent physician and collector Sir Hans Sloane . Through this marriage the Sloane estates in central London came into the Cadogan family, and these have been the basis of the family wealth ever since. His son, the third Baron, sat as Member of Parliament for Cambridge and served as Master of the Mint . In 1800

290-569: The Colonies , Lord Privy Seal and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (with a seat in the cabinet). His second son Henry Cadogan, Viscount Chelsea , heir apparent to the earldom from 1878 to 1908, represented Bury St Edmunds in Parliament as a Conservative, but died in 1908, seven years before his father. His only son Edward, Viscount Chelsea, died in 1910 at the age of seven. Lord Cadogan was therefore succeeded by his third but eldest surviving son,

319-471: The County of Berkshire, with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body. In 1718, he was further honoured when he was made Baron Cadogan , of Oakley in the County of Buckingham , with remainder, failing heirs male of his own, to his younger brother Charles Cadogan and the heirs male of his body, and Viscount Caversham , in the County of Oxford, and Earl Cadogan , in the County of Denbigh, with remainder to

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348-591: The County of Oxford. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the fourth Earl. He was a Conservative politician and served under Lord Derby and Benjamin Disraeli as whip, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard from 1866 to 1868. His eldest son, the fifth Earl, was also a noted Conservative politician. He held office under Disraeli and later Lord Salisbury as Under-Secretary of State for War , Under-Secretary of State for

377-541: The Irfon, including the courts of the commotes and the major church at Llanafan Fawr , dedicated to Saint Afan Buellt , the cantref's chief saint. It is unknown when Buellt began to emerge as a distinct political unit. Its organization as a cantref seems to have developed along the earlier tribal boundaries of a gwlad ("people") or tud ("tribe"). During the Early Middle Ages , Buellt and Gwrtheyrnion on

406-694: The earldom of Cadogan held by his uncle was revived when he was created Viscount Chelsea , in the County of Middlesex, and Earl Cadogan . These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. His youngest son, the third Earl (who succeeded his half-brother in 1832), was an admiral in the Royal Navy . In 1831, one year before he succeeded in the earldom, he was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom in his own right as Baron Oakley , of Caversham in

435-610: The foundation of the Foundling Hospital . She signed the petition on 22 December 1729 and was the first Lady of the Bedchamber to the Queen recruited by Coram. Her husband signed the Royal Charter in 1739. In the 1730s and 1740s, Sarah and her daughters were enthusiastic collectors of shells brought by naval captains returning to Portsmouth. They arranged the shells into elaborate patterns that were incorporated into

464-502: The heirs male of his body. These titles were also in the Peerage of Great Britain. Lord Cadogan had two daughters but no sons, so on his death in 1726, three titles—the barony of 1716, the viscountcy, and earldom—became extinct. However, he was succeeded in the barony of 1718 according to the special remainder by his brother Charles, the second Baron. He was a General of the Horse and also represented Reading and Newport, Isle of Wight , in

493-537: The modern town of Builth Wells and the site of nearby Builth Castle. Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond (née Cadogan ; 18 September 1705 – 25 August 1751), was Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline from 1724 to 1737. She was the mother of the famous Lennox sisters . She was born Sarah Cadogan at The Hague , the eldest daughter of William Cadogan (from 1716 1st Baron Cadogan of Reading and from 1722 1st Earl Cadogan ) and his wife, Margaretta Cecilia Munter. She

522-573: The most ornate London architecture). The family seat was Culford Park , near Culford , Suffolk . The rampant lion in the Earl Cadogan coat of arms is shown in the badge of Chelsea F.C. In horse racing the family who own horses use the colour Eton blue, which is similar to the turquoise of Cambridge University, registered c. 1889. The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son George Edward Charles Diether Cadogan, Viscount Chelsea (b. 1995). Buellt Buellt or Builth

551-436: The other side of the Wye formed a small regional kingdom. This kingdom's rulers traced their descent back to the legendary 5th-century warlord Vortigern ( Welsh : Gwrtheyrn , from which Gwrtheyrnion was named.) The kingdom is known from the 9th-century Historia Brittonum , whose author, possibly a native of southeastern Wales, focused particular attention on it. The Historia recounts that after Vortigern had invited

580-464: The post when Caroline became queen consort in 1727. She received a salary of £500 per year but, despite the fact that the post represented the highest possible position at court, she would have carried out mundane duties, including ordering meals and clothes and dispatching servants to run errands. Sarah was one of the twenty-one "ladies of quality and distinction" who signed Thomas Coram 's first petition, presented to George II in 1735, calling for

609-453: The sixth Earl. As of 2023, the titles are held by the latter's great grandson, the ninth Earl, who succeeded his father in 2023. Several other members of the Cadogan family have gained distinction. Lady Sarah Cadogan , daughter of the first Earl of the first creation, married Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond , and was the mother of the famous Lennox sisters (and also the grandmother of Charles James Fox ). Sir George Cadogan, second son of

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638-531: The survival of Britain and its British Empire 's resources in Asia during that war. The Earls Cadogan are wealthy landowners, having planned and developed and still owning Cadogan Estates , which covers much of Chelsea and parts of the much smaller area of Knightsbridge , and second only to the Duke of Westminster as Central London's richest landlords (whose surname, Grosvenor, is also closely associated with some of

667-441: The text, Buellt is the location of the "Carn Cabal", a (since lost) petrosomatoglyph : the imprint of a dog's paw. This marvel is attributed to King Arthur 's dog Cavall , who supposedly left the print while chasing the boar Troyt . Afterward, Arthur placed this stone on top of a cairn , and anyone who tried to move it would find it back in its place the next day. The placename survives as Carn Gafallt near Rhayader , though it

696-467: The third Earl, was a general in the army. Two further members represented seats in the House of Commons. Sir Alexander Cadogan , eighth and youngest son of the fifth Earl, was the most senior civil servant to a troubled government department ( Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs ) between 1938 and 1946, that of World War II and his personal notes reflect his part in shaping the policies which aided

725-453: Was a cantref in medieval Wales , located west of the River Wye . Unlike most cantrefs, it was not part of any of the major Welsh kingdoms for most of its history, but was instead ruled by an autonomous local dynasty. During the Norman era it was associated with Rhwng Gwy a Hafren , a region independent of the Welsh monarchies and controlled by Norman Marcher Lords . In the 16th century, it

754-790: Was a cavalry officer in Oliver Cromwell 's army. His son Henry Cadogan was a barrister in Dublin. His eldest son William Cadogan was a noted soldier, politician and diplomat. He was a general in the army and fought in the War of the Spanish Succession and also served as Ambassador to the Netherlands and as Master-General of the Ordnance . In 1716, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baron Cadogan , of Reading in

783-471: Was brought up in a convent and at the age of fourteen was married, on 4 December 1719, to Charles Lennox, Earl of March , at The Hague . The marriage was arranged by both fathers in order to cancel a gambling debt incurred by Lord Cadogan; after the marriage the Earl of March, aged eighteen, embarked on his Grand Tour . On his return in 1722, the earl was reluctant to meet Sarah; he went to the theatre, glimpsed

812-422: Was reorganized as a hundred and joined with the former kingdom of Brycheiniog to form the county of Brecknockshire . The name Buellt , also rendered Buallt , comes from the Welsh words bu , meaning " ox ", and gellt (later gwellt ), meaning pasture . This was later anglicized to Builth , as in the modern town of Builth Wells . Situated in the valley of Afon Irfon , Buellt's boundaries were roughly

841-469: Was subsequently abandoned. In the 17th century it was damaged by a fire and its stones were plundered; it has since almost entirely disappeared. In the 16th century, as part of Henry VIII 's Laws in Wales Acts , Buellt became a hundred and merged with Brycheiniog into the new county of Brecknockshire . In 1996 the area became part of the modern county of Powys . The cantref's name survives in

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