The Jacqueline Kennedy Garden is located at the White House south of the East Colonnade. The garden balances the Rose Garden on the west side of the White House.
55-871: East Garden may refer to: A former name of the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden at the White House, Washington, D.C., United States Imperial Palace East Garden in the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Japan The eastern section of Yu Garden 's Inner Garden in Shanghai, China Original name of the Lingering Garden , China the main garden of the Couple's Retreat Garden , China Original name of Tsinghua Garden Topics referred to by
110-658: A First Lady; she also served as Lady Bird's staff director. Lady Bird's tenure as First Lady marked the beginning of hiring employees in the East Wing to work specifically on the First Lady's projects. President Johnson had initially said he would turn down the Democratic Party nomination for president in 1964, having been unhappy during his service in President Kennedy's administration and believing
165-475: A White House luncheon, Eartha Kitt , when asked by the First Lady what her views were on the Vietnam War , replied: "You send the best of this country off to be shot and maimed. No wonder the kids rebel and take pot ." Kitt's anti-war remarks reportedly angered Lyndon and Mrs. Johnson, and this resulted in the derailment of Kitt's professional career. Toward the end of Johnson's first term, Lady Bird
220-504: A modest inheritance to bankroll his congressional campaign and then ran his office while he served in the Navy. As First Lady, Johnson broke new ground by interacting directly with Congress , employing her press secretary, and making a solo electioneering tour. She advocated beautifying the nation's cities and highways ("Where flowers bloom, so does hope"). The Highway Beautification Act was informally known as "Lady Bird's Bill". She received
275-496: A step up in school readiness. Lady Bird created the modern structure of the First Lady's office: she was the first in this role to have a press secretary and chief of staff of her own, and an outside liaison with Congress. Her press secretary from 1963 to 1969 was Liz Carpenter , a fellow alumna of the University of Texas. As a mark of changing times, Carpenter was the first professional newswoman to become press secretary to
330-608: A substitute for Jacqueline Kennedy at official events and functions. Within her first year as Second Lady, she had substituted for Mrs. Kennedy at more than 50 events, roughly one per week. This experience prepared Lady Bird for the following challenges of her unexpected years as First Lady. On November 22, 1963, the Johnsons were accompanying the Kennedys in Dallas when President Kennedy was assassinated ; they were two cars behind
385-417: A women's honorary service organization, and believed in student leadership. Her goal was to become a reporter, but she also earned a teaching certificate. The summer after her second graduation, she and a girlfriend traveled to New York City and Washington, where they peered through the fence at the White House. Dallek described Lady Bird as having undergone a boost in her self-confidence through her years at
440-716: A young Houston reporter, Lady Bird followed Rather in her car. Stopping him, she invited him to return and have some punch, explaining, "That's just the way Lyndon sometimes is." During the years of the Johnson presidency, Lyndon, in one incident, yelled at the White House photographer who failed to show up for a photo shoot with the First Lady. She consoled the photographer afterward, who said that, despite his feelings against President Johnson, he "would walk over hot coals for Lady Bird." In January–February 1943, during World War II, Lady Bird Johnson spent $ 17,500 of her inheritance to purchase KTBC , an Austin radio station. She bought
495-508: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jacqueline Kennedy Garden Edith Roosevelt , who had established her "Colonial Garden" on the site of the present Rose Garden, oversaw a similar but less formal planting on the east side, the site of the present Jacqueline Kennedy Garden. The origins of the Garden's present form initially began in 1913 with First Lady Ellen Axson Wilson , at
550-589: The Driskill Hotel , Lyndon proposed. Lady Bird did not want to rush into marriage, but he was persistent and did not want to wait. Ten weeks later, Lady Bird accepted his proposal. The couple married on November 17, 1934, at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, Texas . After she suffered three miscarriages, the couple had two daughters together: Lynda Bird (born 1944) and Luci Baines (born 1947). The couple and their two daughters all shared
605-616: The Glen Canyon Dam in northern Arizona , fulfilling a goal that both Presidents Kennedy and Johnson had sought to accomplish. She said the dam belonged to all Americans amid an increasing concern for water that affected every American "no matter whether he lives in New York or Page, Arizona ." In late-August 1967, Lady Bird traveled to Montreal , Quebec, Canada, to attend the Expo 67 , a White House aide saying she had been urged by
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#1732765793214660-687: The Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1984, the highest honors bestowed upon a U.S. civilian. Johnson has been consistently ranked in occasional Siena College Research Institute surveys as one of the most highly regarded American first ladies per historians' assessments. Claudia Alta Taylor was born on December 22, 1912, in Karnack, Texas , a town in Harrison County , near
715-505: The Warren Commission as testimony. LBJ advisor Abe Fortas had made notations on her document to add detail. In their plans for their trip to Texas, the Johnsons had intended to entertain the Kennedys that night at their ranch. In the days following the assassination, Lady Bird worked with Jacqueline Kennedy on the transition of her husband to the White House. While having great respect for Jacqueline and finding her strong in
770-581: The 1960s. She worked to beautify Washington D.C. by planting thousands of flowers, set up the White House Natural Beauty Conference, and lobbied Congress for the president's full range of environmental initiatives. In 1965, she took the lead in calling for passage of the Highway Beautification Act . The act called for control of outdoor advertising , including removal of certain types of signs, along
825-517: The Jacqueline Kennedy Garden paid tribute to Beatrix Farrand's work in its use of a more organic structure, planting masses of the same plants in drifts, and use of foliage plants like ornamental grasses and caladiums. The garden followed a layout established by Mellon. Each flower bed was planted with a series of Littleleaf lindens and Kennedy saucer magnolias bordered by low hedges of boxwood and American Holly. The outer edge of
880-460: The President in his motorcade. Lyndon was sworn in as president on Air Force One two hours after Kennedy died, with Lady Bird and Jacqueline Kennedy by his side. Afterward, Lady Bird created a tape on which she recorded her memories of the assassination, saying it was "primarily as a form of therapy to help me over the shock and horror of the experience." She submitted a transcript of the tape to
935-708: The President to travel there since his own trip three months prior. In mid-September 1967, Lady Bird began touring the Midwestern United States as part of a trip that one White House described as "mostly agriculture during the day and culture at night." President Johnson was then declining in support by farmers, months before a planned re-election bid. Speaking to a crowd in Minneapolis , Minnesota, on September 20, Lady Bird said problems within American cities were creating crime. In January 1968 at
990-690: The Rose Garden, the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden was used for events. The president used the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden for awards ceremonies. Both Lady Bird Johnson and Pat Nixon favored use of the garden for parties and teas. First Lady Hillary Clinton exhibited contemporary sculpture in the garden. [REDACTED] Media related to Jacqueline Kennedy Garden at Wikimedia Commons 38°53′51″N 77°02′10″W / 38.8975°N 77.0361°W / 38.8975; -77.0361 Lady Bird Johnson Claudia Alta " Lady Bird " Johnson ( née Taylor ; December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)
1045-467: The White House and its grounds, her immediate successor, First Lady Lady Bird Johnson , renamed the East Garden as the "Jacqueline Kennedy Garden" during a ceremony on 22 April 1965. Rachel Lambert Mellon created a space with a more defined central lawn, bordered by flower beds planted in a French style, but largely using American botanical specimens. Though more formal than the previous East Garden,
1100-412: The aftermath of the murder, Lady Bird believed from the start of her tenure as First Lady that she would be unfavorably compared to her immediate predecessor. On her last day in the White House, Jacqueline Kennedy left Lady Bird a note in which she promised she would "be happy" there. As First Lady and trusted presidential confidant, Lady Bird Johnson helped establish the public environmental movement in
1155-534: The classics aloud to tiny Lady Bird [... and who] scandalized people for miles around by entertaining Negroes in her home, and once even started to write a book about Negro religious practices, called Bio Baptism." Her husband, however, tended to see black people as nothing more than "hewers of wood and drawers of water", according to his younger son Anthony. Lady Bird had two elder brothers, Thomas Jefferson Jr. (1901–1959) and Antonio, also known as Tony (1904–1986). Her widowed father married twice more. His second wife
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#17327657932141210-507: The college. Her time there marked a departure from her timid behavior in her youth. A friend in Austin introduced her to Lyndon B. Johnson , a 26-year-old Congressional aide with political aspirations, working for Congressman Richard Kleberg . Lady Bird recalled having felt "like a moth drawn to a flame". Biographer Randall B. Woods attributed Johnson's "neglect of his legal studies" to his courting of Lady Bird. On their first date, at
1265-475: The core Johnson radio properties survived and prospered. Emmis Communications bought KLBJ-AM , KLBJ-FM , KGSR , and three other stations from LBJ Holding in 2003 for $ 105 million. Eventually, Lady Bird's initial $ 41,000 investment turned into more than $ 150 million for the LBJ Holding Company. She was the first president's wife to have become a millionaire in her own right before her husband
1320-471: The country. She became the first president's wife to advocate actively for legislation when she was instrumental in promoting the Highway Beautification Act , which was nicknamed "Lady Bird's Bill". It was developed to beautify the nation's highway system by limiting billboards and by planting roadside areas. She was also an advocate of the Head Start program to give children from lower-income families
1375-482: The eastern state line with Louisiana. Her birthplace was "The Brick House", an antebellum plantation house on the outskirts of town, which her father had purchased shortly before her birth. She was a descendant of English Protestant martyr Rowland Taylor through his grandson Captain Thomas J. Taylor II. She was named for her mother's brother Claud. During her infancy, her nursemaid, Alice Tittle, said that she
1430-548: The election that November, with Lady Bird helping the Democratic ticket carry seven Southern states. Reflecting later, Lady Bird said that the years her husband served as vice president and she as Second Lady were "a very different period of our lives." Nationally, the two had a kind of celebrity, but they both found the office of Vice President to lack power. As the Vice President's wife, Lady Bird often served as
1485-474: The flower bed facing the central lawn was edged with boxwood. Perennial flowering plants included delphinium, hollyhock, lavender, and roses. Many seasonal flowers were interspersed to add nearly year round color. Spring blooming bulbs planted in the rose garden included jonquil, daffodil, fritillaria, grape hyacinth, tulips, chionodoxa and squill. Summer blooming annuals change yearly. In the fall chrysanthemum and flowering kale bring color until early winter. Like
1540-495: The ill-kempt state of the gardens drew the focus of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy , who worked with Rachel Lambert Mellon and Perry Wheeler on the redesign and replanting of the entire Rose and East Gardens. By the time of President Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, the Rose Garden had been completed, while revitalization on the East Garden was still a work in progress. To further honor Jacqueline Kennedy's contributions to
1595-619: The initials LBJ. Their daughters lived in the White House during their teenage years, under media scrutiny. Lynda Bird married Charles S. Robb in a White House ceremony. He was later elected governor of Virginia and U.S. Senator. Luci Baines married Pat Nugent in the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception and, later, Ian Turpin. Lady Bird had seven grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren at
1650-615: The momentous events of her times, including the Great Society 's War on Poverty ; the national civil rights and social protest movements; her activism on behalf of the environment; and the Vietnam War . Johnson was acquainted with a long span of fellow First Ladies, from Eleanor Roosevelt to Laura Bush . She was protected by the United States Secret Service for 44 years. Biographer Betty Boyd Caroli said in 2015 of Johnson that She really invented
1705-667: The money to launch his campaign. She took $ 10,000 of her inheritance from her mother's estate to help start his political career. The couple settled in Washington, D.C., after Lyndon was elected to Congress. After he enlisted in the Navy at the outset of the Second World War , Lady Bird ran his congressional office. Lady Bird sometimes served as a mediating force between her wilful husband and those he encountered. On one occasion after Lyndon had clashed with Dan Rather , then
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1760-473: The nation's growing Interstate Highway System and the existing federal-aid primary highway system . It also required certain junkyards along Interstate or primary highways to be removed or screened and encouraged scenic enhancement and roadside development. According to Secretary of Interior Stewart Udall, she single-handedly, "influenced the president to demand-and support-more far-sighted conservation legislation." Her capital beautification project turned
1815-672: The national capital into a showcase for the nation. It was intended to improve physical conditions in Washington, D.C. for residents and tourists by planting millions of flowers, many of them on National Park Service land along roadways around the capital. She said, "Where flowers bloom, so does hope." She worked extensively with the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN) executive Vice President Robert F. Lederer to protect wildflowers and promoted planting them along highways. Her efforts inspired similar programs throughout
1870-540: The oath of office on January 20, 1965, starting a tradition which continues. On September 22, 1965, Lady Bird dedicated a Peoria, Illinois , landscape plaza, with the president of the Peoria City Beautification Association, Leslie Kenyon, saying during the ceremony that Lady Bird was the first presidential spouse "who has visited our city as an official guest in our 140 years of existence." On September 22, 1966, Lady Bird dedicated
1925-550: The party did not want him. Although aides could not sway him, the First Lady convinced him otherwise, reassuring him of his worthiness and saying that if he dropped out, the Republicans would likely take the White House. During the 1964 campaign, Lady Bird traveled through eight Southern states from October 6 to 9 in a chartered train , the Lady Bird Special , at one point giving 45 speeches over four days. It
1980-713: The radio station from a three-man partnership that included Robert B. Anderson , a future U.S. Secretary of the Navy and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury , and Texas oilman and rancher Wesley West . She served as president of the LBJ Holding Co., and her husband negotiated an agreement with the CBS radio network. Despite Lyndon's objections, Lady Bird expanded by buying a television station in 1952. She reminded him that she could do as she wished with her inheritance. The station, KTBC -TV/7 (then affiliated with CBS as well),
2035-419: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title East Garden . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Garden&oldid=1233228596 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2090-636: The summer session, where she took her first journalism course. But, homesick for Texas, she stayed home and did not return for the fall term at Alabama. Instead, she and a high school friend enrolled at St. Mary's Episcopal College for Women, an Episcopal boarding junior college for women in Dallas. It influenced her to "convert to the Episcopal faith", although she waited five years for confirmation. After graduating from St. Mary's in May 1930, Lady Bird toyed with returning to Alabama. Another friend from Marshall
2145-712: The time of her death. Their marriage, however, suffered due to Lyndon's numerous affairs —in particular, the relationship between Lyndon and socialite Alice Marsh . This relationship was on and off between 1939 and the early years of his presidency and was eventually ended due to Marsh's opposition to the Vietnam War. Lady Bird Johnson's awareness of these infidelities was included in her 2007 obituary, noting that Lady Bird "was openly humiliated". Her husband would even brag that he had slept with more women than his predecessor, John F. Kennedy . When Lyndon decided to run for Congress from Austin's 10th district, Lady Bird provided
2200-465: The time taking to calling it the East Garden, which saw Mrs. Wilson's design featuring a modest central lily pond. However, this work on the Garden was not completed until after the first lady had died in 1914, resulting in an area 36 by 19 meters (118x62 feet). In the nearly half a century which followed, the grounds to the White House fell into disrepair. When the Kennedy administration came to office
2255-476: The town of Jefferson, Texas , since there was no high school in the Karnack area. (Her brothers were sent to boarding schools in New York.) She graduated third in her class at the age of 15 from Marshall Senior High School in the nearby county seat. Despite her young age, her father gave her a car so that she could drive herself to school, a distance of 15 miles (24 km) each way. She said of that time, "[I]t
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2310-563: The train in Marshall and ride to the part of the world that meant watermelon cuttings, picnics at the creek, and a lot of company every Sunday." According to Lady Bird, her Aunt Effie "opened my spirit to beauty, but she neglected to give me any insight into the practical matters a girl should know about, such as how to dress or choose one's friends or learning to dance." Lady Bird was a shy and quiet girl who spent much of her youth alone outdoors. "People always look back at it now and assume it
2365-528: Was first lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 as the wife of then president Lyndon B. Johnson . She had previously served as second lady from 1961 to 1963 when her husband was vice president. Notably well educated for a woman of her era, Lady Bird proved a capable manager and a successful investor. After marrying Lyndon Johnson in 1934 when he was a political hopeful in Austin, Texas , she used
2420-653: Was Austin's monopoly VHF franchise and generated revenues that made the Johnsons millionaires. Over the years, journalists have revealed that Lyndon used his influence in the Senate to influence the Federal Communications Commission into granting the monopoly license, which was in Lady Bird's name. LBJ Holding also had two small banks; they failed and were closed in 1991 by the FDIC . But
2475-515: Was Beulah Taylor, a bookkeeper at a general store. His third wife was Ruth Scroggins, whom he married in 1937. Lady Bird was largely raised by her maternal aunt Effie Pattillo, who moved to Karnack after her sister's death. She also visited her Pattillo relatives in Autauga County, Alabama , every summer until she was a young woman. As she explained, "Until I was about 20, summertime always meant Alabama to me. With Aunt Effie, we would board
2530-457: Was a sharecropper's son. He became a wealthy businessman and owned 15,000 acres (6,070 ha) of cotton and two general stores. "My father was a very strong character, to put it mildly", his daughter once said. "He lived by his own rules. It was a whole feudal way of life, really." Her mother, born Minnie Lee Pattillo (1874–1918), loved opera and felt out of place in Karnack; she was often in "poor emotional and physical health". When Lady Bird
2585-464: Was an awful chore for my daddy to delegate some person from his business to take me in and out." During her senior year, when she realized that she had the highest grades in her class, she "purposely allowed her grades to slip" so that she would not have to give the valedictorian or salutatorian speech. After graduating from high school in May 1928, Lady Bird entered the University of Alabama for
2640-492: Was anxious for her husband to leave office. In September 1967, Lady Bird voiced her concerns that a second term would be detrimental to his health. Health concerns may have been one of the reasons why President Johnson decided not to seek re-election . In 1970, Lady Bird published A White House Diary , her intimate, behind-the-scenes account of her husband's presidency spanning November 22, 1963, to January 20, 1969. Beginning with President Kennedy's assassination, she recorded
2695-540: Was as "pretty as a ladybird". Opinions differ about whether the name refers to a bird or a ladybird beetle , the latter of which is commonly referred to as a "ladybug" in North America. The nickname virtually replaced her first name for the rest of her life. Her father and siblings called her Lady, and her husband called her Bird—the name she used on her marriage license. During her teenage years, some classmates would call her Bird to provoke her since she reportedly
2750-450: Was elected to office. She remained involved with the company until she was in her eighties. John F. Kennedy chose Lyndon Johnson as his running mate for the 1960 election. At Kennedy's request, Lady Bird took an expanded role during the campaign, as his wife Jacqueline was pregnant with their second child. Over 71 days, Lady Bird traveled 35,000 miles (56,000 km) through 11 states and appeared at 150 events. Kennedy and Johnson won
2805-421: Was five years old, Minnie fell down a flight of stairs while pregnant. She died of complications of miscarriage in 1918. In a profile of Lady Bird Johnson, Time magazine described Lady Bird's mother as "a tall, eccentric woman from an old and aristocratic Alabama family, [who] liked to wear long white dresses and heavy veils [...] fussed over food fads, played grand opera endlessly on the phonograph, loved to read
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#17327657932142860-445: Was going to the University of Texas , so she chartered a plane to Austin to join her. As the plane landed, she was awed by the sight of a field covered with bluebonnets and instantly fell in love with the city. Lady Bird received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history with honors in 1933 and a second bachelor's degree in journalism cum laude in 1934. She was active on campus in different organizations, including Texas Orange Jackets,
2915-432: Was lonely," she once said about her childhood. "To me it definitely was not. ... I spent a lot of time just walking and fishing and swimming." She developed her lifelong love of the outdoors as a child growing up in the tall pines and bayous of East Texas , where she watched the wildflowers bloom each spring. When it came time to enter high school, Lady Bird had to move away and live with another family during weekdays in
2970-556: Was not fond of the name. Nearly all of her maternal and paternal immigrant ancestors arrived in the Virginia Colony during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, likely as indentured servants as were most early settlers in the colony. Her father, a native of Alabama, had primarily English ancestry and some Welsh and Danish. Her mother, also a native of Alabama, was of English and Scottish descent. Her father, Thomas Jefferson Jonson Taylor (August 29, 1874 – October 22, 1960),
3025-512: Was the first solo whistle-stop tour by a First Lady. In the same month, Lady Bird continued her campaign tour by airplane, with stops in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Indiana, and Kentucky. In the November 1964 presidential election, Johnson won a landslide victory over his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater . At the ceremony to swear in the new president, Lady Bird held the Bible as her husband took
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