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34-493: A concept abolished in 1978, for economical purposes the region was defined from 1949 to 1961 by the Chinese Central Government to include the provinces of (in alphabetical order) Anhui , Fujian , Jiangsu , Shandong and Zhejiang , as well as the municipality of Shanghai . In 1961, the province of Jiangxi was added to the region (previously it was considered part of South Central China ). Since

68-876: A member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee since the PRC's founding in 1949, except during brief transition periods. The incumbent premier is Li Qiang , who took office on 11 March 2023, succeeding Li Keqiang . In the early 1900s, the Qing dynasty government began implementing constitutional reform in China in order to prevent a revolution. The reforms included the Outline of the Imperial Constitution passed in 1908, which ordered that elections for provincial assemblies must be held within

102-543: A state councillor) all assist the premier. Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration in support of the premier. In practice, the vice premiers and State Councillors assume responsibility for one or more sectors or issues, and remain in contact with the various bodies responsible for policy related to that area. This allows the Standing Committee to oversee a wide range of government functions. Each State Councillor performs duties as designated by

136-565: A year. In May 1911, the government replaced the Grand Council with a thirteen-member cabinet , led by Prince Qing , who was appointed Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet . However, the cabinet included nine Manchus , seven of whom were members of the imperial clan . This " Princes' Cabinet " was unpopular among the people and was viewed as a reactionary measure, being described at one point as "the old Grand Council under

170-480: Is assisted by four vice premiers and state councillors in their duties. In China's political system, the premier has generally thought to be the one responsible for managing the economy. The premier is constitutionally elected by the National People's Congress (NPC), and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The premier serves for a five-year term, renewable once consecutively. Every premier has been

204-937: The Beiyang Government . In 1928, the Kuomintang (KMT) Government established the Executive Yuan and Tan Yankai served as the first president of the Executive Yuan. It was formalized in 1947 after the Constitution of the Republic of China was passed. The post was abolished in Mainland China, but continued on Taiwan since 1949. The PRC post was initially established by Organic Law of the Central People's Government , passed by

238-651: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The State Council is legally required to implement the policies of the CCP. Aside from a few, members of the State Council are also members of the CCP's Central Committee . The State Council is described by the Chinese constitution as the executive organ of the National People's Congress (NPC), as well as the "highest state administrative organ". Constitutionally,

272-678: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 29 September 1949, as the premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government. Zhou Enlai was appointed as premier immediately after the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1 October 1949. With the adoption of a constitution in 1954 , the post was renamed into the premier of the State Council of

306-696: The Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission (CMC). The State Council previously had joint command over the People's Armed Police (PAP) together with the CMC, principally through the Ministry of Public Security , though 2018 reforms placed the PAP solely under CMC command. The plenary session of

340-688: The Politburo has ultimate authority. In 2024, during the second session of the 14th National People's Congress , the Organic Law of the State Council was amended to mandate the CCP Central Committee 's leadership over the State Council. The amended law also stipulates the State Council must follow the CCP's ideology and policies. The State Council is composed of the premier , several vice premiers , several state councillors , ministers of ministries, directors of committees,

374-406: The leadership of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping , who has centralized power around himself, and has taken responsibility over areas that were traditionally the domain of the premier, including the economy. The premier was historically chosen within the CCP through deliberations by incumbent Politburo members and retired CCP Politburo members as part of the process of determining membership in

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408-503: The Chinese government claims Taiwan and the few outlying islands of Fujian ( Kinmen and Matsu ) governed by the Republic of China (Taiwanese government) as its territory , the claimed " Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China " is also classified in this region. Provincial capitals in bold . 31°16′43″N 120°35′09″E  /  31.2785°N 120.5859°E  / 31.2785; 120.5859 State Council of

442-465: The NPC or its Standing Committee . The premier officially nominated the candidates for vice premiers, state councillors , ministerial offices and the secretary-general of the State Council for appointment by the NPC. The vice premiers assist the premier in their duties. The first-ranked vice premier acts in the premier's capacity in their absence. The premier chairs the plenary and executive meetings of

476-472: The People%27s Republic of China The State Council of the People's Republic of China , also known as the Central People's Government , is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China . It is constitutionally the highest administrative organ of the country and the executive organ of the National People's Congress , the highest organ of state power . It is composed of

510-682: The People's Republic of China , is the head of government of the People's Republic of China and leader of the State Council . This post was established in 1911 near the end of the Qing dynasty, but the current post dates to 1954, five years after the establishment of the PRC. The premier is the second-highest ranking person in China's political system after the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party ( paramount leader )/ president ( state representative ), and holds

544-439: The People's Republic of China. Since the 1980s, there has been a division of responsibilities between the premier and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary wherein the premier is responsible for the economy and the technical details of implementing government policy while the general secretary gathers the political support necessary for government policy. However, this was seen by observers to be overturned under

578-611: The Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles the day-to-day work of the State Council. The State Council includes 26 constituent departments, and oversees the province-level governments throughout China. Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. The establishment, dissolution, or merger of

612-465: The State Council and heads the General Office of the State Council. The executive meeting of the State Council, consisting of the premier, vice premiers, state councillors and the secretary-general, meets two to three times a month, while the plenary session, consisting of all members of the State Council, meets every six months. The State Council directly oversees provincial-level People's Governments, and in practice maintains membership with top levels of

646-603: The State Council is hosted by the Premier, joined by Vice Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of Ministries and Commissions, the Governor of the People's Bank, the Auditor-General, and the Secretary-General. It usually runs bi-annually and when necessary, non-members can be invited to participate. Premier of China The premier of China , officially the premier of the State Council of

680-434: The State Council meets every six months, composed of all members of the State Council. Between meetings it is guided by an Executive Meeting of the State Council  [ zh ] which is held two to three times a month, and can be called at the discretion of the premier. The Executive Meeting is composed of the premier, vice premiers, state councilors, and the secretary-general. (first-ranked) The Plenary Meeting of

714-470: The State Council. The executive meetings include the premier, vice premiers, state councillors and the secretary-general of the State Council, and are held two or three times a month, and can be held in any time if necessary. The State Council has the authority to issue proposals to the NPC and its Standing Committee, which must be approved by the premier. It can also draft or abolish administrative regulations, which are then signed into order and promulgated by

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748-714: The abdication of the Xuantong Emperor . However, the post was briefly revived in July 1917 during Zhang Xun 's attempt to restore the Qing monarchy, but he only held it for several days before Beijing was retaken by Republican forces. Following the collapse of the Qing, the premier of the Republic of China was created as Premier of the Cabinet ( 內閣總理 ) in 1912. It was changed to the Secretary of State ( 國務卿 ) in 1914 and Premier of State Council ( 國務總理 ) in 1916 in

782-487: The auditor general, and the secretary-general . The premier leads the State Council and is appointed by the NPC upon the nomination by the president , though in practice the premier is chosen within the CCP leadership, including the Politburo Standing Committee . The vice premiers (one executive and generally three others), state councillors, and a secretary-general (who normally also serves as

816-422: The constituent departments are proposed by the premier and decided by the NPC or its Standing Committee. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries. In addition to the ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis. The State Council controls

850-418: The election, the president signs the presidential order formalizing the premier's appointment. Since 2018, the premier is required to recite the constitutional oath of office before assuming office. The premier is the highest administrative position in the government of China . The premier heads the State Council and is responsible for organizing and administering the Chinese civil bureaucracy. For example,

884-502: The head of the National Defense Mobilization Commission which is a department of the armed forces. The State Council has the authority to impose martial law in subdivisions below the provincial-level administrative divisions , which the premier then proclaims in an order; premier Li Peng once used the authority to impose martial law in parts of Beijing and to order the military crackdown of

918-481: The highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The premier presides over the plenary and executive meetings of the State Council, and assumes overall leadership over the State Council's work. The premier also signs administrative regulations passed by the State Council and signs the orders approving the appointment and removal of deputy-ministerial level officials of the State Council, as well as chief executives of Hong Kong and of Macau . The premier

952-435: The incoming new CCP Politburo Standing Committee . Under this informal process, the eventual future premier is initially chosen as a vice premier before assuming the position of premier during a subsequent round of leadership transitions. This changed under Xi, with his ally and current premier Li Qiang never having served as vice premier. Officially, the premier is appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC) upon

986-416: The main functions of the State Council are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to the NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council has flexibility in decision-making, especially with regard to economic matters, but

1020-609: The name of a cabinet, autocracy under the name of constitutionalism." When the Wuchang Uprising broke out in November 1911, the imperial court summoned the general Yuan Shikai to command the Beiyang Army and put down the revolution . He was named Prime Minister on 2 November 1911, shortly after Prince Qing stepped down. He remained in that office until March 1912, when he negotiated with Empress Dowager Longyu

1054-528: The nomination of the president . The NPC also has the power to remove the premier and other state officers from office. Elections and removals are decided by majority vote. In practice, the premier is chosen within the CCP leadership, including the Politburo Standing Committee. The length of the premier's term of office is the same as the NPC, which is 5 years, and the premier is restricted to two consecutive terms. Immediately after

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1088-460: The premier is tasked with planning and implementing national economic and social development and the state budget. The premier has always been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The premier's duties includes overseeing the various ministries, departments, commissions and statutory agencies. The premier can also propose the establishment, merger or dissolution of ministries, which would then be decided upon by

1122-401: The premier, vice premiers, state councilors, ministers, chairpersons of commissions, the auditor-general, the governor of the People's Bank of China, and the secretary-general. The premier is responsible for the State Council and exercises overall leadership of its work. The secretary-general of the State Council, under the leadership of the premier, is responsible for handling the daily work of

1156-465: The premier. The premier delivers a government work report at the annual session of the NPC. The premier also signs the order approving the appointments or removals of State Council officials at the deputy-ministerial level, as well as the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and the Chief Executive of Macau . The premier does not have command authority over the armed forces , but is generally

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