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60-740: The zone was established on 17 January 2017, at the direction of the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), with the mission of promoting economic integration across the ( Eastern seaboard ). The first law of the EEC is the Eastern Special Development Zone Act, proclaimed on 15 May 2019. The Eastern Seaboard Development Programme (ESDP) was initiated as part of the Fifth Economic and Social Development Plan of Thailand (1982–1986). It aimed at developing

120-466: A new constitution drafted by the NCPO was promulgated replacing the 2014 interim constitution . The transitory provisions of the 2017 constitution state that the NCPO will come to an end when a cabinet established after the first general election under this constitution takes office, but until then the NCPO retained its sweeping powers under the 2014 constitution. These provisions also constitutionalised all

180-479: A purchasing power parity basis), and US$ 63.76bn (on a nominal basis), about 15% of Thailand's GDP. Alibaba is among the most prominent investors in the EEC. Alibaba committed approximately US$ 320 million for the development of an e-commerce digital hub in the EEC. Twelve Key Industries Identified as Potential Growth Engines for Thailand: Five S-curve industries: Next-generation automotive, intelligent electronics, advanced agriculture and biotechnology, food for

240-436: A convention center, a retail market, a healthcare hub, a research and development hub, a start-up community, and a world-class sports complex for major international events. The Eastern Economic Corridor is served by U-Tapao International Airport , one of three main commercial airports in the country. As Bangkok's two international airports are currently operating beyond capacity, the government intends to transform U-Tapao into

300-425: A failure. Maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance, repair and overhaul ( MRO ), and MRO is also used for maintenance, repair and operations . Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The United States Department of Defense uses the following definitions: Maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system, in which

360-617: A hub for aviation-related industries, logistics, and tourism. The Airport City will feature various commercial areas, including hotels, shopping malls, convention centers, and office buildings. The development is expected to attract both domestic and international investors, creating jobs and spurring economic growth in the region. The Eastern Economic Corridor is served by the State Railway of Thailand 's (SRT) Eastern Line. The main stations are Chachoengsao Junction railway station and Chon Buri railway station . A high-speed rail line

420-493: A law was issued to determine monthly salaries and other monetary benefits for NCPO staff. General Prayut was granted 125,590 baht per month. Each of the other NCPO members was granted salaries of 119,920 baht (US$ 3,362) per month. These salaries are in addition to the benefits they are already entitled to receive by virtue of their posts in the armed forces. Immediately after the coup was announced, People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) protesters expressed their support for

480-403: A predicted/fixed shelf life schedule. These items are given to tax-exempt institutions. Condition-based maintenance ( CBM ), shortly described, is maintenance when need arises . Albeit chronologically much older, It is considered one section or practice inside the broader and newer predictive maintenance field, where new AI technologies and connectivity abilities are put to action and where

540-482: A third Passenger Terminal Building, a Cargo Village, and a Free Trade Zone , among other commercial areas. These facilities will be seamlessly connected to the airport by a Ground Transportation Center, which will include a high-speed train , buses , and taxis . Additionally, an Automated People Mover (APM) will run through automated walkways and allow passengers to travel to and from the airport quickly and efficiently. The project will be completed in four phases, with

600-442: A third major destination for airlines. To support this goal, the state government and private sector have developed a project plan to construct an airport with two 3,500-meter runways and 124 aircraft stands, along with supporting facilities such as an MRO Complex, an Aviation Training Center, and a Ground Transportation Center. The project is being undertaken by U-Tapao International Aviation Company Limited (BBS Joint Venture), which

660-416: Is a neutral, prudent economic manager that refrains from mixing business and politics. Top army brass appear to be inexplicably wealthy. The generals have been accused of larding Thai companies with junta cronies, of boosting defense budgets, and of making little progress on economic reform. Since taking over, the NCPO has made full use of martial law to prosecute opponents, ban political activity, and censor

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720-487: Is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, planned maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime. The key factor as to when and why this work is being done is timing, and involves a service, resource or facility being unavailable. By contrast, condition-based maintenance

780-510: Is capable of handling the largest ( Post-Panamax ) vessels. The EEC is home to Burapha University , Amata University (EEC campus of National Taiwan University ), CMKL University ( Carnegie Mellon University ), and Asian Institute of Hospitality Management ( Les Roches International School of Hotel Management , Switzerland). The University of Tokyo (Japan), Kyoto University (Japan), Waseda University (Japan), Hohai University (China), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , and

840-641: Is not directly based on equipment age. Planned maintenance is preplanned, and can be date-based, based on equipment running hours, or on distance travelled. Parts that have scheduled maintenance at fixed intervals, usually due to wearout or a fixed shelf life , are sometimes known as time-change interval, or TCI items. Predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance , because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it

900-532: Is not lubricated on schedule" that functions "until a bearing burns out." Preventive maintenance contracts are generally a fixed cost, whereas improper maintenance introduces a variable cost: replacement of major equipment. Main objective of PM are: Preventive maintenance or preventative maintenance ( PM ) has the following meanings: Other terms and abbreviations related to PM are: Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred to as simply planned maintenance ( PM ) or scheduled maintenance ,

960-423: Is not trivial to turn this measured data into actionable knowledge about the health of the equipment. As systems get more costly, and instrumentation and information systems tend to become cheaper and more reliable, CBM becomes an important tool for running a plant or factory in an optimal manner. Better operations will lead to lower production cost and lower use of resources. And lower use of resources may be one of

1020-788: Is planned to serve the EEC. The Don Mueang–Suvarnabhumi–U-Tapao high-speed railway will connect Don Mueang International Airport , Suvarnabhumi Airport and U-Tapao International Airport . On 24 October 2019, a 224.5 billion baht (US$ 7.4bn) contract was signed by the Thai government and a consortium led by Charoen Pokphand Holding to build the railway. The consortium includes Charoen Pokphand (CP); Ch. Karnchang PLC (CK); Bangkok Expressway and Metro PLC (BEM); Italian-Thai Development PLC (ITD); and China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC). The 220 kilometre line will consist of 181 kilometres of elevated track, eight kilometres of underground track, and two kilometres of surface track. Construction of

1080-456: Is regarded as condition-based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item. The main promise of predictive maintenance is to allow convenient scheduling of corrective maintenance , and to prevent unexpected equipment failures. This maintenance strategy uses sensors to monitor key parameters within a machine or system, and uses this data in conjunction with analysed historical trends to continuously evaluate

1140-557: Is that the first generation of CBM in the oil and gas industry has only focused on vibration in heavy rotating equipment. Secondly, introducing CBM will invoke a major change in how maintenance is performed, and potentially to the whole maintenance organization in a company. Organizational changes are in general difficult. Also, the technical side of it is not always as simple. Even if some types of equipment can easily be observed by measuring simple values such as vibration (displacement, velocity or acceleration), temperature or pressure, it

1200-857: Is the governing body of the Eastern Economic Corridor. It is an independent public agency, reporting directly to the prime minister . It was established on 15 May 2019 by the Eastern Special Development Zone (2018) Act and replaced the Eastern Economic Corridor Office. The EEC Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General of the Eastern Special Development Zone Policy Office. The EEC had a 2013 GDP of US$ 158.79bn (on

1260-1522: The Auckland University of Technology plan to open campuses in the EEC. National Council for Peace and Order Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Paetongtarn Shinawatra ( PTP ) Phumtham Wechayachai ( PTP ) Suriya Juangroongruangkit ( PTP ) Anutin Charnvirakul ( BTP ) Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( UTN ) Pichai Chunhavajira ( PTP ) Prasert Jantararuangtong ( PTP ) Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Mongkol Surasajja [REDACTED] Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Pichet Chuamuangphan ( PTP ) Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( BTP ) Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut ( PP ) [REDACTED] Mongkol Surasajja Kriangkrai Srirak Bunsong Noisophon President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul President: Prasitsak Meelarp President: Nakarin Mektrairat Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam) Foreign aid The National Council for Peace and Order ( NCPO ; Thai : คณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติ ; RTGS :  khana raksa khwam sangop haeng chat ; abbreviated ( Thai : คสช. ; RTGS :  khosocho ))

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1320-636: The Office of Prime Minister On 26 May 2014, the NCPO announced the formation of its Board of Consultants: The stated objective of the coup and NCPO was to restore order to Thailand and to enact political reforms. Specifically, Thailand's military junta promised to clean up corruption, reduce political tensions, transform the Thai economy, solve the issues in Thailand's educational system and infrastructure, and equitably allocate state funding regionally. Since then, Thailand's military has failed to demonstrate it

1380-483: The Bangkok metropolitan area is aimed at integrating land transportation. A passenger-only ferry service from Pattaya to Hua Hin began operation on 12 January 2017 but is no longer in operation.It was operated by Royal Passenger Liner. By road, the journey takes five to six hours. The ferry shortens travel time to about two hours, subject to sea conditions. The ferry cruises at 27 knots on the 113 km journey across

1440-409: The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) into a regional financial hub and a world-class smart city by 2037. The project will be divided into three phases, with the business and financial hub being constructed by 2025 and developed into one of the world's top 10 smart cities by 2037. The government estimates that the smart city will accommodate 350,000 people and create at least 200,000 jobs by 2032. 87.5% of

1500-469: The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand. The industrial estates are: The EEC Livable Smart City, in its ultimate phase, will span over 10,000 hectares (100 square kilometers) and accommodate 2 million inhabitants. Its design prioritizes livability, sustainability, and smart technologies, with a central 64-hectare park and natural waterways connecting twelve districts. The city will also features various facilities, including government buildings, offices,

1560-512: The Gulf of Thailand with a maximum passenger capacity of 150 persons. Larger ferries carrying up to 260 people may be added to the service later. Ferries capable of carrying vehicles are projected for 2020. The Eastern Economic Corridor is served by two ports: Laem Chabang Port and Map Ta Phut Port . Laem Chabang Port is main international port from its opening in 1991. It is Thailand's largest port. The port occupies 2,572 acres (1,041 ha) and

1620-556: The NCPO's tightening control of Buddhism, also expressed surprise at the arrest. All of the monks arrested in the May raids were defrocked shortly after being taken into custody, and detained before trial. The NCPO repealed the 2007 Constitution , save the second chapter which deals with the King . In addition, it formally ordered the dissolution of the caretaker government, while the Senate

1680-497: The acronym CBM is more often used to describe 'condition Based Monitoring' rather than the maintenance itself. CBM maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating. This concept is applicable to mission-critical systems that incorporate active redundancy and fault reporting . It is also applicable to non-mission critical systems that lack redundancy and fault reporting. Condition-based maintenance

1740-694: The actions as well as the announcements and orders of the NCPO. Parliamentary elections under the new 2017 Constitution were held on 24 March 2019. The NCPO was dissolved on 16 July 2019 with the swearing-in of the new cabinet. Maintenance The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery , building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Over time, this has come to include multiple wordings that describe various cost-effective practices to keep equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after

1800-664: The appointment of a monk from the Dhammayuttika Nikaya instead by King Rama X , who chose the name out of one of five given to him by Prayut. In 2017, Prayut used article 44 to replace the head of the National Office of Buddhism with a Department of Special Investigation (DSI) official. However, in August 2017, Prayut removed him from the post after religious groups called on the government to fire him because of his reform plans, which were viewed as damaging

1860-489: The budget will come from the private sector, 2.8% from the government, and 9.7% from state enterprises or public-private partnerships. The project is expected to boost Thailand's GDP by 2 trillion baht over 10 years. Leased land and property in the EEC business hub and smart city will be transferred back to the government in 50 years. The economic zone includes three principal provinces and two peripheral provinces. The Eastern Special Development Zone Policy Office (ESDZPO)

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1920-431: The concept of maintainability must be included. In this scenario, maintainability is considered as the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions, using prescribed procedures and resources. In some domains like aircraft maintenance , terms maintenance, repair and overhaul also include inspection, rebuilding, alteration and

1980-459: The country. The junta censored the broadcasting system in Thailand, suspended most of the constitution (except for the article concerning the country's king), and detained members of the Thai cabinet. The NCPO was formally dissolved following the swearing-in of the new cabinet on 16 July 2019. Critics like former Thai ambassador Pithaya Pookaman charge that the NCPO "...is practically still very much intact. Its arbitrary power[s] ... transferred to

2040-407: The coup, the NCPO set up a National Reform Council with a religious committee led by former Thai senator Paiboon Nititawan and former monk Mano Laohavanich . The calls for reform were led by one of Prayut's close allies, activist monk Phra Buddha Issara, known for leading the violent protests in Bangkok that led to the coup. In 2016, the NCPO proposed requiring temples to open their finances to

2100-419: The existing Internal Security Operations Command chaired by the prime minister." The original English name assumed by the junta was "National Peace and Order Maintaining Council" or "NPOMC". The name was later changed to "National Council for Peace and Order" or "NCPO" on 24 May 2014. On 22 May 2014, the NCPO announced its composition and stated that its leader would exercise all powers and duties which

2160-427: The first phase set to be completed by 2024, accommodating 15.9 million passengers, and the final phase scheduled for completion in 2055, accommodating up to 60 million passengers annually. The Eastern Airport City is a part of the larger initiative to improve transportation and logistics infrastructure in the EEC. It is a planned mixed-use development that will be integrated with U-Tapao International Airport, serving as

2220-425: The future, and high-value and medical tourism. Seven new S-curve and supporting/emerging industries: Automation and robotics, aviation and logistics, medical and comprehensive healthcare, biofuel and biochemical, digital, defense, and education and human resource development. The EEC Policy Committee approved promotional zones in two categories: There are currently 26 industrial estates and 2 industrial clusters in

2280-446: The image of monks. Phra Buddha Issara said the junta gave in to pressure too easily given government promises to fight corruption . In May 2018, the NCPO launched simultaneous raids of four different temples to arrest several monks shortly after a crackdown on protesters on the anniversary of the coup. To the surprise of many officials, one of the monks arrested was Phra Buddha Issara, known for his ties to Prayut. The right-wing monk

2340-399: The initial cost of CBM can be high. It requires improved instrumentation of the equipment. Often the cost of sufficient instruments can be quite large, especially on equipment that is already installed. Wireless systems have reduced the initial cost. Therefore, it is important for the installer to decide the importance of the investment before adding CBM to all equipment. A result of this cost

2400-740: The judicial branch to operate under its directives. Later that day, it transferred Police General Adul Saengsingkaew, who was the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police and also its deputy leader, to an inactive post in the Office of the Prime Minister . Adul was replaced by Police General Watcharapol Prasarnrajkit. On 26 May, King Bhumibol Adulyadej endorsed the coup, formally appointing General Prayut Chan-o-cha to "take charge of public administration" as of 24 May. Office of Prime Minister Minister of

2460-409: The laws invest in the prime minister and the cabinet, until a new prime minister was elected or appointed. On 23 May, the NCPO announced that short and long-term national administrative policies would be determined by its leader. It assigned its members to government ministries and agencies. On 24 May 2014, the NCPO dissolved the Senate and vested legislative power in its leader. It also ordered

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2520-440: The maintenance personnel of today is more than ever able to decide what is the right time to perform maintenance on some piece of equipment. Ideally, condition-based maintenance will allow the maintenance personnel to do only the right things, minimizing spare parts cost, system downtime and time spent on maintenance. Despite its usefulness of equipment, there are several challenges to the use of CBM. First and most important of all,

2580-598: The media. More than 1,000 people, including academics, political bloggers, activists and politicians, have been detained or sent for "attitude adjustment" at military installations. There are allegations of torture. Prosecutions under the country's strict lèse majesté laws, which protect the monarchy from insult, have risen sharply. In its annual report in January 2015, Human Rights Watch said military rule had sent human rights in Thailand into "a freefall". The victims said that they were taken out of their house and detained in

2640-494: The military base. Renowned dissents such as Yingluck Shinawatra , Watana Muangsook , Pravit Rojanaphruk , and Karun Hosakul were abused by the NCPO since the coup. Deputy Prime Minister Prawit Wongsuwan told reporters that "If they speak so 100 times, they will be summoned 100 times." Prawit added that "attitude adjustment" can last between three and seven days. From 2015, Buddhism in Thailand came under significantly higher state control during Prayut's premiership. Following

2700-690: The most important differentiators in a future where environmental issues become more important by the day. Another scenario where value can be created is by monitoring the health of a car motor. Rather than changing parts at predefined intervals, the car itself can tell you when something needs to be changed based on cheap and simple instrumentation. It is Department of Defense policy that condition-based maintenance (CBM) be "implemented to improve maintenance agility and responsiveness, increase operational availability, and reduce life cycle total ownership costs". CBM has some advantages over planned maintenance: Its disadvantages are: Today, due to its costs, CBM

2760-1033: The original constituent materials where possible, or with suitable polymer technologies when not. Preventive maintenance ( PM ) is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them before major ones develop." Ideally, "nothing breaks down." The main goal behind PM is for the equipment to make it from one planned service to the next planned service without any failures caused by fatigue, extreme fluctuation in temperature(such as heat waves ) during seasonal changes, neglect, or normal wear (preventable items), which Planned Maintenance and Condition Based Maintenance help to achieve by replacing worn components before they actually fail. Maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at specified periods, oil changes, lubrication, minor adjustments, and so on. In addition, workers can record equipment deterioration so they know to replace or repair worn parts before they cause system failure. The New York Times gave an example of "machinery that

2820-405: The prime minister had invoked the special powers of Section 44 of the interim charter to revoke city plans in three provinces to remove obstacles to EEC development. Planners see the region as strategically important as it borders the gulf as well as being close to Bangkok , and two major airports. In December 2022, the Thai government approved a 1.35 trillion baht ($ 44 billion) plan to develop

2880-488: The public and requiring monks to carry smart cards to identify their legal and religious backgrounds. The measures were aimed at increasing transparency and efficiency in the management of temples and registration of monks, and were endorsed by the Sangha Supreme Council. The new constitution promulgated in 2017 indicates that the state shall support Buddhism and other religions as well as in disseminating

2940-428: The rail line will begin 12 to 24 months from the date of contract signing. Trains on the route will operate at maximum speeds of 250 kmph. The consortium will have the right to operate and manage the rail line for 50 years after which project assets will revert to the government. The Ministry of Transport's plan to extend Motorway 7 (Bangkok-Chon Buri-Map Ta Phut) to connect U-Tapao International Airport with seaports and

3000-566: The region of the eastern seaboard in order to promote industrial growth and to decentralize economic and population growth. The Thai government approached the World Bank for funding, but was turned away as, in the eyes of the bank, the project lacked "economic rationality". Japan rescued the project by providing a modest 178.8 billion yen (US$ 1.6 billion) in loans, underwriting the construction of 16 projects: ports, roads, waterworks, and industrial parks. Japanese companies then invested heavily in

3060-415: The region. As of 2020, many of the estimated 5,500 Japanese companies in Thailand have facilities in the area. After the 2014 coup , the NCPO announced the creation of a special economic zone (SEZ) called the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) with a budget of 1.5 trillion baht (US$ 43 billion) over its first five years. It is a key component of the "Thailand 4.0" economic policy announced in 2016. As of 2017,

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3120-984: The supply of spare parts, accessories, raw materials, adhesives, sealants, coatings and consumables for aircraft maintenance at the utilization stage. In international civil aviation maintenance means: This definition covers all activities for which aviation regulations require issuance of a maintenance release document (aircraft certificate of return to service – CRS). The marine and air transportation, offshore structures, industrial plant and facility management industries depend on maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) including scheduled or preventive paint maintenance programmes to maintain and restore coatings applied to steel in environments subject to attack from erosion, corrosion and environmental pollution. The basic types of maintenance falling under MRO include: Architectural conservation employs MRO to preserve, rehabilitate, restore, or reconstruct historical structures with stone, brick, glass, metal, and wood which match

3180-468: The system health and predict a breakdown before it happens. This strategy allows maintenance to be performed more efficiently, since more up-to-date data is obtained about how close the product is to failure. Predictive replacement is the replacement of an item that is still functioning properly. Usually it is a tax-benefit based replacement policy whereby expensive equipment or batches of individually inexpensive supply items are removed and donated on

3240-440: The takeover. Phra Buddha Issara, a Buddhist monk and PDRC co-leader, went on stage and proclaimed the victory of the anti- Yingluck Shinawatra government protesters before requesting that protesters return to their homes. Some pro-Shinawatra government protesters dispersed at the behest of the military, while others refused to leave. The NCPO provided 70 military vehicles to send protesters from both sides home. On 6 April 2017,

3300-562: The teachings of Theravada Buddhism. Prayut later stalled a decision by the Sangha Supreme Council by refusing to submit the nomination for Supreme Patriarch of Somdet Chuang , a Maha Nikaya monk who was next in line for the position. The appointment was stalled until a law passed that allowed the Thai government to bypass the Sangha Supreme Council and appoint the Supreme Patriarch directly. This led to

3360-447: Was arrested for charges brought against him in 2014, including alleged robbery and detaining officials, however, his most serious charge was a charge of unauthorized use of the royal seal filed in 2017. Police did not state why he was just then being arrested for charges filed as far back as four years ago; one activist stated he believed it was because of an order from an undisclosed influential figure. Former Senator Paiboon, who led

3420-696: Was awarded a 50-year contract and recently signed the Public Private Partnership Agreement of U-Tapao International Airport & Eastern Airport City Project on 19 June 2020. The signing ceremony was presided over by the Prime Minister General Prayut Chan-o-cha . U-Tapao International Aviation Company Limited is a joint venture among three large private companies: Bangkok Airways , BTS Group Holdings , and Sino-Thai Engineering and Construction. The private sector partners will also construct

3480-418: Was dissolved. Other state agencies, including the courts and the independent organs, remain operative. The NCPO imposed a curfew throughout the country, ordering people to stay indoors from 22:00 to 05:00. It laid down a ban on political gatherings and directed all protesters to disperse. It also ordered all educational institutes, both public and private, to close from 23 to 25 May 2014. On 2 August 2014,

3540-480: Was introduced to try to maintain the correct equipment at the right time. CBM is based on using real-time data to prioritize and optimize maintenance resources. Observing the state of the system is known as condition monitoring . Such a system will determine the equipment's health, and act only when maintenance is actually necessary. Developments in recent years have allowed extensive instrumentation of equipment, and together with better tools for analyzing condition data,

3600-491: Was the military junta that ruled Thailand between its 2014 Thai coup d'état on 22 May 2014 and 16 July 2019. On 20 May 2014, the military declared martial law nationwide in an attempt to stop the country's escalating political crisis , and to force the democratically elected government out of office. On 22 May, the military removed the Yingluck Shinawatra government and formed the NCPO to take control of

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