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28-481: On 7 January 2019, Union Council of Ministers approved a 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in the unreserved category. The cabinet decided that this would be over and above the existing 50% reservation for SC/ST/OBC categories. On 8 January 2019, The Constitution (One Hundred and Third amendment) Bill, 2019 was tabled in

56-600: A proclamation of emergency by the president in accordance with Article 352 . According to the Constitution of India , the total number of ministers in the council of ministers must not exceed 15% of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha. Ministers must be members of parliament. Any minister who is not a member of either of the houses of the parliament for six consecutive months is automatically stripped off his or her ministerial post. There are five categories of

84-781: Is currently the official opposition in Maharashtra Legislature . Most of the MVA constituents are members of the Indian National Congress -led Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at pan-India level. The alliance was formed by non- NDA political parties in Maharashtra as a result of 2019 Maharashtra political crisis where the Shiv Sena left the NDA post-polls over differences with

112-672: Is governed by its council of ministers with rules and procedures similar to the union council of ministers per Articles 163, 164 and 167(c) . In March 2020, the Supreme Court of India used its powers for the first time to do "complete justice" under Article 142 of the Indian Constitution to remove a minister functioning in the state of Manipur. Council portfolios are as follows: Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Planning Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Earth Sciences Minister of State in

140-559: Is the principal executive organ of the Government of India , which functions as the senior decision-making body of the executive branch. It is chaired by the prime minister and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by prime minister Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Parliament of India . A smaller executive body called

168-515: The Constitution of India to permit 10% reservations to the EWS category. A number of state cabinets approved the law and announced their intention to implement the 10% EWS reservations. On 10 January 2019, Youth For Equality , an NGO that opposes caste-based policies, challenged the proposed amendment at the Supreme Court of India on grounds that it breaches the 50% reservations ceiling set by

196-618: The Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Parliament of India and it was passed on the same day. The bill was passed by the upper house Rajya Sabha on 9 January. President Ram Nath Kovind gave assent to the bill on 12 January 2019, and a gazette was released on the bill, which turned it into law. Coming into force on 14 January 2019, the One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India amended articles 15(6) and 16(6) of

224-736: The Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government. Pursuant to Article 75(3) , the Council of Ministers is responsible collectively to the lower house of the Indian parliament , called the Lok Sabha (House of the People). When a bill introduced by a minister in

252-541: The central government . State governments are given the authority to change the eligibility criteria and also to extend the income limit further for candidates seeking reservation under the EWS category, which will be valid only in state-owned colleges and state government's jobs as deemed fit for the respective states. People belonging to the Economically Weaker Section since 1 February 2019 now get 10% reservation in education and government jobs of India (vertical reservations) similar to OBC , SC , ST . People belonging to

280-593: The BJP in their preferred candidates for Chief Minister and other important portfolio positions after the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election . Sharad Pawar , Sanjay Raut , Ahmed Patel and other leaders across the NCP, INC and Shiv Sena worked to realise a new alliance after Shiv Sena and BJP parted ways and Shiv Sena's lone Union Minister in Modi's cabinet , Arvind Sawant , tendered his resignation. Uddhav Thackeray

308-605: The EWS reservation criteria established by the Central Government. These states include Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal. On October 21, 2019, the Kerala Cabinet decided to amend the State and Subordinate Service Rules and implement the EWS scheme. The Cabinet noted that

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336-465: The Government of India, whereas the definition of EBC and Most Economically Backward Class (MEBC) vary in different states as well as institutions. The eligibility to get the EWS certificate is not only purely based on annual family income but also based on the held property. The income limit has been set by the central government for admission to central government-owned colleges and jobs offered by

364-619: The Indian state of Maharashtra . It is one of the two major political alliances in Maharashtra. The alliance was formed under the leadership of Uddhav Thackeray of SHS (UBT) (then Shiv Sena ), Sharad Pawar of the NCP(SP) and Sonia Gandhi of the INC , along with the support from the Samajwadi Party , PWPI , CPI(M) and several other political parties including Independent MLAs. MVA

392-479: The Lok Sabha is not approved by it, the entire council of ministers is responsible and not the minister. The council of ministers upon losing the confidence of Lok Sabha shall resign to facilitate the formation of a new government. A minister shall take any decision without being considered by the council of ministers per Article 78(c) . All union cabinet members shall submit in writing to the President to propose

420-635: The OBC category that are listed under the State list but not in the Central list are also eligible for the EWS. This reservation weakened the pace of many reservation agitations such as the Jat reservation moment, Patidar reservation movement, and Kapu reservation movement. Aspirants from the EWS category are not fully satisfied with this reservation because it does not include many benefits like age relaxation, fee relaxation, post-metric scholarship and house criteria from

448-580: The Prime Minister's Office Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy Maha Vikas Aghadi The Maha Vikas Aghadi ( transl.  Grand Development Front ; abbreviated as MVA ), is a state-level political alliance of centre to centre-left political parties in

476-468: The council of ministers as given below, in descending order of rank : Pursuant to Article 75 , a minister who works at the pleasure of the president , is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Since at least the turn of the millennia, evidence indicates that an MP 's electoral performance enhances the likelihood of being granted a ministerial portfolio. Every state in India

504-405: The eligibility criteria for EWS reservations in the union government programmes are uniform across the country, its implementation in various states differs. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal have adopted EWS quota. Several Indian states have adopted

532-402: The formation of a new state government . The incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party Shiv Sena alliance crossed the majority of 145 seats needed in the assembly by winning a total of 161 seats in the alliance. Individually BJP won 105 and SHS won 56 seats. The Opposition INC-NCP Alliance with 106 seats did not reach the majority mark. Individually INC won 44 and NCP won 54 seats. Eknath Shinde ,

560-641: The implementation did not affect the existing reservation categories. A panel headed by the retired judge, KS Sasidharan Nair, was appointed by the government to set the criteria for EWS in the state. The Indian Union Muslim League (IUML), the Welfare Party of India and the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI), and the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Yogam had come out against the move. After studying

588-521: The report, the government implemented its suggestions after some modifications. Under this, eligibility for EWS was changed for higher education and jobs in the state of Kerala. In June 2021, the tripartite Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) government in Maharashtra announced that the Maratha Community can now avail of benefits under the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) quota. Union Council of Ministers The Union Council of Ministers

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616-521: The reservations criteria that the same court had specified in an earlier case. On 25 January 2019, the Supreme Court refused to stay the 10% reservation given to GEN-EWS category in government jobs and educational institutions. On 6 August 2020, the court decided that a 5-member bench would hear the case. On 7 November 2022, Supreme Court of India by a 3:2 verdict in Janhit Abhiyan vs Union Of India Writ Petition (Civil) No(S). 55 OF 2019, upheld

644-426: The same court; the group said it fully supports EWS reservations but wants this to be done by converting the existing 27% OBC quota into an economic means-tested non-caste-based quota instead, thus staying within the 50% cap set by the apex court. Conversely, leaders of Backward Classes welfare groups also approached the Supreme Court, opposing reservations for EWS groups altogether, arguing that EWS groups did not meet

672-525: The total reservation to 59.50% in central institutions. The Union Government of India tabled the Constitution (One Hundred third, 103rd CAA) Bill, 2019, by amending articles 15(6) and 16(6) of the constitution which provided 10% additional quota for the EWS students amongst the erstwhile Unreserved category or General category students. The terms Economically Weaker Section (EWS) and Economically Backward Class (EBC) are not meant to be confused with each other in India. The definition of EWS has been defined by

700-426: The validity of the 103rd constitutional amendment carried out to provide legal sanction carve out 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections from unreserved classes for admission in educational institutions and government jobs and held that the 50% cap on quota is not inviolable and affirmative action on economic basis may go a long way in eradicating caste-based reservation. This constitutional amendment pushed

728-437: The varied ideologies among the partner parties, there was a plan to form two committees for guidance of the coalition - a co-ordination committee for implementation of common minimum programme and other higher decision making committee that will include party chiefs. A political crisis in the Indian state of Maharashtra occurred on 21 October 2019 after the declaration of results of the 2019 legislative assembly election over

756-503: The very beginning. The definition of "Family" in the EWS reservation means: "The person who seeks the benefit of reservation, his/her parents and siblings below the age of 18 years as also his/her spouse and children below the age of 18 years" . EWS certificate can be used to avail the 10% reservation for the GEN-Economically Weaker Section in higher education all over the India and government jobs. While

784-763: Was elected as the president of the MVA after a meeting on 26 November 2019. He took oath of the office and secrecy on 28 November 2019 as the 19th Chief Minister of Maharashtra state. In 2022, during a party meeting, Uddhav Thackeray explained his move to pull out of NDA. He said, "We supported the BJP wholeheartedly to enable them to fulfill their national ambitions. The understanding was they will go national while we will lead in Maharashtra. But we were betrayed and attempts were made to destroy us in our home. So we had to hit back". Thackeray accused BJP of dumping its allies according to its political convenience. He said, "BJP doesn't mean Hindutva. I stand by my comment that Shiv Sena had wasted 25 years in alliance with BJP." Given

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