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34-479: Certain obstacles of educational leadership can be overcome. A self-assessment technique can help examine equity and justice that affects student diversity, especially with selection of candidates. The term school leadership came into existence in the late 20th century for several reasons. Demands were made on schools for higher levels of pupil achievement, and schools were expected to improve and reform. These expectations were accompanied by calls for accountability at

68-589: A religious order whose main charism is teaching. It became a co-educational university in 1969 and later purchased the campus and buildings of the former College of Saint Teresa , a women's college in Winona that ceased operations in 1989. In recent years, portions of the Saint Teresa campus were sold to Winona State University and Winona Cotter High School. During the 1980s the main Winona campus underwent vigorous growth. Constructed during this decade were

102-482: A formal leadership team and other persons who contribute toward the aims of the school. While school leadership or educational leadership have become popular as replacements for educational administration in recent years, leadership arguably presents only a partial picture of the work of school, division or district, and ministerial or state education agency personnel, not to mention the areas of research explored by university faculty in departments concerned with

136-490: A part of an educational leadership department. In these cases, the entire department is charged with educating educational leaders with specific specialization areas such as university leadership, community college leadership, and community-based leadership (as well as school leadership). Masters of education are offered at a number of universities around the United States in traditional and online formats including

170-575: A partnership with Catholic College of Mandeville, Jamaica. In 2011, the Twin Cities campus added Harrington Mansion and Saint Mary's Event Center to its expanding facilities on Park Avenue in Minneapolis. In 1995, Saint Mary's College was renamed Saint Mary's University of Minnesota to reflect the expanded role of graduate and professional programming, and to distinguish Saint Mary's from schools with similar names. Saint Mary's University offers

204-424: A school change after the principal changes. This outcome-based approach to measuring effectiveness of principals is very similar to the value-added modeling that has been applied to the evaluation of teachers. Such research in the state of Texas found that principals have a very large impact on student achievement. Effective school principals have been shown to significantly improve the performance of all students at

238-426: A series of new, non-traditional graduate and professional programs. The Schools of Graduate and Professional Programs, using a variety of course delivery methods and locations, is now one of Minnesota's largest graduate schools. SGPP programs are delivered at the Twin Cities campus, Rochester center, Apple Valley center, Minnetonka center, Oakdale center, and at locations around Minnesota and Wisconsin. The university has

272-504: A soccer field / track complex in 2008, Brother Leopold Hall (2012, which includes an outdoor recreation center donated by the Winona ski club), and the new freshmen residence hall Brother William completed in 2019. During the summer of 2021, the old Adducci science building was renovated and renamed Aquinas Hall, which includes a new facility for the University's nursing program. Beginning in 1985, then-president Louis DeThomasis launched

306-430: A wide range of degrees. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees for both traditional and non-traditional students. In addition to the degrees, Saint Mary's also offers teaching licensures, certifications, and pre-professional programs. Both undergraduate and graduate programs offer online learning. Men study for the priesthood at the adjacent Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary , owned and operated by

340-566: Is a private Catholic university with its primary campuses in Winona and Minneapolis, Minnesota , United States. It comprises an undergraduate residential college in Winona; graduate and professional programs in Winona, the Twin Cities , and Rochester ; and course delivery sites in Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Jamaica . The institution was founded in 1912 and is associated with

374-616: Is marketable skills and jobs after college." The university's sports teams are nicknamed the Cardinals (previously the Redmen until 1988) and compete as a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC). There are 21 NCAA Division III varsity sports teams at Saint Mary's. The Saint Mary's fastpitch softball team won the 2000 NCAA Division III National Title. That title

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408-890: Is not taught formally, with senior educationalists having come through academic pathways, not administration Educational leadership draws upon interdisciplinary literature, generally, but ideally distinguishes itself through its focus on pedagogy , epistemology and human development . In contemporary practice it borrows from political science and business. Debate within the field relates to this tension. Numerous educational leadership theories and perspectives have been presented and explored, such as: (a) instructional leadership ; (b) distributed leadership ; (c) transformational leadership; (d) social justice leadership ; and (e) Teacher leadership . Researchers have explored how different practices and actions impact student achievement, teacher job satisfaction, or other elements related to school improvement. Moreover, researchers continue to investigate

442-828: The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools , also known as the De La Salle Brothers. Bishop Patrick Richard Heffron founded Saint Mary's College in 1912, a men's college operated by the Winona Diocese. Heffron Hall, a residential hall was built in 1920, and named after Bishop Heffron. By 1925 it became a four-year liberal arts college. In 1933, it was taken over by the De La Salle Christian Brothers ,

476-616: The University of Bath and Apsley Business School - London, where the focus is on the management systems of education, especially as British schools move away from state funding to semi-autonomous Free Schools and Academies. In fact in these schools, the focus is on traditional MBA disciplines, such as HR, Change Management and Finance. The so-called "Academisation" of British education is highly contentious and political issue with many headteachers resisting moves to what they see as forced privatization. In mainland Europe, Educational Leadership

510-703: The University of Texas at El Paso , University of Massachusetts , Pepperdine University , Saint Mary's University of Minnesota , Capella University , Northcentral University , and the University of Scranton . Some United States graduate programs with a tradition of graduate education in these areas of specialization have separate departments for them. The area of higher education may include areas such as student affairs leadership, academic affairs leadership, community college leadership, community college and university teaching, vocational , adult education and university administration, and educational wings of nongovernmental organizations. In Europe, similar degrees exist at

544-607: The management of the school. While some head teachers still do some teaching themselves, in most larger schools, most of their duties are managerial and pastoral . They are often used to discipline misbehaving students and to help organize school-sponsored activities, and teachers report to them. In Australia, the head teacher is sometimes in charge of one (in the case of a major subject) or multiple (often in smaller schools) specific departments, such as English, history, maths, science, writing, technology, etc., but maintains full teaching duties and status. They are considered part of

578-599: The Diocese of Winona. Due to financial difficulties and low undergraduate enrollment, in May 2022, the university announced plans to phase out 11 majors including English, history, theatre, music, art, and theology. The president of the university, James P. Burns, said about the decision, "In particular, what we looked at is the majors that we are phasing out are those that really were low enrolled and also didn't hold great promise in terms of what many families and students want, which

612-598: The Ice Arena (1986), Performance Center, including Figliulo Recital Hall and Joseph Page Theatre (1987), Brother Charles Hall science addition (1987), Gilmore Creek Residence (1989), and Christian Brothers Residence (1989). More recent additions include McEnery Center (1993), Gostomski Fieldhouse and Jul Gernes Pool (1994), pedestrian plaza (1994), Pines Hall residence (1995), Hendrickson Center (1996), The Heights (1997), Oscar and Mary Jane Straub Clocktower and Court (1999), Hillside Hall residence (2001), ice arena addition (2004)

646-551: The USA, formal "curriculum audits" are becoming common, in which educational leaders and trained auditors evaluate school leadership and the alignment of curriculum with goals and objectives. Curriculum audits and curriculum mapping were developed by Fenwick W. English in the late 1970s. The educational leaders and auditors who conduct the audits are certified by Phi Delta Kappa . Research shows how educational leadership influences student learning. A study concludes that factors such as

680-478: The United States, the superintendency , or role of the chief school administrator, has undergone many changes since the creation of the position—which is often attributed to the Buffalo Common Council that approved a superintendent on June 9, 1837. The superintendency is about 170 years old with four major role changes from the early 19th century through the first half of the 20th century and into

714-416: The authority over the employment (and in some cases firing) of teachers. The principal is often the chief disciplinarian of the students. While there has been considerable anecdotal discussion about the importance of school principals, there has been very little systematic research into their impact on student outcomes. Recent analysis in the United States has examined how the gains in student achievement at

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748-501: The early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution affected the superintendent's role by shifting the emphasis to expert manager with efficiency in handling non-instructional tasks such as budget, facility, and transportation. The release of A Nation at Risk in 1983 directly impacted public school accountability and, ultimately, the superintendency. The early 1980s initiated the change that has continued through today with

782-466: The early years of the 21st century. Initially, the superintendent's main function was clerical in nature and focused on assisting the board of education with day-to-day details of running the school. At the turn of the 20th century, states began to develop common curriculum for public schools with superintendents fulfilling the role of teacher-scholar or master educator who had added an emphasis on curricular and instructional matters to school operations. In

816-439: The methodology and quality of principal preparation programs. A number of publications and foundations are devoted to studying the particular requirements of leadership in these settings, and educational leadership is taught as an academic discipline at a number of universities. Several countries now have explicit policies on school leadership, including policies and budgets for the training and development of school leaders. In

850-510: The operations of schools and educational institutions. For this reason, there may be grounds to question the merits of the term as a catch-all for the field. Rather, the etiology of its use may be found in more generally and con-temporarily experienced neo-liberal social and economic governance models, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom. On this view, the term is understood as having been borrowed from business. In

884-415: The principal is assisted by one or more " vice-principals ", " assistant principals ", "associate principals", or "deputy principals". Their position is secondary to the principal with regard to school governance. Assistant principals generally perform specific duties such as handling student discipline, curriculum, student council or student activities whereas the principal has the ultimate responsibility for

918-657: The quality of teaching facilities, academic staff, and school administration staff are the main external factors that indirectly affect students' performance in schools. The leadership of school principals therefore plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the management and the commitment of the teaching staff, which have an indirect impact on the academic performance of students. A research study discusses how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be applied in educational leadership to improve decision-making processes. Leveraging data-based insights, automating administrative duties, and facilitating individualized learning are some of

952-400: The school as a whole (including faculty and staff, physical plant, etc.). In many Australian and New Zealand schools, a principal is the head administrator of a school who has been appointed to her/his position by the school board , superintendent, or other body. The principal, often in conjunction with the school board, makes the executive decisions that govern the school, as well as having

986-471: The school executive, and often a head teacher position is a stepping-stone into administration. Rapid demographic changes in the United States have resulted in an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse Pre K-12 student population, so classroom teachers and principals in the U.S. are not only focusing on instructional issues, but also need to increase educational leadership , cross-cultural leadership, and multicultural education . In larger schools,

1020-435: The school level. Maintenance of the status quo was no longer considered acceptable. Administration and management are terms that connote stability through the exercise of control and supervision. The concept of leadership was favored because it conveys dynamism and pro-activity. The principal or school head is commonly thought to be the school leader; however, school leadership may include other persons, such as members of

1054-572: The school, at least in part through their impacts on selection and retention of good teachers. Ineffective principals have a similarly large negative effect on school performance, suggesting that issues of evaluation are as important for school administrators as they are for teachers. The impact of principals has also been measured in non-traditional ways. Some principals have focused their efforts on creating more inclusive schools for students with disabilities. Saint Mary%27s University of Minnesota Saint Mary's University of Minnesota ( SMUMN )

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1088-550: The superintendent viewed as chief executive officer, including the roles of professional adviser to the board , leader of reforms, manager of resources and communicator to the public. The term "educational leadership" is also used to describe programs beyond schools. Leaders in community colleges, proprietary colleges, community-based programs, and universities are also educational leaders . Some United States university graduate master's and doctoral programs are organized with higher education and adult education programs as

1122-425: The ways in which AI can be employed in educational leadership. The integration of AI in educational leadership has the potential to significantly impact organizational performance. Head teacher A headmaster / headmistress , head teacher , head , school administrator , principal or school director (sometimes another title is used) is the staff member of a school with the greatest responsibility for

1156-413: Was the university's first and so far only national team title. In 1955, the college administration elected to discontinue football as a sport at the university. A task force was formed in 2005 to study the feasibility of adding football, but the proposal was rejected in 2006 by a unanimous vote of the board of trustees. There is an on-campus cross country ski and running trail in the bluffs and valleys of

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