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73-566: The area of the governorate includes the southern slope of the main Caucasus range in the northeast, where Mount Bazardüzü and other peaks rise above the snow-line; the arid steppes beside the Kura river , reaching 1000 ft. of altitude in the west and sinking to 100–200 ft. in the east, where irrigation is necessary; and the northern slopes of the Transcaucasian escarpment and portions of

146-582: A central role in Azerbaijani art and more generally in the art and architecture of Azerbaijan. Under the name of Nukha, the city is the scene of much of the action in Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle . In the second half of the 19th century. Nukha was ranked second in terms of trade and industry development. New types of city and county schools were created. According to the Resolution of

219-700: A population of 68,400. The center of the city and the Palace of Shaki Khans were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019 because of their unique architecture and history as an important trading center along the Silk Road . According to the Azerbaijani historians, the name of the town goes back to the ethnonym of the Sakas , who reached the territory of modern-day Azerbaijan in

292-438: A year. Shaki possesses a small silk industry and relies on its agricultural sector, which produces tobacco, grapes, cattle, nuts , cereals and milk. The main production facilities of Shaki are the silk factory, gas-power plant, brick factory, wine factory, sausage factory, conserve factory, and a dairy plant with its integrated big scale Pedigree Dairy Farm. In 2010, Shaki was visited by 15,000 foreign tourists from all around

365-746: Is 12 °C. In June and August, the average temperature varies between 20 and 25 °C. The mountain forests around the area prevent the city from floods and overheating of the area during summer. The main rivers of the city are the Kish and Gurjhana . During the Soviet rule of Azerbaijan, many ascended to Shaki to bathe in its prestigious mineral springs . Shaki's climate is humid temperate , classified as Cfa in Köppen climate classification and Do in Trewartha climate classification . According to

438-655: Is 15 °C (59 °F) while on the slopes of Mt. Kazbek at an elevation of 3,700 metres (12,100 ft), average annual temperature falls to −6.1 °C (21.0 °F). The northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range are 3 °C (5.4 °F) colder than the southern slopes. The highlands of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Georgia are marked by sharp temperature contrasts between

511-536: Is 250 mm (9.84 in) in the northeastern Caspian Depression . Western parts of the Caucasus Mountains are marked by high amounts of precipitation. The southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range receive higher amounts of precipitation than the northern slopes. Annual precipitation in the Western Caucasus ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 mm (39.37–157.48  in ) while in

584-400: Is 72 people per 1 square kilometer. Of the total population, 86.4 thousand or 49.6% of men, 87.7 thousand or 50.4% are women. 38.4 percent of the population lives in the city and 61.6 percent lives in the village. A home to ancient Caucasian Albanian churches, religion is highly important to the people of Shaki due to its historical religious diversity. There are many churches and mosques in

657-747: Is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Stretching between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea , they are surrounded by the Caucasus region and are home to Mount Elbrus , the highest peak in Europe at 5,642 metres (18,510 ft) above sea level. The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus in the north and the Lesser Caucasus in the south. The Greater Caucasus runs west-northwest to east-southeast, from

730-829: Is a part of the Lesser Caucasus system. In the southeast, the Aras River separates the Lesser Caucasus from the Talysh Mountains which runs through the Greater Azerbaijan region. The Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highland constitute the Transcaucasian Highland, which at their western end converges with the highland plateau of Eastern Anatolia . The Caucasus Mountains were part of the Silk Road . Geologically,

803-672: Is in Europe. The crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains is usually taken to define the Greater Caucasus Watershed which marks the continental boundary between Asia and Europe for the region between the Black and Caspian seas. This classification would place Mount Elbrus at the junction with Asia. The table below lists some of the highest peaks of the Caucasus. With the exception of Shkhara ,

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876-408: Is the snowiest place in the Caucasus, often records snow depths of 7 m (23 ft). The Caucasus Mountains have a varied landscape which changes according to elevation and distance from large bodies of water. The region contains biomes ranging from subtropical lowland marshes and forests to glaciers (Western and Central Caucasus), and highland semideserts , steppes , and alpine meadows in

949-661: The Arab caliphate was weak, Shaki joined with Cambysene and was ruled by the Armenian Smbatean princes as part of the independent principality of Shaki or Hereti , a vassal of the Armenian Bagratid kingdom . The population was mostly of Armenian origin and Armenian -speaking. The first Armenian prince of Shaki was Sahl Smbatean , who ruled with relative autonomy from the Abbasid Caliphate. By

1022-517: The Armenian Highlands , which is intersected towards its western boundary, near Lake Sevan , by chains of mountains consisting of trachytes and various crystalline rocks. Elsewhere the country has the character of a plateau , 7,000 to 8,000 ft. high, deeply trenched by tributaries of the Aras . All varieties of climate are found in the snowclad peaks, Alpine meadows, and stony deserts of

1095-987: The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are formed predominantly of the Paleogene rocks with a much smaller portion of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks. The evolution of the Caucasus began from the Late Triassic to the Late Jurassic during the Cimmerian orogeny at the active margin of the Tethys Ocean while the uplift of the Greater Caucasus is dated to the Miocene during the Alpine orogeny . The Caucasus Mountains formed largely as

1168-503: The Meskheti Range , varies from 300-800 mm (31.50 in) annually. The Caucasus Mountains are known for the high amount of snowfall, although many regions which are not located along the windward slopes do not receive nearly as much snow. This is especially true for the Lesser Caucasus Mountains which are somewhat isolated from the moist influences coming in from the Black Sea and receive considerably less precipitation (in

1241-575: The Mongol invasion . In the 13th and 14th centuries, the territory of the present Shaki district was a part of the state of Shirvanshahs . Management of Shaki was entrusted to the son of Rashid al-Din Hamadani – Jalat In the 30s of the 14th century, the local Oirat tribe took power. After the collapse of the Hulagu Khan's rule in the first half of the 14th century, Shaki gained independence under

1314-601: The Orthodox Christians constituted 0.21% of the Governorate's population, and various sektanty ("sectarians") around 1% (~7,300 people). This means that most of the ethnic Russians in the governorate at the time (1.11% of the Governorate's 728,943 population in 1886) were members of various sectarian communities such as Doukhobors and Molokans . According to the Russian Empire Census ,

1387-479: The Ossetian Military Road at 2911 m, and Roki Tunnel at 2310 m. Nukha Shaki ( Azerbaijani : Şəki , Azerbaijani pronunciation: [ʃæ'ki] ) is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan , surrounded by the district of the same name . It is located in the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, 240 km (150 mi) from Baku . As of 2020, it has

1460-580: The Ottomans between 1578 and 1603 and 1724–1735. In 1734-1735, there was a revolt of poor people against the policy of Nadir Shah in the village of Bilecik (Shaki) In 1741, there was another uprising against the local ruler, Melik Najaf. Appointed by Nadir Shah, Haji Chelebi , who claimed descent from the hereditary Muslim-Armenian rulers of the province, announced the formation of an independent Sheki khanate in 1743. Upon learning of this, Nadir Shah Afshar sent his army to Shaki. Haji Chelebi took refuge in

1533-728: The Silk Route . Tusheti shepherds of Georgia have been herding livestock to seasonal grazing grounds, a practice known as transhumance for over 10,000 years. There was one pass on the southeast end in Derbent (known as the Caspian Gates or Gates of Alexander ), and multiple passes throughout the range: Jvari Pass at 2379 m and above the Darial Gorge on the Georgian Military Road , Mamison Pass on

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1606-665: The Spitak earthquake in December 1988 which destroyed the Gyumri - Vanadzor region of Armenia. Mount Elbrus , at 5,642 m (18,510 ft), in the Caucasus Mountains, is sometimes cited as the highest peak in Europe. Mount Elbrus is 832 m (2,730 ft) higher than Mont Blanc , the highest peak in the Alps and Western Europe at 4,810 m (15,780 ft). However, there are some technical disagreements over whether Mount Elbrus

1679-956: The Western Caucasus on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea to close to Baku on the Caspian Sea, in Azerbaijan . The Lesser Caucasus runs parallel to the Greater about 100 km (62 mi) south. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are connected by the Likhi Range , and to the west and east of the Likhi Range lie the Colchis Plain and the Kur-Araz Lowland respectively. The Meskheti Range

1752-812: The 10th century, the Arab geographer, Ibn Haukal mentions that Shaki was ruled by the Armenian prince Prince Ishkhanik. From 1038 to 1105, the Armenian Kiurikian dynasty ruled Shaki as part of the Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti . In 1117, the region was captured by the army of the Georgian king David IV . The city was also ruled by the Atabegs of Azerbaijan and the Khwarazmian Empire , before

1825-473: The 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar , Shaki, then known as Nukha, had a population of 52,243 in 1916, including 33,813 Sunni Muslims (64.7%), 9,588 Shia Muslims (18.4%), and 8,009 Armenians (15.3%). The number of Shaki population is 174.1 thousand people. Including, the rural population is 105.7 thousand people, while the urban population is 66.9 thousand people. Population density

1898-495: The 7th century B.C. and populated it for several centuries. In the medieval sources, the name of the town is found in various forms such as Sheke, Sheki, Shaka, Shakki, Shakne, Shaken, Shakkan, Shekin. The city was known as Nukha ( Azerbaijani : Nuxa ; Russian : Нуха ) until 1968. There are traces of large-scale settlements in Shaki dating back to more than 2700 years ago. The Sakas were an Iranian people that wandered from

1971-508: The Caucasus Mountains belong to the Alpide belt system that extends from southeastern Europe into Asia and is considered a border between the two continents. The Greater Caucasus Mountains are mainly composed of Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks with the Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks in the higher regions. Some volcanic formations are found throughout the range. On the other hand,

2044-617: The Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijani SSR No. 97 of March 6, 1968, the "Yukhary Bash" area in Nukha was declared an architectural reserve. In 1975, the construction of the drama theater building was completed in Shaki. In 1983, the Shaki craft Museum opened. Architecture in Shaki has largely been shaped by Shaki's history. It goes back to a time, when it was a market center on the Silk Road , linking Dagestan , Russia to

2117-723: The Eastern and Northern Caucasus ( Chechnya business , Ingushetia , Kabardino-Balkaria , Ossetia , Kakheti , Kartli , etc.) precipitation ranges from 600 to 1,800 mm (23.62–70.87  in ). The absolute maximum annual precipitation is 4,100 mm (161.42 in) around the Mt. Mtirala area which lies on the Meskheti Range in Ajaria . The precipitation of the Lesser Caucasus Mountain Range (Southern Georgia , Armenia , western Azerbaijan ), not including

2190-481: The Elizavetpol Governorate had a population of 1,275,131 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 676,377 men and 598,754 women, 1,213,626 of whom were the permanent population, and 61,505 were temporary residents. 40°40′58″N 46°21′38″E  /  40.6828°N 46.3606°E  / 40.6828; 46.3606 Caucasus Mountains The Caucasus Mountains

2263-478: The Elizavetpol Governorate had a population of 878,415 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 34,776 men and 22,702 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar to be their mother tongue, with a significant Armenian speaking minority. Linguistic composition of uezds in the Tiflis Governorate in 1897 According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar ,

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2336-411: The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are largely covered by grasslands and steppes up to an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). The highest areas of the region too contains alpine grasslands. Volcanic and other rock formations are common throughout the region. The volcanic zone extends over a large area from southern Georgia into Armenia and southwestern Azerbaijan . Some of the prominent peaks of

2409-516: The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are largely of volcanic origin. The Javakheti Volcanic Plateau in Georgia and the surrounding volcanic ranges which extend well into central Armenia are some of the youngest features of the region. Only recently was the Caucasus a scene for intense volcanic activity: the Armenian highland was flooded by calc-alkaline basalts and andesites in the Pliocene and

2482-596: The Russian Empire to separate the highland areas (commonly known as Mountainous Karabakh ) from the rest of Elizavetpol into a zemstvo (self-governing rural community) province. On the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in May 1918, the Elizavetpol Governorate was renamed Ganja Governorate to de-Russify the region. The neighboring Democratic Republic of Armenia claimed

2555-414: The Western part of the Shamakhi khanate was annexed to the Shaki khanate. In 1785, the Shaki khanate became dependent on the Guba khanate. However, this did not last long: after the death of Fatali khan of Guba, the Shaki khanate regained its independence. During the reign of Selim khan, the territory of the khanate was conditionally divided into 8 magals, which were ruled by naibs directly appointed by

2628-434: The administrative, judicial, and agrarian reforms of the 1840s. In 1917, Soviets of Workers' deputies were formed in a number of cities of Azerbaijan, including Shaki. In May 1920, Soviet power was established in Shaki, as well as in other cities of Azerbaijan. In 1930, an uprising against the policy of collectivization in the Azerbaijan SSR broke out in the village of Bash Goynyuk in the Shaki district. The Soviet regime

2701-416: The area, but the town continued to be governed by its hereditary rulers, under Safavid suzerainty. Ismail's son and successor Shah Tahmasp (r. 1524–1576) put an end to this, and in 1551, he appointed the first Qizilbash governor to rule the town. The territory was annexed to the Safavid dynasty as the independent Sheki beylerbey reigned by Toygun-bey Qajar. Safavid rule was twice briefly interrupted by

2774-448: The best-known aspect of Shaki cooking is its rich sweet dishes. Shaki is traditionally held as the home of special type of baklava , called Shaki Halva . Others include nabat boiled sugar and sweet pesheveng. Shaki also has some famous dishes, including girmabadam, zilviya, piti , a stew created with meat and potatoes and prepared in a terracotta pot. The city of Shaki has developed its own dialect of Azerbaijani language , which

2847-447: The city. Some churches such as the Church of Kish in the vicinity of Shaki are thought to be approximately 1,500 years old. The Khan's Mosque , Omar Efendi Mosque and Gileili Minaret are considered important places of worship in the city. During 1850–70, Shaki became international silk production centre. More than 200 European companies opened offices in the city, while silkworms to the tune of 3 million roubles were sold to them in

2920-446: The entirety of the western highland sections of the governorate which as a whole formed a small Armenian majority, however, Armenian control did not exceed the western parts of Zangezur, Kazakh and Karabakh. In 1919, the entirety of Karabakh south of the Murov Range with British support was separated into the Karabakh General Governorship , following the subjugation of the Karabakh Armenian Council . The governorate provincial system

2993-624: The forest at around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level. The permafrost / glacier line generally starts around 2,800–3,000 metres (9,200–9,800 ft). The southeastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains are covered by beech , oak , maple , hornbeam , and ash forests. Beech forests tend to dominate in higher locations. The south-western slopes of the Greater Caucasus are covered by Colchian forests ( oak , buxus , beech , chestnut , hornbeam , elm ) at lower elevations with coniferous and mixed forests ( spruce , fir and beech ) taking over at higher elevations. The alpine zone on

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3066-456: The form of snow) than the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The average winter snow cover of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains ranges from 10 to 30 cm (3.94–11.81  in ). The Greater Caucasus Mountains (especially the southwestern slopes) are marked by heavy snowfall. Avalanches are common from November to April. Snow cover in several regions ( Svaneti and northern Abkhazia ) may reach 5 metres (16 ft). The Mt. Achishkho region, which

3139-592: The fortress is entered by two main gates from the north and south. At the height of the khanate, the fortress contained a gated palatial complex and public and commercial structures of the city, while the residential quarter was situated outside its walls. It was restored extensively between 1958 and 1963. Many years Shaki fortress safeguarded approaches to the city, the acts of bravery by its defendants of fight with foreign oppressors had been written in many history books. In Leo Tolstoy 's well-known Hadji Murat novel, Shaki fortress had selected as place of events. Perhaps

3212-418: The fortress of Gelesen-Geresen. In 1746, Haji Celebi was forced to recognize the authority of Nadir Shah. However, new uprisings and the death of Nadir Shah allowed Haji Chelebi to re-declare himself Khan During the existence of Shaki khanate, the local population of the city was engaged in silkworm breeding , craft and trade. As a result of a flood in the river Kish, the city of Shaki was partially ruined and

3285-506: The heights are taken from Soviet 1:50,000 mapping. The list includes the ten ultras (mountains of more than 1,500 m prominence) and all mountains over 4,500 m height with 300 m prominence . Mount Ağrı (5,137 m) in Turkey is just south of the Lesser Caucasus. The climate of the Caucasus varies both vertically (according to elevation) and horizontally (by latitude and location). Temperature generally decreases as elevation rises. Average annual temperature in Sukhumi , Abkhazia at sea level

3358-417: The high levels, to that of the hill slopes and of the arid Caspian steppes. Elizavetpol Governorate was created by the decree "On the transformation of the administration of the Caucasian and Transcaucasian region" dated December 9, 1867. The province included the Elizavetpol uezd of the Tiflis Governorate , the Nukha and Shusha uezds of the Baku Governorate and part of the abolished Ordubad uezd. By

3431-515: The highest summits of the Caucasus, the Elbrus , and the Kazbek , formed as Pleistocene - Pliocene volcanoes. The Kazbek is no longer active, but the Elbrus erupted in postglacial times and fumarole activity is registered near its summit. Contemporary seismic activity is a prominent feature of the region, reflecting active faulting and crustal shortening. Clusters of seismicity occur in Dagestan and in northern Armenia . Many devastating earthquakes have been documented in historical times, including

3504-449: The initiative of Heraclius II, a political conspiracy of the Kakheti Kingdom, the Karabakh, Ganja, Irevan, Nakhichevan, and Karadag khanates against the Shaki khan was arranged. In 1752, in the area of Kyzylgaya, Georgian troops unexpectedly attacked the khans: they were captured. Haji Celebi himself defeated the Georgians in the battle near Ganja and came to the aid of the khans. The army of Shaki khan captured Gazakh and Borchali. In 1767,

3577-411: The khan himself. On May 21, 1805, the treaty of Kyurekchay was signed between Russia and the Shaki khanate, the main condition of which was the annexation of the Shaki khanate to Russia. In 1806, the Russian army moved to Shaki. Selim khan was removed from positions of power. A temporary Board of Pro-Russian beks was created. The area was fully annexed by Russia by the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813 and

3650-409: The khanate was abolished in 1819 and the Shaki province was established in its place. Shaki province was merged with provinces of Shemakha, Baku, Susha, Lankaran, Derbent and Kuban in 1840 and Caspian Oblast was created. At the same time Shaki was renamed as Nuha. The oblast was dissolved in 1846 and it was raion center of Shemakha Governorate . After the earthquake in Shemakha in 1859, the governorate

3723-408: The north side of the Black Sea through Derbend passage and to the South Caucasus and from there to Asia Minor in the 7th century B.C. They occupied a good deal of the fertile lands in South Caucasus in an area called Sakasena. The city of Shaki was one of the areas occupied by the Sakas. The original settlement dates back to the late Bronze Age . Shaki was founded in the 8th century B.C. Shaki

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3796-458: The northern trade routes through the Caucasus. The city's central and main open city squares are dominated by two Soviet towers. Many public places and private houses in Shaki are decorated with shebeke, a wooden lattice of pieces of coloured glass, held together without glue or a single nail. The technique is complex and known only to a few artisans who pass their meticulous craft from generation to generation. The Palace of Shaki Khans which

3869-431: The population was resettled in the present day city. In alliance with the Shamakhi Khan, in 1748 Haji Chelebi attempted to besiege the Bayat fortress. The defeat in the battle of Bayat, which lasted for a month, had been a serious setback for allies. The Jaro-Balakan Jamaat, Qabala and Ares sultanates were dependent on the Shaki khanate In 1751, Haji Chelebi defeated the army of the Kakheti king Heraclius II . At

3942-464: The present-day, the territory of the former Elizavetpol Governorate forms the bulk of western Azerbaijan and adjacent areas of northeastern and southeastern Armenia . The counties ( uezds ) of the Elizavetpol Governorate in 1917 were as follows: The 1886 population estimate was 728,943, living in 3 cities (Elizavetpol, Nukha , and Shusha ) and 1521 villages. According to 1886 statistics reported in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary ,

4015-409: The region include Mt. Aragats , Didi Abuli , Samsari , and others. The area is characterized by volcanic plateaus , lava flows , volcanic lakes , volcanic cones and other features. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains lack the type of glaciers and glacial features that are common on the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. Crossing the Caucasus Mountain range was an important section of the northern arm of

4088-423: The result of a tectonic plate collision between the Arabian plate moving northwards with respect to the Eurasian plate . As the Tethys Sea was closed and the Arabian plate collided with the Iranian plate and was pushed against it, and with the clockwise movement of the Eurasian plate towards the Iranian plate and their final collision, the Iranian plate was pressed against the Eurasian plate. As this happened,

4161-413: The rocks that had been deposited in this basin from the Jurassic to the Miocene were folded to form the Greater Caucasus Mountains. This collision also caused the uplift and the Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. The entire region is regularly subjected to strong earthquakes from this activity. While the Greater Caucasus Mountains have a mainly folded sedimentary structure,

4234-465: The rule of Sidi Ahmed Orlat. In 1392, Emir Timur captured Shaki, and the ruler of Shaki, Seyid Ali, was killed. Seyid Ali's son, Seyid Ahmed, who came to power, along with Shirvanshah Ibrahim I Derbendi, accompanied Timur on his third campaign against Azerbaijan in 1399. In 1444, Shaki, then known as Nukhi, was ruled by a Muslim family of Armenian origin whose reign lasted till 1551. In the early 1500s, Safavid king Ismail I (r. 1501–1524) conquered

4307-465: The same decree, the Kazakh and Zangezur uezds were formed as part of the province. In 1873, three new uezds were formed in the Governorate - Aresh , Jebrail and Jevanshir . The governorate included lands of the former Ganja Khanate , Shaki Khanate , and Karabakh Khanate . It bordered with Baku Governorate , Tiflis Governorate , Erivan Governorate , Dagestan Oblast , and Persia . From 1905, there were attempts by Armenian intelligentsia of

4380-493: The south (mainly in Armenia and Azerbaijan ). The northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains are covered by oak , hornbeam , maple , and ash forests at lower elevations while birch and pine forests take over at higher elevations. Some of the lowest areas of the region are covered by steppes and grasslands . The slopes of the North-western Greater Caucasus ( Kabardino-Balkaria , Cherkessia , etc.) also contain spruce and fir forests. The alpine zone replaces

4453-491: The southern slopes may extend up to 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) above sea level while the glacier /snow line starts at 3,000–3,500 metres (9,800–11,500 ft). The northern and western slopes of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are characterized both by Colchian and other deciduous forests at lower elevations while mixed and coniferous forests (mainly spruce and fir ) dominate at higher elevations. Beech forests are also common at higher elevations. The southern slopes of

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4526-414: The summer and winter months due to a more continental climate. Precipitation increases from east to west in most areas. Elevation plays an important role in the Caucasus and mountains generally receive higher amounts of precipitation than low-lying areas. The north-eastern regions ( Dagestan ) and the southern portions of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are the driest. The absolute minimum annual precipitation

4599-417: The town saw devastation many times and because of that, the oldest historic and architectural monuments currently preserved are dated to only the 16th–19th centuries. For many centuries, Shaki had a large Armenian community and has been famous for being the center of silkworm-breeding and local silk production. Originally located on the left bank of the river Kish, the town sat lower down the hill, however Shaki

4672-405: The village of Boyuk-Dakhna in the Shaki region, various ceramic products and a stone tombstone dating back to the 2nd century AD and containing inscriptions in Greek were discovered. Shaki was one of the important political and economic cities before the Arab invasion. But as a result of the invasion in 654, Shaki was annexed to the third emirate of Arminiya . At the turn of the 9th century, when

4745-420: The world. Shaki has one of the greatest density of cultural resources and monuments that include 2700 years of Azerbaijani history. The city boasts a lot of houses with red roofs. In pop culture, probably the most famous feature of Shakinians are their nice sense of humor and comic tales. Shaki's comic tales hero Hacı dayı (Uncle Haji) is the subject of nearly all jokes in the area. Shaki has always played

4818-399: Was a summer residence of Shaki Khans , still remains one of the most visible landmarks of Shaki. Constructed in 1762 without a single nail is one of the most marvelous monuments of its epoch. Displayed within the palace are Azerbaijani Khanate-era artifacts, as well as displays of the art scene, considered to be among the finest in the world. Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan's Palace

4891-431: Was abolished in the early 1920s after the Sovietization of Azerbaijan . In early 1921—after the Sovietization of Armenia —a Dashnak Armenian revolt that spawned in Yerevan spread to the Zangezur uezd, becoming known as the Republic of Mountainous Armenia . The rebels led by Garegin Nzhdeh finally departed Zangezur in the summer of 1921 after receiving guarantees the district would remain part of Soviet Armenia . In

4964-557: Was abolished. Soon, Red Army units moved into the city. The rebels were subject to execution. A letter from the Chairman of the Kyoto City Council, Daisaku Kadokawa , on 8 December 2008, said that Sheki was a member of the World Historical Cities League. Sheki became a member after the meeting of the Board of the World Cities League in October 2008. Works to be done in the field of renovation and construction in 2012 were identified: Together with Sheki City Executive Authority and Architectural Urbanization Committee, Shaki City General Plan

5037-425: Was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List during the 43rd session of the World Heritage Committee held in July 2019. The Shaki Castle which was built by the founder of the Shaki Khanate Haji Chelebi Khan (1743–1755), near the village of Nukha on the southern foothills of the Caucasus . The fortress walls are close to a thousand and two hundred meters long and over two meters thick. Protected by numerous bastions,

5110-455: Was moved to its present location after a devastating flood in 1772 and became the capital of Shaki Khanate . As the new location was near the village of Nukha, the city also became known as Nukha, until 1968 when it reverted to the name Shaki. In 1829, the Khanabad factory was opened in Shaki. The products of the Nukha silk-winding factory, which opened in 1861, were awarded a medal in London in 1862. The Shaki uprising of 1838 had an impact on

5183-410: Was one of the biggest cities of the Caucasian Albanian states in the 1st century. The kingdom of Shaki was divided into 11 administrative provinces. The main temple of the ancient Albanians was located there. The Albanians adopted Christianity early from the Armenians , and Armenian cultural and religious influence became strong in Shaki. As a result of archaeological excavations conducted in 1902 in

5256-542: Was prepared. According to the General Plan, it was planned to implement a number of infrastructure projects, as well as the expansion of the city to the west, inclusion of city of Oxud , İncə, Shaki , Kish , and Qoxmuq villages to Shaki. Shaki is surrounded by snowy peaks of the Greater Caucasus , which in some places reaches 3000–3600 m. Shaki's climate includes a range of cyclones and anticyclones, air masses and local winds. The average annual temperature in Shaki

5329-458: Was renamed as Baku Governorate . On 19 February 1868, raion of Nukha was passed to the newly created Elizavetpol Governorate as the Nukha uezd . After founding of USSR, it was the center of Nukha raion. Its one was abolished on 4 January 1963 and was bounded to one of Vartashen . Nukha one was founded again in 1965 and finally, city and raion regained traditional name in 1968. During its history,

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