An oxgang or bovate ( Old English : oxangang ; Danish : oxgang ; Scottish Gaelic : damh-imir ; Medieval Latin : bovāta ) is an old land measurement formerly used in Scotland and England as early as the 16th century sometimes referred to as an oxgait. It averaged around 20 English acres , but was based on land fertility and cultivation, and so could be as low as 15.
19-643: Eppleton Colliery Welfare Ground (often shortened to Eppleton CW ) is a football ground located in Hetton-le-Hole in the City of Sunderland , Tyne and Wear . It was created as part of the miners' welfare in order to provide recreational facilities to the coal miners at the Eppleton Colliery. It featured facilities for both cricket and Association football . It became the home ground of Eppleton CWFC in 1929. The team folded in 2005. The ground
38-576: A Bob Dylan classic failed to chart , but the project made a slight profit as local support from other mining communities ensured that 'Knocking on Hetton's Floor' sold more than 1000 copies. Hetton Colliery closed in 1950, Elemore Colliery closed in 1974 and Eppleton Colliery closed in 1986. Today, nothing exists of the mines in Hetton; the former mine complexes have disappeared and spoil tips have been removed, although some remain in nearby Haswell. The area surrounding Hetton Colliery has been landscaped and
57-631: A southern suburb of Edinburgh , and in Oxgang , an area of the town of Kirkintilloch . In England, the oxgang was a unit typically used in the area conquered by the Vikings which became the Danelaw , for example in the Domesday Book , where it is found as a bovata , or 'bovate'. The oxgang represented the amount of land which could be ploughed using one ox in a single annual season. As land
76-465: A thousand years. The name of Hetton-le-Hole derives from two Anglo-Saxon words which were spelt together "Heppedune", meaning Bramble Hill. The name was adopted by a local landowning family, the le Hepdons, who owned part of the Manor. The ancient manor, which was bounded by that of Elemore, was divided into two parts known as Hetton-on-the-Hill and Hetton-in-the-Hole. The latter, a more sheltered vicinity,
95-485: Is a separate parish), Low Moorsley and High Moorsley . Great Eppleton Wind Farm , a wind farm originally of four dual-bladed alternators , provides electricity to the National Grid . The original wind turbines have been replaced by larger three-bladed versions. The turbines are far enough away from local houses not to cause any audible disturbance. The history of the Hetton area can be traced back for up to
114-599: Is in the historic county of Durham . A182 runs through the town, between Houghton-le-Spring and Easington Lane (the latter borders the County Durham District ), off the A690 and close to the A1(M) . The parish, which includes the villages of Easington Lane and Warden Law , had a population of 14,402 in 2001 . The parish also includes Hetton proper, along with East Rainton , Middle Rainton ( West Rainton
133-694: Is now occupied by a lake and leisure facilities. Eppleton Colliery has been landscaped, and all that remains is the Hetton Centre (the former Colliery Welfare building) and the Eppleton Colliery Welfare Ground which hosts the home games of Sunderland A.F.C. Women and Sunderland U23s . There is also a quarry where sand is mined. This is now undergoing a reformation; around 15% of it has been smoothed and grassed over. The decommissioned St Nicholas' Church in Front Street
152-630: The Stadium of Light . It is also the home ground of Sunderland A.F.C. Ladies , who moved back to Eppleton CW in 2018 after spending one year at Mariners Park in South Shields F.C. Eppleton CW is the home of County Durham FA U18s teams, and is also the neutral venue for the final of the Durham Challenge Cup which has been contested since 1884. The final traditionally takes place every Good Friday . Hetton Burn runs alongside
171-513: The Hetton Downs area of the town were re-erected stone by stone at Beamish Open Air Museum , Stanley , near Chester-le-Street . The UK miners' strike (1984–1985) brought about hardship for many of the workers. Two local unsigned bands (The Pigeon Fanciers and Haswell Crisis) recorded and released a single to raise money for the families and to recognise the contribution made by miners over the years in their locality. Their adapted version of
190-748: The West side of the ground. Behind the goal on the North side, is the Hetton Centre, a community centre , evolved from the original miners' welfare building, operated by the Hetton Town Trust. The centre contains the Bob Paisley Bar, named after the former Liverpool F.C. manager who was born in Hetton-le-Hole. Hetton-le-Hole Hetton-le-Hole is a town and civil parish in the City of Sunderland , Tyne and Wear , England. It
209-473: The manor for the King; other de Hepdons were his descendants. By 1896, Hetton-le-Hole was a mining village in its own right; the district parish of Eppleton had been formed from Hetton-le-Hole which, by then, included that part of Hetton-le-Hole known as the "Downs". The village "comprised an area of 512 acres, with a population of 5,000". Coal has been mined in the surrounding area since Roman times. Coal
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#1732790370973228-666: The parish of "Hetton le Hole" had a population of 17,665. Oxgang An oxgang is also known as a bovate , from bovāta , a Medieval Latinisation of the word, derived from the Latin bōs , meaning "ox, bullock or cow". Oxen, through the Scottish Gaelic word damh or dabh , also provided the root of the land measurement ' daugh '. Skene in Celtic Scotland says: In Scotland, oxgang occurs in Oxgangs ,
247-483: The wagonway to Hetton when they saw some wagons approaching on the line on which they were walking. They moved to the adjacent line but had not seen wagons approaching from the other direction. John Hewson was killed outright, John Branfoot died a few hours later. These activities led to a rapid increase in the size of Hetton and over 200 houses for the miners were built at once. These have all but gone now, but twelve of these former mining cottages from Francis Street in
266-458: Was destroyed by fire in November 2006. It is unknown if arson was the cause. It had previously been listed due to its architectural significance. Hetton le Hole became a civil parish in 1866, on 1 April 1937 the parish of "Hetton le Hole" was abolished and merged with East Rainton, Great Eppleton , Little Eppleton , Moorsley and Pittington to form a parish called simply "Hetton". In 1931
285-476: Was hired to build the 8 miles (13 km) line. The trains were powered by gravity down the inclines and by locomotives for its level and upward stretches. It was the first railway to use no animal power at all. These methods were used until 1959, as was some of the original machinery. This was the scene of one of the earliest fatalities on railway lines, the "Hetton Wagonway Disaster" of Saturday 26 February 1831. Two Primitive Methodist Ministers were walking along
304-483: Was normally ploughed by a team of eight oxen, an oxgang was thus one eighth the size of a ploughland or carucate . Although these areas were not fixed in size and varied from one village to another, an oxgang averaged 15 acres (6.1 ha), and a ploughland or carucate 100–120 acres (40–49 ha). However, in the rest of England a parallel system was used, from which the Danelaw system of carucates and bovates seen in
323-548: Was redeveloped in 1993 at a cost of £3m after Eppleton CWFC reached the Northern League Division One . The main stand was rebuilt, incorporating a cantilever roof and seating for 250. In 2007, Sunderland Reserves moved to Eppleton CW after leaving New Ferens Park in Durham . It continues to be the home ground of Sunderland U23s, though academy rules mean they must play at least four games per year at
342-561: Was then obtained by drift mining , but by the 14th century shafts were used. In 1819 the Hetton Coal Company was formed and its first shaft was sunk a year later. It was a highly controversial undertaking, with geologists doubtful as to whether coal of any value existed there. The Hetton Coal Company's owners also decided to build a wagonway from their new Hetton colliery to the River Wear at Sunderland . George Stephenson
361-446: Was where the village arose. Records exist of the many holders of the manor back to the 14th century. William de Hepdon held half the Manor by deed in 1363 and in 1380 William de Dalden held the other half. Even earlier charters go back to 1187 and mention the early village of Heppedune, its people, houses, crofts, oxgangs and strips of land for the villagers in the three great fields around the settlement. In 1187 Bertram de Heppedune held
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