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40-465: The development of the language started in the early 1980s, and was mainly carried out by a team of Ecole des Mines de Paris and INRIA led by Gérard Berry in France. Current compilers take Esterel programs and generate C code or hardware (RTL) implementations ( VHDL or Verilog ). The language is still under development, with several compilers out. The commercial development environment of Esterel

80-459: A chemist of repute, was a royalist who was able to influence Jacques Necker (1732–1804) of the value of mineralogy in training students in mining. This was achieved through the use of his own large collections of minerals, and a chair in mineralogy was established on July 11, 1778. The school of mines was begun at the mint, the Hôtel de la Monnaie , Paris. The school was officially opened by decree of

120-716: A constituent college of PSL Research University . It was originally established in 1783 by King Louis XVI . Mines Paris is distinguished for the outstanding performance of its research centers and the quality of its international partnerships with other prestigious universities in the world, which include Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (Harvard SEAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University , University of Hong Kong , National University of Singapore (NUS), Novosibirsk State University , Pontifical Catholic University of Chile , and Tokyo Tech . Mines Paris also publishes

160-404: A signal. The value of a valued signal can be determined in any instant, even if the signal is absent. The default status of a signal is absent. Signals remain absent until they are explicitly set to present using the emit statement. Communication is instantaneous, that means that a signal emitted in a cycle is visible immediately. Note that one can communicate back and forth in the same cycle. Thus

200-621: A specific examination), or from the other great technical corps of the French state. Admission in third year is also open to one Ph.D graduate. National ranking (ranked as Mines Paris for its Master of Sciences in Engineering) International Rankings (Ranked as PSL University) A Student Union is elected every year after a one-week campaign, and is in charge of enhancing the contact between students and various sponsoring industries as well as organizing events for

240-571: A well-rounded education in a variety of subjects, ranging from the most technical (Mathematics, Physics) to economics, social sciences or even art in order to be able to tackle the managing or engineering-related issues they are to face. Exchange programs are possible during the third semester with prestigious universities around the world, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), University of Hong Kong , National University of Singapore (NUS), Tokyo Tech , Seoul National University ... Although

280-559: A world university ranking based on the number of alumni holding the post of CEO in one of the 500 largest companies in the world: the Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities . The school is a member of the ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology) alliance. A school of mining had been proposed by Henri Bertin in 1765 but it was the chemist Balthazar-Georges Sage who, though not

320-641: Is Esterel Studio. The company that commercialized it ( Synfora ) initiated a normalization process with the IEEE in April 2007 however the working group (P1778) dissolved March 2011. The reference manual is publicly available. A provisional version of Esterel has been implemented in Racket . The notion of time used in Esterel differs from that of non-synchronous languages in the following way: The notion of physical time

360-443: Is an erroneous program , since the writer "emit A" should run before the reader "present A", whereas this program requires "present A" to be performed first. Pure Esterel has eleven primitive statements. Esterel has several derived constructions: The full Esterel language also has statements for declaring and instantiating modules, for variables, for calling external procedures, and for valued signals. The following program emits

400-461: Is decided through a nationwide competitive examination. Every year, ten applications are also accepted from students around the world according to their academic achievements. Admission to the Corps of Mines is possible for French students at the end of the studies in École polytechnique, École normale supérieure, École des télécommunications de Paris and École des mines de Paris (these two later, after

440-586: Is replaced with the notion of order. Only the simultaneity and precedence of events are considered. This means that the physical time does not play any special role. This is called multiform notion of time. An Esterel program describes a totally ordered sequence of logical instants. At each instant, an arbitrary number of events occur (including 0). Event occurrences that happen at the same logical instant are considered simultaneous. Other events are ordered as their instances of occurrences. There are two types of statements: Those that take zero time (execute and terminate in

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480-720: Is separate from, but parallel and connected to the main framework of the French public university system . Similar to the Ivy League in the United States, Oxbridge in the UK, and C9 League in China, Grandes Écoles are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process. Alums go on to occupy elite positions within government, administration, and corporate firms in France. The initial aim of

520-913: The Conférence des Grandes Écoles (CGE) , as are the IMT engineering schools. Degrees from the IMT are accredited by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles and awarded by the Ministry of National Education (France) ( French : Le Ministère de L'éducation Nationale ). Mines Paris - PSL provides different educational paths: For students having studied in the Classe Préparatoire aux Grandes Ecoles (a two-year highly selective undergraduate program in Mathematics , Physics and Engineering , among others), admission to Civil Engineer of Mines

560-565: The 6th arrondissement in Paris' Jardin du Luxembourg ). From the 1960s onwards, it created research laboratories in Fontainebleau , Évry , and Sophia Antipolis ( Nice ). École des mines de Paris is a member of the Groupe des écoles des mines (GEM), a group of 8 Institut Mines-Telecom (IMT) engineering schools that are Grandes Écoles , a French institution of higher education that

600-656: The Meiji Restoration . To accomplish the quick catch-up to the West, the government expected this school to cultivate new modernized craftsmen and engineers. In 1890, it was renamed "Tokyo Technical School". In 1901, it changed name to "Tokyo Higher Technical School". In early days, the school was located in Kuramae, the eastern area of the Greater Tokyo Area, where many craftsmens' workshops had been since

640-645: The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Tokyo Tech has been ranked 2nd among the Japanese universities according to The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2021. Tokyo Tech has also ranked 3rd among the best Japanese universities according to QS World University Rankings 2021. Tokyo Tech has also been ranked 2nd (national) in 2011 in the field of Engineering "Entrance score ranking of Japanese universities-Department of Engineering" by Score-navi. In another ranking, Japanese prep school Kawaijuku ranked Tokyo Tech as

680-546: The Ōokayama Station . Other campuses are located in Suzukakedai and Tamachi . Tokyo Tech was organised into 6 schools, within which there are over 40 departments and research centres. Tokyo Tech enrolled 4,734 undergraduates and 1,464 graduate students for 2015–2016. Tokyo Institute of Technology was founded by the government of Japan as the Tokyo Vocational School on May 26, 1881, 14 years after

720-480: The 2nd best employment rate in 400 major companies, and the average graduate salary was the 9th best in Japan. École des Mines de Paris ranks Tokyo Tech as 92nd in the world in 2011 in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. Also, according to the article of The New York Times - Universities with the most employable students ranking 2012, Tokyo Tech ranked 14th place in

760-563: The 2nd place at the number of patents accepted (284) during 2009 among Japanese Universities. Alumni of Tokyo Tech enjoy their good success in Japanese industries. According to ( Truly Strong Universities -TSU ), the alumni's of Tokyo Tech has been acquiring the highest (1st) employment rate within Japan. According to the Weekly Economist 's 2010 rankings and the PRESIDENT 's article on 2006/10/16, graduates from Tokyo Tech have

800-538: The 4th best (overall), 2-3rd best in former semester and 1st in latter semester (Department of Engineering) university in Japan (2012). According to QS World University Rankings , Tokyo Tech was ranked 3rd in Japan and internationally ranked 20th in the field of Engineering and Technology, and 51st in Natural science in 2011. The university was ranked 31st worldwide according to Global University ranking and 57th in 2011 according to QS World University Rankings , It

840-589: The Bubble Economy of the 1980s, TIT kept providing Japan its leading engineers, researchers, and business persons. Since April 2004, it has been semi-privatized into the National University Incorporation of Tokyo Institute of Technology under a new law which applied to all national universities. Operating the world-class supercomputer Tsubame 2.0 , and making a breakthrough in high-temperature superconductivity , Tokyo Tech

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880-705: The French King's Counsel on March 19, 1783. The school disappeared at the beginning of the French Revolution but was re-established by decree of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794, the 13th Messidor Year II. It moved to Savoie , after a decree of the consuls the 23rd Pluviôse Year X (1802). After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, the school moved to the Hôtel de Vendôme (in

920-577: The IMT engineering schools are more expensive than public universities in France, Grandes Écoles typically have much smaller class sizes and student bodies, and many of their programs are taught in English. International internships, study abroad opportunities, and close ties with government and the corporate world are a hallmark of the Grandes Écoles . Many of the top ranked schools in Europe are members of

960-591: The Research Laboratory of Building Materials, the Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, the Precision and Intelligence Laboratory and the Research Laboratory of Ceramic Industry, and the School of Engineering was renamed the School of Science and Engineering. Throughout the post-war reconstruction of the 1950s, the high economic growth era of the 1960s, and the aggressive economic era marching to

1000-480: The Tokyo Tech's International Graduate Program, the programmes are targeted at international students of high academic potential who are not Japanese speakers. Lectures and seminars are given in English mainly by Tokyo Tech's faculty members. Programme starting dates are October or April. Public fundings for these courses are also available; those students who have academic excellence may apply for scholarships from

1040-519: The new education system was promulgated in 1949 with the National School Establishment Law , and Tokyo Institute of Technology was reorganized. Many three-year courses were turned into four-year courses with the start of the School of Engineering this year. The university started graduate programmes in engineering in 1953. In the following year, the six research laboratories were integrated and reorganised into four new labs:

1080-505: The number of international research collections was the largest in Japan. It provides around 7,000 registered electronic journals each year. The library was therefore recognised for the outstanding national and international importance and awarded 'Centre of foreign journals' by the government of Japan . Renewal construction of the library was completed in July 2011. Tokyo Tech runs intensive programmes for obtaining master degree or PhD. Named

1120-580: The old Shōgun's era. The buildings in Kuramae campus were destroyed by the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. In the following year, the Tokyo Higher Technical School moved from Kuramae to the present site in Ōokayama, a south suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. In 1929, the school became Tokyo University of Engineering, later renamed to Tokyo Institute of Technology around 1946, gaining a status of national university , which allowed

1160-411: The output O as soon as both inputs A and B have been received. Reset the behaviour whenever the input R is received. Ecole des Mines de Paris Mines Paris – PSL , officially École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (until May 2022 Mines ParisTech , also known as École des mines de Paris , ENSMP , Mines de Paris , les Mines , or Paris School of Mines ), is a French grande école and

1200-431: The same instant) and those that delay for a prescribed number of cycles. Signals are the only means of communication. There are valued and non-valued signals. They are further categorized as being input, output, or local signals. A signal has the property of being either present or absent in an instant. Valued signals also contain a value. Signals are broadcast across the program, and that means any process can read or write

1240-774: The students. Various other organizations are part of students' lives: the Students' Sport Committee (BDS), the Junior Enterprise (JUMP), the Arts' Office (BDA), Cahier Vert (social opening and tutoring), CAV (wine-tasting club), Catholic community, fanfare band, entrepreneur club (Mines Genius), humanitarian organizations (Heliotopia, Ceres, Zanbinou), photography club, and sailing club, among others. Academics & Scientists Business leaders Entrepreneurs Politicians Source: Tokyo Institute of Technology The Tokyo Institute of Technology ( 東京工業大学 )

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1280-470: The university to award degrees. The university had the Research Laboratory of Building Materials in 1934, and five years later, the Research Laboratory of Resources Utilisation and the Research Laboratory of Precision Machinery were constructed. The Research Laboratory of Ceramic Industry was made in 1943, and one year before World War Two ended, the Research Laboratory of Fuel Science and the Research Laboratory of Electronics were founded. After World War II ,

1320-615: The world). Weekly Diamond also reported that Tokyo Tech has the highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program . In the same article, it's also ranked 8th in terms of the quality of education by GP funds per student. In addition, according to the September 2012 survey by QS World University Rankings about the general standards in Engineering and Technology field, Tokyo Tech

1360-443: The École des mines de Paris, namely to train high-level mining engineers, evolved with time to adapt to the technological and structural transformations undergone by society. Mines Paris - PSL has now become one of the most prestigious French engineering schools with a broad variety of subjects. Its students are trained to have management positions, work in research and development departments, or as operations officers, etc. They receive

1400-691: Was a former prime minister . Tokyo Tech has three campuses, Ōokayama campus in Ōokayama Meguro as the main campus, Tamachi campus in Shibaura and Suzukakedai campus, located in Nagatsuta , Midori-ku in Yokohama . Tokyo Tech comprises 6 schools, a number of departments and Institute for Liberal Arts. The main library was the Tokyo Institute of Technology Library in Ookayama. It

1440-531: Was a major centre for supercomputing technology and condensed matter research in the world. In 2011, it celebrated the 130th anniversary of its founding. In 2014, it joined the edX consortium and formed the Online Education Development Office (OEDO) to create MOOCS, which are hosted on the edX website. In its 130 years, Tokyo Tech has provided scientific researchers, engineers and many social leaders, including Naoto Kan who

1480-627: Was a public university in Meguro , Tokyo , Japan . It merged with Tokyo Medical and Dental University to form the Institute of Science Tokyo on 1 October 2024. The Tokyo Institute of Technology was a Designated National University and a Top Type university of Top Global University Project designated by the Japanese government . Tokyo Tech's main campus was located at Ōokayama on the boundary of Meguro and Ota , with its main entrance facing

1520-590: Was also ranked 31st worldwide according to the Global University Ranking in 2009. Tokyo Tech was one of the top research institutions in natural sciences and technology in Japan. According to Thomson Reuters , its research excellence (Pure science only for this information) was especially distinctive in Materials Science (5th in Japan, 24th in the world), Physics (5th in Japan, 31st in the world), and Chemistry (5th in Japan, 22nd in

1560-419: Was placed 19th (world), 2nd (national). The Tsubame 2.0 , which was a large-scale supercomputer in Tokyo Tech, was ranked 5th of the world best-performed computer. 1st in the world as university's owned one, this supercomputer was used for simulation related to the complex systems such as the dynamics of planets or financial systems. As Tokyo Tech has been emphasizing on 'practical' research, Tokyo Tech got

1600-408: Was the home of Japan's largest science and technology library. The library was founded in 1882, and it lost nearly 28,000 books during the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. Moved to Ookayama in 1936, it has been the national science and technology library of Japan. 1,200 students and staff visit the library each day. It has 674,000 books and 2,500 journals, including 1,600 foreign academic journals;

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