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27-663: The six ENI targets were: The ENI, effective from 2014 to 2020, replaced the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument - known as the ENPI. This cooperation instrument continued to be managed by DG Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid , which turns decisions taken on a political level into actions on the ground. ENPI funding approved for the period 2007-2013 was €11.2 billion. The 16 ENI partner countries are: Algeria , Egypt , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Libya , Morocco , Palestine , Syria , Tunisia , in

54-598: A budget of €1,074.3 billion in 2018 prices to address the EU's long-term priorities. It goes together with the Next Generation EU recovery package ( NGEU ) of €750 billion in grants and loans over the period 2021–2024 to meet the unparalleled socio-economic challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic . An overall of 30% of the total expenditure from MFF and NGEU is to target climate-related spending. The MFF will incorporate

81-472: A budget of €22.7 billion. This represents about 30% of EU spending on development cooperation aid, with the remainder coming directly from the EU budget. The budget of the 10th EDF can be broken down as follows: The 11th EDF covers 2014 to 2020. This one-year extension compared to the 10th EDF allowed the end of the 11th EDF to coincide with the expiration of the Cotonou Agreement in 2020 and

108-458: A collective level of ODA of 0.7% of GNI by 2015 and an interim target of 0.56% by 2010, with differentiated intermediate targets for those EU Member States which had recently joined the Union. On 23 May 2011, EU ministers responsible for development cooperation gathered to take stock of progress made and concluded that additional efforts would be needed to close an estimated gap of €50 billion to reach

135-533: A whole. Until its incorporation into the EU's general budget in 2021, the EDF was funded outside the EU budget by the EU Member States on the basis of financial payments related to specific contribution shares, or "keys". The Member State contributions keys were subject to negotiation. The EDF was the only EU policy instrument financed through a specific key that was different from the EU budget key, reflecting

162-622: Is integrated into the 2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework of the EU. For the European Parliament , that makes a chance for a greater say in how these funds are distributed. Independent research by the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), a think tank based in Maastricht (The Netherlands), shows that the EU has ensured the effective translation into practice of two key policy commitments of

189-468: The 2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework . The European Commission's development strategy – Agenda for Change – puts ‘inclusive and sustainable growth for human development’ at its centre. Adopted in 2011, it adopted 2 reforms designed to make its development policy both more strategic and more targeted. The Agenda for Change made new policies and rules for budget support. The three main elements of this Agenda were: The 10th EDF from 2008 to 2013 has

216-533: The European Commission , also called the financial perspective , is a seven-year framework regulating its EU annual budget . It is laid down in a unanimously adopted Council Regulation with the consent of the European Parliament . The financial framework sets the maximum amount of spendings in the EU budget each year for broad policy areas ("headings") and fixes an overall annual ceiling on payment and commitment appropriations. The common budget of

243-539: The European Development Fund for the first time. As revenues for MFF and NGEU, the EU will establish new own resources by raising levies. Germany and the Frugal Four will benefit from increased national rebates of €53.2 billion. MFF and NGEU will cover seven areas providing the framework for the funding of 40 spending programs. This is topped-up by additional €12.5 billion agreed with

270-612: The Research and Technological Development Policy . However, France's demand to lower the VAT in catering was refused. The MFF for 2014 to 2020 set a ceiling for expenditure at 1% of European Gross National Income, a reduction from the prior framework. Per the European Council , €959.51 billion in commitments and €908.40 billion in payments for the given timeframe were allotted for expenditure. The EU's expenditure in this period

297-578: The 'Agenda for Change' – namely a more focused strategy for less developed countries (LDCs) and low-income countries (LICs), and the concentration of EU aid on a limited number of sectors and policy priorities. Their research found that the high degree of compliance was achieved "through top-level support and tight control from headquarters". While the principles of the 'Agenda for Change' appear to have been followed, ECDPM showed that in many countries initial programming proposals based on in-country consultations, managed by EU Delegations, were then superseded by

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324-597: The 2007 to 2013 perspective was fixed to 1.045% of the European GDP . UK Prime Minister Tony Blair accepted to review the British rebate , negotiated by Margaret Thatcher in 1984. French President Jacques Chirac declared that this increase in budget will permit Europe to "finance common policies" such as the Common Agricultural Policy – which represents about 44% of the EU's spending – or

351-556: The EU budget period. The EU is currently implementing its 11th European Development Fund for 2014 to 2020, with an aid budget of €30.5 billion for many of the ACP countries and Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs), covering both national and regional programmes. Effectively programming the European Development Fund (EDF) is a major political, policy and bureaucratic challenge, involving multiple stakeholders, namely

378-432: The EU's general budget as of the 2021–2027 multi-annual financial framework . Articles 131 and 136 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome provided for its creation with a view to granting technical and financial assistance to African countries that were still colonised at that time and with which certain countries had historical links. Usually lasting 6 years, each EDF lays out EU assistance to both individual countries and regions as

405-400: The EU's gross national income (approximately €4 billion) was intended to be used as last-resort instrument in reacting to unforeseen circumstances. Specific flexibility to tackle youth unemployment and strengthen research was giving an opportunity to spend an additional €2.543 billion on youth unemployment and research. In order to maintain the total annual ceilings and headings' allocation

432-747: The European Commission (EC), the European External Action Service (EEAS), 28 EU member states, the European Parliament, 74 governments from the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of states and domestic accountability actors. Understanding the magnitude of the 11th EDF programming challenge is critical for three reasons: The EDF has been superseded by the Global Europe instrument, which

459-724: The South, and Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia , Moldova , Ukraine in the East. With Russia , the EU has a separate Strategic Partnership. The EU Neighbourhood Info Centre was launched in January 2009 by the European Commission to make more known the relationship between the EU and its neighbours as part of the European Neighbourhood Policy . European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument The European Development Fund ( EDF )

486-509: The choices of EU headquarters in Brussels. Although the 11th EDF is closely aligned with national development plans, there is evidence that this top-down approach to programming has led to a significant erosion of key aid and development effectiveness principles , in particular country ownership. Multiannual Financial Framework#2021–2027 Financial Framework and recovery package The Multiannual Financial Framework ( MFF ) of

513-503: The comparative interests of individual Member States. There was a debate on whether to 'budgetise' the EDF. However, in the Communication A budget for Europe 2020 , the European Commission underlined that it was not appropriate at the time to propose that the EDF be integrated into the EU budget. The perceived advantages included: The perceived disadvantages were that: In 2005, the EU and its Member States agreed to achieve

540-553: The first year after its accession to the European Union. Below are the ‘special instruments’ used for the MFF of this period: Emergency aid reserve, with annual amount of €280 million, was used to deal with unpredictable events such as financing humanitarian aid, managing civilian crisis and conducting protection operations in non-EU countries. EU solidarity fund , with annual budgeted amount of not more than €500 million,

567-407: The same, the amount was fully balanced out within and/or between headings. The framework did receive a number of amendments and changes during its effective period following a midterm review. Particularly, the budget was shifted towards cushioning labor impacts resulting from the migration crisis straining the budget at the time. The European Union's MFF for the period 2021-2027 is equipped with

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594-475: The self-imposed collective EU target of 0.7% by 2015. By 2015, the EU had not reached 0.7% of GNI, though the commitment to this target was recently reaffirmed. The commitment held no deadline. Concord, the European confederation for relief and development, described the pledge as "vague and non-binding" and said 2020 should be the new deadline. The EDF has been incorporated into the EU's general budget as of

621-462: The spending limit of €58.70 billion. Mainly covered Union's activities on international level (humanitarian aid, development assistance). 5. Administration : with €61.63 billion limit on expenditure, which was decreased in amount of €2.5 billion in comparison with the previous MFF in order to consolidate public finances. 6. Compensations : ceiling in sum of €27 million was set to support Croatia in contributing less than gained benefits during

648-559: Was designed for the cases of major disasters in any of the member states or in countries negotiating with EU regarding accession. Flexibility instrument, with fixed annual amount of €471 million, was dedicated to clearly identified needs out of the scope of the MFF ceilings. European globalization adjustment fund , with mobilization up to €150 million annually, aiming to support workers, who became unemployed because of globalization, economic crisis, etc., in finding new opportunities of employment. Contingency margin equals to 0.03% of

675-506: Was in six categories or "headings" with respective ceilings for spending. 1. Smart and inclusive growth a. Competitiveness for growth and jobs: the ceiling for this program, supporting research and innovation, investment in trans-European networks and development of small and medium-sized enterprises, was €125.61 billion, which exceeded the previous ceiling for 37%. b. Economic, social and territorial cohesion: with ceiling in amount of €324.94 billion for this subheading. The main goal

702-566: Was reduction of asymmetric levels of development of the EU's regions and expansion of the support of the Union's cohesion policy. 2. Sustainable growth , natural resources : the ceiling equals to €372.93 billion. Aimed covering environmental action, the common fisheries policy and the common agricultural policy (CAP). 3. Security and citizenship : the set limit in amount of €15.67 billion. Asylum and migration related actions were financed, as well as initiatives connected with internal security and external borders. 4. Global Europe:

729-663: Was the main instrument for European Union (EU) aid for development cooperation in Africa, the Caribbean , and Pacific ( ACP Group ) countries and the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT). Funding was provided by voluntary donations by EU member states . Until 2020 the EDF was subject to its own financial rules and procedures, and was managed by the European Commission (EC) and the European Investment Bank . The EDF has been incorporated into

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