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22-647: The European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion , often shortened as ESPON , is a European funded programme under the objective of "European Territorial Cooperation" of the Cohesion Policy of the European Union. It is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund - Interreg . The mission of the programme is to support policy development in relation to the aim of territorial cohesion and

44-659: A budget of almost 7,8 billion euro (2006 prices), up from 4,9 billion euro in Interreg III (1999 prices). The A strand of Interreg IV covers 52 programmes, which use up to 74% of all resources (some 5,6 billion euros). Interreg IVb is divided into thirteen different Operational Programmes (OPs). Each OP is led by a Secretariat and covers a specific part of the EU territory. All Member States can participate in Interreg IVB, but only if an organisation or authority

66-419: A consortium of several firms; in previous programme periods, they were not eligible at all. Interreg is made up of three strands: Interreg A, Interreg B and Interreg C. They are described in more detail below. Cross-border cooperation between adjacent regions aims to develop cross-border social and economic centres through common development strategies. The term cross-border region is often used to refer to

88-555: A framework for exchanging experience between regional and local bodies in different countries. Strand C has an ERDF contribution of 445 million euros. The non-EU countries contribute fully their shares to these programs. The funding period 2014-2020 was centered around the Europe 2020 Strategy which was adopted by the EU in 2010. It was aimed at leading the EU towards an intelligent, sustainable and integrative economy characterized by high levels of employment and production as well as by

110-472: A harmonious development of the European territory. Firstly it provides comparable information, evidence, analyses and scenarios on territorial dynamics and secondly it reveals territorial capital and potentials for the development of regions and larger territories thus contributing to European competitiveness, territorial cooperation and a sustainable and balanced development. The current ESPON 2020 Programme

132-491: A marked social and territorial cohesion. For this period 2021-2027 a budget of nearly EUR 10 billion has been allocated to support around 100 Interreg programmes which operate across borders, both within and outside the EU, contributing to the implementation of the EU’s main cohesion policy priorities. Private firm The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by

154-792: A positive impact on the development on either side of the border but their design and, possibly, their implementation must be carried out on a common cross-border basis. Once the Operational Programmes have been approved by the European Commission , the implementation of the programmes is co-ordinated by steering committees , which consist of representatives of the authorities responsible for Cohesion Policy measures in each member state. These can be both central state agencies and regional agencies. Like almost all Cohesion Policy measures, Interreg projects require co-funding to be provided by Member States, regional authorities or

176-568: Is by far the largest strand in terms of budget and number of programmes. Transnational cooperation involving national, regional and local authorities aim to promote better integration within the Union through the formation of large groups of European regions. Strand B is the intermediate level, where generally non-contiguous regions from several different countries cooperate because they experience joint or comparable problems. There are 13 Interreg IVB programmes. Interregional cooperation aims to improve

198-463: Is carried through by 28 European Union Member States as well as Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway and Switzerland and the European Commission . This article about the European Union is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Interreg Interreg is a series of programmes to stimulate cooperation between regions in and out of the European Union (EU), funded by

220-479: Is designed to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion throughout Europe , by fostering the balanced development of the continent through cross-border, transnational and inter-regional cooperation. Special emphasis has been placed on integrating remote regions with those that share external borders with the candidate countries . Interreg was launched as Interreg I for the programming period 1989–1993 (budget EUR 1.1 billion), and continued as Interreg II for

242-708: Is located in the eligible area of one of the programmes (Annex 1). IVB has a total budget of 1,82 billion euro for the programme period 2007–2013. List of the Interreg IVb programmes: Strand C covers the interregional co-operation programme (INTERREG IVC) and 3 networking programmes (URBACT II, INTERACT II and ESPON). Each programme covers all 27 Member States of the EU. ESPON, the European Spatial Planning Observation Network , covers 31 states; Liechtenstein, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland are included as well. They provide

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264-642: The European Regional Development Fund . The first Interreg started in 1989. Interreg IV covered the period 2007–2013. Interreg V (2014–2020) covers all 27 EU member states, the EFTA countries ( Norway , Switzerland , Iceland , Liechtenstein ), six accession countries and 18 neighbouring countries. It has a budget of EUR 10.1 billion, which represents 2.8% of the total of the European Cohesion Policy budget. Since

286-487: The Structural Fund's mainstream programmes. The overall aim was to improve the effectiveness of regional development policies and instruments through large-scale information exchange and sharing of experience (networks) in a structured way. Priorities for action included research, technology development, enterprise , the information society , tourism, culture, and the environment . Interreg IV - 2007-2013 - has

308-410: The effectiveness of regional development policies and instruments through large-scale information exchange and sharing of experience (networks). This is financially the smallest strand of the three, but the programmes cover all EU Member States. Period 2000-2006 Priorities for action in strand IIIA were: Proposals for transnational cooperation under IIIB had to take account of: Within this context,

330-662: The motive to earn money, i.e. operate by capitalist standards. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group ) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are in the private sector. In free enterprise countries, such as the United States , the private sector is wider, and the state places fewer constraints on firms. In countries with more government authority, such as China ,

352-430: The non EU countries don't pay EU membership fee, they contribute directly to Interreg, not through ERDF. Interreg is designed to stimulate cooperation between member states of the European Union on different levels. One of its main targets is to diminish the influence of national borders in favor of equal economic , social and cultural development of the whole territory of the European Union. The Interreg goal

374-606: The priorities for action whereas follows: In the specific case of ultra-peripheral regions, transnational cooperation encourages the following initiatives: Interreg IIIC promoted interregional co-operation between regional and other public authorities across the entire EU territory and neighbouring countries. It allowed regions without joint borders to work together in common projects and develop networks of co-operation. Co-operation under Interreg IIIC gave access to experience of other actors involved in regional development policy and created synergies between "best practice" projects and

396-424: The project leaders themselves. The amount of co-funding required differs by region, ranging from 50% down to 0% in the poorest regions. The final beneficiaries of Interreg funds are usually public authorities, interest associations and non-profit organisations, such as chambers of commerce, employer organisations, unions or research institutes. Under Interreg IV, private firms are only eligible if they apply through

418-613: The public sector makes up most of the economy. States legally regulate the private sector. Businesses operating within a country must comply with the laws in that country. In some cases, usually involving multinational corporations that can pick and choose their suppliers and locations based on their perception of the regulatory environment, local state regulations have resulted in uneven practices within one company. For example, workers in one country may benefit from strong labour unions , while workers in another country have very weak laws supporting labour unions, even though they work for

440-472: The resulting entities, provided there is some degree of local activity involved. The term Euroregion is also used to refer to the various types of entities that are used to administer Interreg funds. In many cases, they have established secretariats that are funded via technical assistance: the Interred funding component aimed at establishing an international presence for local Interreg deployment. Interreg A

462-475: The same employer. In some cases, industries and individual businesses choose self-regulation by applying higher standards for dealing with their workers, customers, or the environment than the minimum that is legally required of them. There can be negative effects from the private sector. In the early 1980s, the Corrections Corporation of America pioneered the idea of running prisons for

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484-515: The subsequent period 1994–1999. It moved on to Interreg III for the period 2000–2006. Projects from that closed by the end of 2008. Interreg IV covered the years 2007–2013. Interreg V operated in the period from 2014 through 2020. Interreg VI is currently operational, from 2021 until 2027. Interreg differs from the majority of Cohesion Policy programmes in one important respect: it involves a collaboration among authorities of two or more Member States. Interreg measures are not only required to demonstrate

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