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14-471: The fjord is long and narrow and measures 60 km from its head to its mouth. Its greatest width is 15 km between Ólafsfjörður and Gjögurtá at the fjord's mouth, but for the greater part of its length it is mostly between 5–10 km wide. The fjord is surrounded by hills and mountains on both sides; the mountains are taller on the west side, in the mountain range of the Tröllaskagi peninsula. In

28-429: A maximum elevation of 540 meters above sea level which can sometimes pose a problem during wintertime. Several different tunneling projects have been suggested as a way to bypass Öxnadalsheiði. Glacial period A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation ) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials , on

42-466: Is also a service center and the site of a growing university . 65°51′N 18°08′W  /  65.850°N 18.133°W  / 65.850; -18.133 This article about a fjord in Iceland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tr%C3%B6llaskagi Tröllaskagi ( Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtʰrœtlaˌskaijɪ] ) is a peninsula in northern Iceland on

56-466: The Greenland Sea , between the fjords of Eyjafjörður and Skagafjörður . The peninsula is mountainous, with several peaks reaching over 1,000 meters above sea level, the tallest being Kerling (1,538 m). It is the part of Iceland with the highest elevation outside the central highlands . The peninsula is cut by several deep valleys that were carved by glaciers during the glacial periods of

70-734: The Tian Shan ) Jomolungma (in the Himalayas ), and Llanquihue (in Chile ). The glacial advance reached the Last Glacial Maximum about 26,500 BP . In Europe , the ice sheet reached Northern Germany . Over the last 650,000 years, there have been on average seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat. Since orbital variations are predictable, computer models that relate orbital variations to climate can predict future climate possibilities. Work by Berger and Loutre suggests that

84-937: The glacial period covered many areas of the Northern Hemisphere and have different names, depending on their geographic distributions: Wisconsin (in North America ), Devensian (in Great Britain ), Midlandian (in Ireland ), Würm (in the Alps ), Weichsel (in northern Central Europe ), Dali (in East China ), Beiye (in North China ), Taibai (in Shaanxi ) Luoji Shan (in southwest Sichuan ), Zagunao (in northwest Sichuan ), Tianchi (in

98-462: The largest valley in the area is Eyjafjarðardalur, which runs directly south from the fjord itself. It is about 50 km long, and is home to one of Iceland's largest agricultural regions. Several rivers flow into Eyjafjörður: the most significant are the Eyjafjarðará , Hörgá (whose valleys are named above), and Fnjóská (which flows into the fjord via Dalsmynni). The island of Hrísey in

112-495: The last Ice age and later by the rivers that now flow down those valleys. A few permanent glacial ice caps still exist in central Tröllaskagi, but they are all rather small. Human settlement is only extant in the relatively flat lowlands along the coast and in the valleys, but these lowlands are densely populated by Icelandic standards with important agricultural regions and a few towns and villages that mostly base their livelihood on fisheries. Those settlements are (clockwise around

126-725: The last 740,000 years alone. The Penultimate Glacial Period (PGP) is the glacial period that occurred before the Last Glacial Period . It began about 194,000 years ago and ended 135,000 years ago, with the beginning of the Eemian interglacial. The last glacial period was the most recent glacial period within the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene , and began about 110,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago. The glaciations that occurred during

140-530: The middle of Eyjafjörður is the second largest island off the coast of Iceland and often referred to as "The Pearl of Eyjafjörður". Eyjafjörður contains a number of hydrothermal vents in shallow (20 to 65 metres) water, namely the Strýtan vent field , with cones rising up to 20 metres below the water surface. As they are not visible on the surface, when the Icelandic Coast Guard did not detect

154-438: The other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state . Within the Quaternary , which started about 2.6 million years before present , there have been a number of glacials and interglacials. At least eight glacial cycles have occurred in

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168-415: The outer part of the fjord there are no lowlands along the coast as the steep hills roll directly into the sea. Further south in the fjord there are strips of lowland along both coasts; these are wider on the west side. Several valleys lead from Eyjafjörður: most of them to the west, where the two most significant are Hörgárdalur and Svarfaðardalur . Dalsmynni is the only valley on the east side. However

182-481: The peninsula beginning in Skagafjörður): Hofsós , Hólar , Siglufjörður , Ólafsfjörður , Dalvík , Árskógssandur [ˈaurˌskouksˌsantʏr̥] , Hauganes , Hjalteyri , Hrafnagil and the largest being Akureyri . The Ring Road runs through Tröllaskagi between Skagafjörður and Eyjafjörður through a mountain pass called Öxnadalsheiði [ˈœkstnaˌtalsˌheiːðɪ] where the road reaches

196-658: The vent chimneys, they declared the vents non-existent in 1987. In 1997 divers Erlendur Bogason and Árni Halldósson and German research submersible HOV JAGO separately explored them and identified them as a real geologic feature. The vent field was designated as an Icelandic protected preserve in 2001. The largest town by far is Akureyri ; other settlements in the region are: Dalvík (the only other settlement with over 1,000 inhabitants), Ólafsfjörður , Hrísey , Árskógssandur , Hauganes , Hjalteyri , Hrafnagil , Svalbarðseyri and Grenivík . Most of these settlements base their livelihood on fisheries and agriculture, but Akureyri

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