50-423: (Redirected from F-99 ) F99 or F-99 may refer to: F-99 Bomarc , a 1957 joint United States of America–Canada missile HMS Cornwall (F99) , a 1985 British Royal Navy Type 22 frigate HMS Lincoln (F99) , a 1959 British Royal Navy Salisbury-class aircraft direction frigate Icarus F99 Rambo , Romanian ultralight aircraft [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
100-409: A design with triple-gun turrets , allowing the hull to be shortened thus saving weight that could be put into protection. This approach required increased power, as the speed of a ship is a function of the ratio of length to beam. The Royal Navy had a requirement for a vessel for colonial trade route defence, which required a good cruising range and speed and independent fighting power. This determined
150-579: A future ship be named Cornwall , her ship's company will be able to visit Truro to revive the Royal Navy's links with the county and return the Bell to the county's affiliated ship. Cornwall was affiliated with a number of military and civilian organisations and bodies: County-class cruiser The County class was a class of heavy cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the years between
200-602: A modified design, more heavily armoured but 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) slower. The County class saw much service during the Second World War. Norfolk and Suffolk were equipped with radar which was used to good advantage when they shadowed the German battleship Bismarck during the RN's attempts to hunt her down after the sinking of HMS Hood . The class saw service in nearly every theatre of
250-600: A pair of QF 0.5-inch Vickers machine guns added abreast the fore funnel. By the mid-1930s, the British Kent s were due for modernisation. However, there was little surplus weight for the designers to work with while remaining within the Treaty requirements; they were between 150 and 250 tons under the treaty limits and it was estimated that a further 200-odd tons could be gained through various savings. A 6-foot-deep (1.8 m) armoured belt, 4.5-inch (110 mm) thick,
300-644: A period of docked maintenance, in a ceremony at Falmouth attended by Lady Mary Holborow. On 23 March 2007, fifteen sailors and Royal Marines from HMS Cornwall were detained by elements of the Navy of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution following a routine search of a vessel suspected of smuggling, in the vicinity of disputed territorial waters . In February 2011, while operating in
350-437: A refit in 1944, during which her aircraft, catapult and X turret were removed. This allowed four quadruple 2-pounder mounts and their directors and four single 40 mm Bofors guns to be added. An extra superstructure was added aft to carry barrage directors, fitted with radar Type 283 , which finally allowed the main armament to serve in its intended anti-aircraft role. It was intended for Surrey and Northumberland to have
400-590: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages HMS Cornwall (F99) HMS Cornwall was a Batch 3 Type 22 frigate of the Royal Navy . She was the first Batch 3 to be built, and the last to decommissioned . Cornwall was based at HMNB Devonport in Devon , England, part of the Devonport Flotilla. She was built by Yarrow Shipbuilders and launched by Diana, Princess of Wales at Scotstoun on
450-833: The Dardanelles in 1915. Cornwall was affectionately dubbed "the Fighting Ice Cream" by her crew due to her pennant number of F99. She undertook duties in the North and South Atlantic Ocean, Adriatic, Mediterranean, Caribbean and Baltic Seas throughout her time in service, and completed several patrols to the Persian Gulf and deployments to the Far East . During 1988 and 1989 she was commanded by Captain Chris Wreford-Brown . In 1992 she deployed to
500-640: The First and Second World Wars. They were the first 'post-war' cruisers constructed for the Royal Navy and were designed within the limits of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. Such ships, with a limit of 10,000 tons standard displacement and 8-inch calibre main guns may be referred to as "treaty cruisers" (the term "heavy cruiser" was not defined until the London Naval Treaty of 1930 ). The thirteen Counties were built in
550-535: The Gulf of Aden as part of the Combined Maritime Forces, boarding teams from HMS Cornwall participated in the rescue of five Yemeni fishermen and the capture of 17 Somali pirates from a fishing dhow , which had been seized by pirates on 11 November 2010. On 26 April 2011 she returned to Plymouth for the last time, and decommissioned on 30 June 2011. Her decommissioning pennant was presented to
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#1732775730263600-510: The Kent , London and Norfolk sub-classes. They were the only 10,000-ton 8-inch gun, or "A", cruisers that the Royal Navy built. The Counties are remembered for their distinctive three-funnel layout and service in all the major naval theatres of the Second World War. To extract more ships from the treaty limits, the navy planned to construct 8,250-ton "B" ships, six of which could be built in place of five Counties. The extra ship that this afforded
650-758: The River Clyde in October 1985 and commissioned at Falmouth in 1988 by the ship's sponsor , Diana, Princess of Wales (who was also the Duchess of Cornwall ). Originally lead ship (Captain F) of the Devonport-based 8th Frigate Squadron and upon its disbandment in 1993, lead ship of the 2nd Frigate Squadron, HMS Cornwall had battle honours from Barfleur in 1692, the Falkland Islands in 1914 and
700-749: The Russian Navy , followed by a period as flagship of NATO 's Standing Naval Force Atlantic . In 2001 she was part of the Royal Navy Task Force engaged in the invasion of Afghanistan . In 2003 she was again committed to Standing Naval Force Atlantic, supporting Operation Active Endeavour in the Mediterranean Following the death of the Princess of Wales in 1997, the role of sponsor was assumed by Mary Holborow , Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall . Between 1999 and 2001 she
750-499: The Counties featured a new design of forward superstructure incorporating the navigating bridge, wheelhouse, signalling and compass platforms and gunnery director in a block. This advance considerably rationalised the separate armoured conning tower and myriad of decks and platforms of older designs. Moving the fire-control equipment from the mast negated the need for a heavy tripod and light pole masts sufficed for signalling yards and
800-623: The Davidstow Airfield and Cornwall at War Museum on 5 October 2011. The ship's bell was presented to Truro Cathedral on 18 October 2011. She was later towed to HMNB Portsmouth , where she lay with sister ships HMS Cumberland , HMS Campbeltown , HMS Chatham . All four were put up for sale in January 2013 and in July sold to Swansea Drydocks for demolition. She left Portsmouth, being towed to Swansea, on 24 October 2013. Should
850-709: The Far East, the ship took the opportunity to stop and lay a wreath at the site of the sinking of the previous HMS Cornwall , a County Class heavy cruiser sunk by Japanese dive bombers in April 1942. Between 1996 and 1998 she was commanded by Captain Anthony Dymock . In 1996 she served as flagship of the First Sea Lord in Saint Petersburg , during the 300th anniversary celebrations of
900-473: The Mark I variant. The 4-inch guns were relocated forwards in order that they did not obstruct the catapult and aircraft which had been mounted lower down than in their predecessors. During 1937, the 4-inch guns were replaced by twins, octuple 2-pounders were added around the after superstructure and the single guns forward were removed. These improvements pushed the standard displacement over 10,400 tons. During
950-542: The Mark XVI mounting was stripped down to reduce the weight, the result being the Mark XVII, an exercise described as "ridiculous punctiliousness". They were later converted back to standard Mark XVI mounts. The initial design called for two octuple mountings for the 40 mm QF 2-pounder Mk.VIII anti-aircraft autocannon but as a weight-saving exercise these were not initially shipped and the existing QF 2-pounder Mark II
1000-720: The West Indies as West Indies Guard ship, visiting Bermuda, Tortola, Belize, The Bahamas, Pensacola, Key West and Curaçao before making her way home up the East Coast of the US and Canada via Norfolk, Boston and Halifax. In 1993 she deployed to the Gulf with a mid-deployment break to Mombasa in Kenya. 1994 saw her return again to the Gulf but this time visiting Singapore, Penang, Tioman Island and Sri Lanka whilst off station. En route back from
1050-795: The automatic 6-inch and 3-inch guns that would be fitted to the Tiger class . She was scrapped in 1959. Two ships based on the County class, Canarias and Baleares of the Canarias class , were designed in the UK and constructed in Spain by the Vickers-Armstrongs subsidiary Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval . Completed in the late 1930s for the Spanish Navy , they saw service during
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#17327757302631100-471: The bridge. The 4-inch guns were relocated, and the rearmost pair were replaced by twin mountings Mark XIX for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI. To keep weight within acceptable margins, the hull was cut down by one deck aft of "Y" turret. Berwick and Cornwall were similarly converted, but with more weight in hand the hull was not cut down; all four 4-inch mounts were twins and the 2-pounder guns were octuple mounts. By 1939,
1150-472: The class was led by Charles Lillicrap , a member of the naval construction department of the Admiralty . The 10,000-ton treaty cruisers were the first type of warships built to internationally agreed restrictions. These restrictions posed new engineering challenges and forced compromises upon designers in how to extract the best balance of speed, armament and protection. The United States Navy adopted
1200-519: The class were lost, with Canberra being hit by naval gunfire at the Battle of Savo Island then scuttled by a U.S. destroyer, and Cornwall and Dorsetshire both bombed and sunk by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft during the Indian Ocean raid . The survivors began decommissioning in 1948, and were all decommissioned by the mid-1950s, except Cumberland , which was an armaments trials ship testing
1250-404: The complete lack of a suitable fire control system. Secondary armament consisted of four QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark V guns in single mounts HA Mk.III fed from the amidships magazine. There were quadruple-tube torpedo launchers, one each side, amidships. The single 4-inch Mk V guns were later replaced by Mk XVI guns in paired mountings. In a fruitless attempt to keep within treaty limits,
1300-411: The contemporary Crown Colony-class cruisers. The forward superstructure block incorporated a large hangar opening onto an athwartships catapult between the superstructure blocks. There was a catapult on either side of the after funnel. The 4-inch anti-aircraft guns were replaced by twin mountings and relocated to the after superstructure, with the torpedoes a deck below. The 2-pounder guns were carried on
1350-539: The eight ships planned to begin construction in 1924, only five were approved, with a further two ordered later by the Royal Australian Navy. These initial seven ships – Berwick , Cornwall , Cumberland , Kent , and Suffolk , built for the Royal Navy, and Australia and Canberra for the Royal Australian Navy – formed the Kent class . All were ordered in 1924 and commissioned in 1928. It
1400-610: The funnels. The single 2-pounder guns were removed, and two quadruple mounts for 0.5-inch Vickers machine guns were added. Shropshire acquired an additional anti-aircraft fire control director. Early in the war, the additional 4-inch guns were removed, and the original 4-inch guns altered to the Mark XVI twin mounts. The octuple 2-pounder guns that had originally been designed in were also finally added. From 1938 to 1941, London received an altogether more comprehensive modernisation. Her upperworks were removed and replaced by new fore and aft superstructures and two upright funnels modelled on
1450-430: The hangar roof and the multiple Vickers guns mounted, one each, on the roofs of "B" and "X" turrets. A 3.5-inch (89 mm) belt, 8 feet (2.4 m) deep, was added abreast the machinery spaces, extending up to the armoured deck. However, the hull had originally been carefully designed to reduce weight based on the initial arrangements. The modifications to London added heavy weights fore and aft and severely overstressed
1500-551: The hull was lengthened by 2 feet 9 inches (0.84 m); these changes translated into a + 3 ⁄ 4 -knot increase in speed. To remedy the loss of the bulge protection, there was a second skin of inner plating to provide the same effect. The bridge was moved aft to lessen the effects of muzzle blast from B turret when the guns were trained abaft the beam . They had heightened funnels as built. The aircraft and catapult had been fitted by 1932. In all ships but Sussex , four 4-inch guns were added in single mountings abreast
1550-435: The hull. As a result cracks and loose rivets began to appear on the upper deck. The upper deck was reinforced, which caused the stress to be transmitted through the lower hull instead and cracks began to appear under the waterline. It took underwater reinforcements and refits extending into 1943 to remedy the situation. The outbreak of war prevented what had ended up being a rather fruitless cosmetic rebuild being extended to
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1600-406: The machinery spaces and there were "box citadels" protecting the magazines and shell rooms; 2.5-inch (64 mm) crowns and 4-inch (100 mm) sides, closed by 2.5-inch bulkheads. The aft box citadel had slightly reduced thicknesses at the ends and the citadel amidships had thinner armour as it lay within the confines of the armoured deck and side plating. There was a 1.5-inch (38 mm) arch over
1650-716: The multiple 2-pounders and their directors were carried aft, by the lattice structure. The naval historian H. Trevor Lenton estimates that despite the best attempts, none of these ships stayed within the treaty limits; Kent ' s full load displacement was 14,197 tons, indicating a standard displacement of around 10,600 tons. Lenton expresses doubts whether the Admiralty ever informed the Government of these excesses, as with war imminent, "there were more pressing demands on their time". Another historian, Leo Marriott, gives an alternative displacement of 10,300 tons and notes that it
1700-432: The need for a long hull and the use of four twin-gun turrets, with any remaining displacement invested in protection. The design was conservative in nature, especially when compared to the contemporary Nelson -class battleships built to satisfy the same treaty. The long (630 feet overall ) hull was flush decked and with a high freeboard and was strongly built. This afforded high initial stability , which contributed to
1750-580: The protection scheme. The machinery spaces followed the traditional layout of boiler rooms ahead of engine rooms , separated by an amidships magazine . The two boiler rooms exhausted into four uptakes, the central pair being combined to form a thickened central funnel. The three-funnel design was handsome but a somewhat impractical use of internal space. As had been tested in the First World War Emerald class cruiser HMS Enterprise , whose completion had been delayed post-war,
1800-500: The rest of her sisters, as had originally been intended. The remaining London s thus never received side armouring or the improved aircraft complement. During wartime refits, the last three London s underwent similar alterations as the Kent s did, having their eight 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes removed, and "X" 8-inch (203 mm) turret removed, although both London and Shropshire retained it. Shropshire , unlike her two un-converted sisters retained her torpedo armament, and
1850-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F99&oldid=1086529311 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1900-416: The spread of wireless antennae. The guns, BL 8-inch (203 mm) Mark VIII, were equally disposed in superfiring twin turrets fore and aft. The turret design was needlessly complicated by the original requirement that they should be capable of anti-aircraft fire and were thus provided with a maximum elevation of 70°, despite the inability to train and elevate sufficiently quickly to track aerial targets and
1950-415: The steering gear closed by a 1-inch-thick forward bulkhead. The turrets and barbettes received only thin splinter plating, as did the compass platform . There were external bulges to provide torpedo protection . Originally planned as a programme of 17 Royal Navy vessels, the numbers were cut back significantly following the formation of the first Labour Government after the election of December 1923 . Of
2000-569: The sub-class was also cancelled. This was due to the change in administration in 1929 that ushered in a minority Labour government under Ramsay MacDonald . The new government cancelled the ships as an economy measure and as a gesture to the forthcoming London Naval Conference 1930 . The Norfolk s were repeats of the London s with minor alterations. The bridge and after superstructure were lowered. The 8-inch gun mountings were Mark II variants that simplified loading but ended up being heavier than
2050-475: The torpedo tubes had been removed in all four ships. Kent had less weight available for improvements and therefore was not given such an extensive modernisation. While she received the 4-inch armour belt and the double 4-inch gun mounts like her sisters, she retained the rotating catapult and after superstructure, with an additional fire-control position mounted on a distinctive lattice structure aft. Her anti-aircraft armaments were improved as for her sisters, but
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2100-471: The war, UP rocket launchers were initially added, but they were later removed along with the Vickers guns. These were replaced by the altogether more useful 20 mm Oerlikon gun. An additional director for the 4-inch guns was added, and the pole masts were replaced by tripods to support the additional weight of masthead electronics. Dorsetshire was sunk in 1942, and so it was only Norfolk that underwent
2150-464: The war. Norfolk , Suffolk , and Dorsetshire were involved in the pursuit of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen . Berwick fought a gunnery action with the German cruiser Admiral Hipper , and Norfolk again fought German Navy surface units during Battle of the North Cape . Suffolk and Sussex suffered bomb damage from Luftwaffe aircraft, and both required substantial repairs. Three of
2200-452: Was "unofficially accepted" by the UK, USA, Italy, France and Japan that refits could allow ships to exceed the London treaty limits by up to 300 tons. The second group, the four ships of the London class ( Devonshire , London , Shropshire and Sussex ), closely followed the design of the Kent s. The external bulges were not present, reducing the beam by 2 feet (0.61 m), and
2250-481: Was added amidships, extending down from the armoured deck to 1 foot below the waterline. Cumberland and Suffolk had the aft superstructure razed and replaced by a large hangar for two aircraft and a fixed athwartships catapult. A crane was fitted on either side of the after funnel, and the rear gunnery, navigation and control positions were relocated to the hangar roof. The single 2-pounder guns were removed, and quadruple mountings, Mark VII, were added on either side of
2300-450: Was an attractive proposition for a navy that had the immense peacetime commitments of empire. Peacetime economies and politics intervened and only two B-type cruisers were built, an 8-inch gun modified County design: the York class . In 1929, the mean cost of each "A" ship was estimated to be £2,180,000, whilst the mean cost of each "B" ship was estimated to be £1,800,000. The design of
2350-460: Was carried in lieu on four single mounts. Space was provided for a rotating catapult and a crane for operating aircraft, although again these were initially not provided. The initial design left little weight to distribute amongst protection. Thus, the traditional side-belt of armour was dispensed with and the 1-inch (25 mm) side plating was sufficient to only give protection against shell splinters. A 1.25-inch (32 mm) protective deck covered
2400-711: Was commanded by Captain Timothy McClement . Ceremonial activities have included acting as flagship for the Battle of the Atlantic Fleet Review in 1993, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Atlantic , and in 2002 delivering a 21-gun salute as part of celebrations of the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II . On 28 January 2006 Cornwall was rededicated, following
2450-455: Was quickly found necessary to heighten the funnels by some 15 feet (4.6 m) to clear the flue gasses from the aft superstructure. The Australian ships, Australia and Canberra had them raised a further 3 feet (0.91 m). Between 1930 and 1933 the aircraft and catapult were added, as was a high-angle HACS director for the 4-inch guns. Kent received an additional pair of 4-inch guns in 1934, and she, Berwick and Cornwall each received
2500-491: Was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy in early 1943 to replace Canberra . The final pair of Counties – Norfolk and Dorsetshire – formed the Norfolk class. Another two ships that had been deferred from the 1927–1928 and 1928–1929 programmes – to have been named Northumberland and Surrey – were ordered on 15 May 1929, but suspended on 23 August and finally cancelled on 14 January 1930. A proposed fifth vessel of
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