Rivers of Paradise , the four rivers of Paradise , or "the rivers of /flowing from Eden " are the four rivers described in Genesis 2 :10–14, where an unnamed stream flowing out of the Garden of Eden splits into four branches: Pishon , Gihon , Hiddekel ( Tigris ), and Phrath (Perath, Euphrates ). These four rivers form a feature of the Garden that is popular in the Abrahamic religions .
14-648: (Redirected from Four Rivers ) Four rivers may refer to: The four rivers in the Old Testament Garden of Eden ( Pishon , Gihon , Tigris , and Euphrates ) The four rivers that water the world in Hindu scripture ( Ganges , Indus , Oxus , and Śita ) Four Rivers Bay , Nunavut, Canada Four Rivers Transportation , an American railroad holding company based in Wilmington, Delaware Fountain of
28-581: Is no significant relationship between the biblical rivers of Paradise and the ones in Quran. Quran uses an expression "underneath them" that had been explained as rivers flowing underneath the trees in the gardens and the chambers of paradise dwellers. The four rivers similar to the ones in Genesis can be found in hadiths . A hadith from Muhammad reports that four rivers emerge from heaven: Euphrates, Nile , Sayhān and Jayhān ; Hosseinizadeh stresses that
42-652: Is without a doubt, most of them agree on the Tigris (Hiddekel), but the identification of Pishon and Gihon is ambiguous. In the Koine Greek Septuagint , the earliest Old Greek translation of the Old Testament , in the Book of Genesis these four rivers appear as Φισῶν for Pishon, Γεῶν for Gihon, Τίγρις for Hiddekel, and Εὐφράτης for Phrath. For religious scholars, a natural question arises: "How did
56-769: The four elements and cardinal virtues . The four rivers of Paradise were frequently used in Christian art in 4th to 6th centuries AD (and later through medieval times, especially during the Carolingian period ) in multiple allegorical meanings. In visual arts the rivers usually flow underneath Christ's feet or from His throne (cf. apse mosaics in Santa Costanza , Santi Cosma e Damiano , Santa Prassede , Santa Pudenziana , San Clemente al Laterano , Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , Basilica of San Vitale ). Two stags are occasionally depicted drinking from
70-649: The Four Rivers , a 17th-century fountain in Rome designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini ( Danube , Nile , Ganges , La Plata ) Sichuan province , China See also [ edit ] Four Major Rivers Project , multi-purpose green growth project in South Korea Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Four rivers . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
84-496: The geographic attribution for the Garden of Eden entirely, a considerable amount of research was done on matching the rivers in the Genesis to the real ones, on the premise that the Garden was "obviously a geographic reality" to a writer of the Genesis verse (as well as his source), and thus dismissing the physical placement of the rivers is the contribution of the interpreters. To the second group of scholars, attribution of Euphrates
98-514: The heavenly rivers come to the Earth?" Various answers were provided in the past. Following Saint Ambrose (per Cohen, the association was established earlier, in a letter by Cyprian in 256 AD) the rivers are interpreted as four evangelists (or Gospels ), with Water of Life flowing from the word of Christ (the Fountain of Life ) to bring salvation . In Gospel manuscripts the connection
112-462: The latter two are not necessarily Sayhūn ( Syr Daria ) and Jayhūn ( Amu Daria ). In a hadith narrated by Ibn Abbas Tigris is also included into the rivers of Paradise, Sayhān is identified as Hinds , Jayhān as Balkh . In the hadith of Mi'raj Muhammad witnesses four rivers of water, milk, wine and honey flowing from the base of the Sidrat al-Muntaha tree. Hunt draws parallels between
126-406: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_rivers&oldid=1080546086 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rivers of Paradise Although some commentators dismiss
140-675: The rivers of Paradise and the Persian Charbagh garden design. Gospels of Lothair The Gospels of Lothair ( BNF Lat. 266) is an evangeliary made for Lothair I in Saint-Martin de Tours during 849 to 851. Representing the peak of the Carolingian Tours workshop, the manuscript has 221 parchment leaves written in gold ink, with six miniatures, nine incipit pages, twelve altar cards , 18 index pages and five initials. A different Carolingian evangeliary,
154-703: The so-called Cleves Evangeliary (Berlin Staatsbibliothek Ms. theol. Lat. 260) was completed before 852, likely in a workshop at Lothair's court in Aachen . It consists of 241 parchment leaves, written in gold ink. This manuscript was given by Lothair to Prüm Abbey . It was acquired by the BNF in 1802 (following the dissolution of the Abbey following the French annexation in 1794 ) and returned to Germany in 1819. In
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#1732772178700168-479: The streams, referring to Psalm 42: "As a deer longs for flowing streams, so my soul longs for you, O God". On the North portal of Cathedral of Chartres the rivers are depicted as young men carrying vessels with outflowing water. The rabbinic tradition does not interpret rivers literally, instead, they are believed to represent honey, milk, balsam, and wine. Genesis Rabbah identifies the rivers as four corners of
182-750: The world: Pishon as Babylonia , Gihon as Media , Hiddekel as Greece, Euphrates as Rome. It also states that all waters in the world flow from the foot of the Tree of Life . Similarly to Judaism, Islam treats the rivers of Paradise ( anhār al-janna ) as carrying the honey, milk, water, and wine (cf. Q 47:15 ). However, Hosseinizadeh remarks that these are not the same rivers as in the Bible, since there are four types of rivers, not four rivers in this verse. Furthermore, there are more types discussed elsewhere in Quran (cf. Q 76:5-6 and Salsabil in Q 76:17-18 ), so there
196-555: Was made either in the tituli (cf. St Gauzelin Gospels, Gospels of Lothair ) or as an illustration ( Vivian Bible ). By the 11th century ( Uta Codex ) through a long chain of exegesis Gihon was personified as Matthew (and associated with happiness), Tigris as Mark (swiftness), Euphrates as Luke (fertility), Pishon as John (inspiration). Pseudo-Jerome 's commentary on the Gospels (7th century) contains different associations with evangelists as well as other quadruples , including
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