107-427: A fan or fanatic , sometimes also termed an aficionado , stan or enthusiast , is a person who exhibits strong interest or admiration for something or somebody, such as a celebrity , a sport , a sports team , a genre , a politician , a book , a movie , a video game or an entertainer. Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or fandom . They may show their enthusiasm in
214-399: A marquee . Promotion in advertising led to the release of stories about these personalities to newspapers and fan magazines as part of a strategy to build brand loyalty for their company's actors and films. By the 1920s, Hollywood film company promoters had developed a "massive industrial enterprise" that "...peddled a new intangible—fame." Early Hollywood studios tightly controlled who was
321-437: A 'groupie'. A groupie, according to Cheryl Cline, is [A] person (a woman, usually), who 'chases after' rock stars, as my mother would say. But 'groupie' is also used more or less synonymously with 'girl Rock fan', 'female journalist', and 'woman Rock musician'; it's used to mean anyone working in the music field who isn't actually a Rock musician; it's used as an all-purpose insult and a slut on one's professionalism; it's used as
428-403: A celebrity. The term is a pejorative , suggesting the target has no particular talents or abilities. British journalist Malcolm Muggeridge made the first known usage of the phrase in the introduction to his book Muggeridge Through The Microphone: BBC Radio and Television (1967) in which he wrote: In the past if someone was famous or notorious, it was for something—as a writer or an actor or
535-534: A criminal; for some talent or distinction or abomination. Today one is famous for being famous. People who come up to one in the street or in public places to claim recognition nearly always say: "I've seen you on the telly!" The coinages " famesque " and " celebutante " are of similar pejorative gist. This shift has sparked criticism for promoting superficial recognition over substantive achievements and reflects broader changes in how fame and success are perceived in modern culture. Mass media has dramatically reshaped
642-445: A crush on their idols. There are also fans who want to become their friends or respect an idol's relationship. In fact, there are fans who idolize a celebrity couples. Gaming fans, or "gamers", are fans focused on playing non-sport games, usually role-playing games , board games , miniature wargames , collectible card games or video games . Music fans can differ somewhat from fans of particular musicians, in that they may focus on
749-542: A cute term for 'hero worship'; and it's used interchangeably with 'fan'. In other words, the term 'groupie' (used synonymously with the term 'fan' or 'fangirl') is frequently used to shame women involved within the music community, restricting their involvement to sexual relations with band members or worshipping male rock stars. This trend can also be observed within other fan communities, such as comic book fandoms, where women are frequently portrayed as "Fake Geek Girls", only interested in comic books to impress guys or to view
856-424: A favorable public image, as opposed to the neutrals 'famous' or 'notable', or the negatives 'infamous' and 'notorious'. In his 2020 book Dead Famous: An Unexpected History Of Celebrity , British historian Greg Jenner uses the definition: Celebrity (noun): a unique persona made widely known to the public via media coverage, and whose life is publicly consumed as dramatic entertainment, and whose commercial brand
963-700: A favorable sports feat. This is most common when a member of the home team scores a hat trick in hockey. Other, more mild forms of displeasure shown by sports fans at sporting events involve simple groans of disappointment, and silence. These actions often denote that the favored home team is being outperformed by, or has lost to the much less-favored road team. In North America, extremely enthusiastic fans are often called "superfans": fans who dress up in outrageous and ostentatious costumes or outfits showing their devotion. Fanbases well known for their tenacious love and undying support are called rabid fans or fanatics. These fans often congregate hours before kickoff in what
1070-463: A few such as Oprah Winfrey , Jerry Springer , or David Frost could be said to have broken through into wider stardom. Television also gave exposure to sportspeople, notably Pelé after his emergence at the 1958 FIFA World Cup , with Barney Ronay in The Guardian stating, "What is certain is that Pelé invented this game, the idea of individual global sporting superstardom, and in a way that
1177-427: A genre of music. Many of the trade journals around music, such as Rolling Stone , were created by music fans. A notable music fan was groupie Cynthia Plaster Caster , famous for making numerous plaster casts of rock stars' penises. Another was Pamela Des Barres , author of the book I'm With The Band . Fans who are not groupies prefer the term supporter . In the 1960s, the extreme frenzy of music fans surrounding
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#17327766205821284-448: A good example of such attacks, whereby multiple women working within the gaming industry were victims of sexual harassment and violent threats, some even forced to leave their homes for fear of a physical confrontation. The fangirls', often stereotyped as female, so-called 'hysteria' is described as the product of sexual repression. However, while it is expected for women to be involved in certain fandoms for physical or sexual reasons, this
1391-661: A major celebrity. You have to get past three different sets of publicists: the publicist for the event, the publicist for the movie, and then the celebrity's personal publicist. They all have to approve you." Celebrities also typically have security staff at their home or properties, to protect them and their belongs from similar threats. " 15 minutes of fame " is a phrase often used as slang to short-lived publicity. Certain "15 minutes of fame" celebrities can be average people seen with an A-list celebrity, who are sometimes noticed on entertainment news channels such as E! News . These are ordinary people becoming celebrities, often based on
1498-409: A man to be indulgent about the crushes of teenage girls than it is for him to be fair-minded about the sexual fantasies of the woman he loves when they're about someone else. And the same guy who'll leave Penthouse in the bathroom will yell, 'No woman of mine is gonna hang a poster of Prince naked to the waist on the inside of the closet of the spare room where no one will see it!' […] [U]ntil you reach
1605-539: A minority stake in the Charlotte Bobcats , Paul Newman started his own salad dressing business after leaving behind a distinguished acting career, and rap musician Birdman started his own record label , clothing line, and an oil business while maintaining a career as a rap artist. In 2014, David Beckham became co-owner of new Major League Soccer team Inter Miami , which began playing in 2020. Former Brazil striker and World Cup winner Ronaldo became
1712-477: A more sexualized, emotional, or bodily experience, as opposed to intellectual interests. For example, in music, women are more predominant, and accepted, within pop music fandoms, which Diane Railton describes as evoking an emotional and physical response, in contrast with the 'masculine' rock music, which is defined as 'serious' music with a 'meaning', focusing on political, cultural, and psychological discussion. Due to this, women are rarely given space or voice within
1819-411: A movie star, as only they had the ability to place stars' names above the title; according to film historian Jeanine Basinger , this was done "only for economic reasons". Hollywood "image makers" and promotional agents planted rumors, selectively released real or fictitious biographical information to the press, and used other gimmicks to create glamorous personas for actors. Publicists thus "created"
1926-477: A regular basis and go to sports games as a family outing to watch events and form a psychological bond with one another and as a family. Others with no biological relations may view the team and fanbase as their family as Arsenal fan Maria Petri stated. Going to sports events can create a borrowed sense of self-esteem if fans identify with their teams to the extent that they consider themselves to be successful when their teams have been successful (e.g., as seen in
2033-645: A scandal. When seen in a positive light, celebrities are frequently portrayed as possessing skills and abilities beyond average people; for example, celebrity actors are routinely celebrated for acquiring new skills necessary for filming a role within a very brief time, and to a level that amazes the professionals who train them. Similarly, some celebrities with very little formal education can sometimes be portrayed as experts on complicated issues. Some celebrities have been very vocal about their political views. For example, Matt Damon expressed his displeasure with 2008 US vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin , as well as with
2140-491: A shortened version of the word fanatic . Fanatic itself, introduced into English around 1550, means "marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion". It comes from the Modern Latin fanaticus , meaning "insanely but divinely inspired". The word originally pertained to a temple or sacred place [Latin fanum , poetic English fane ]. The modern sense of "extremely zealous" dates from around 1647;
2247-472: A sign of maturity to pack up all the posters, photos, magazines, scrapbooks, and unauthorized biographies you so lovingly collected and shove them in the back of the closet. These conflicting accounts of fangirl behaviour are due to the belief that women are not supposed to express such sexual fantasies unless influenced by some hormonal induced craziness, while for men it is normal to be sexual regardless of age. As Cheryl Cline summarizes, It's much easier for
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#17327766205822354-543: A sizable number of 'Rentheads' since its Broadway debut. Similarly, fans devoted to The Phantom of the Opera have been dubbed 'Phans'. In 2018, Playbill included The Phantom of the Opera in its list of the "Top 10 Musical Fandoms" of the year. Otaku is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests. In Japan, the term is normally derogatory, a connotation lacking in English, where it generally refers to people in
2461-409: A sports bar is generally more common inside of one. The intensity of cheering and jeering at a sports bar by sports fans can often range from equal to stronger than that of fans actually at the sporting event for particularly significant games and matches. At home, sports fans may have few fellow fans but also more freedom. This is sometimes where the most intense cheering or jeering will take place. In
2568-622: A stan broke her own leg to emulate the injury. The fan tracked down Jessie J's personal address and sent her a photograph of the self-inflicted injury. The singer was horrified and decided to increase her security. Singer-songwriter Lorde has a different opinion on the matter of giving her followers a nickname. She discouraged it by saying "I find it grating to lump everyone into a really awkward, pun-centric name" and affirmed she will never name her fanbase. Women tend to be "more restricted in their leisure choices and opportunities than men," and their experiences within fandoms are typically demeaned to
2675-532: A stan is a sasaeng . Stan culture has been criticized for being toxic and parasocial . Colloquially, the term can be used as both a noun or a verb . Stans of a particular artist are often given more detailed names, such as "Arianators" for fans of Ariana Grande , " Directioner " for fans of One Direction and " Swifties " for fans of Taylor Swift . Some artists, however, do not have specific titles attributed to their stans; fans of Kylie Minogue have been called Kylie Stans. Even for fandoms with specific titles,
2782-402: A study by psychologists from Cambridge University , the more that people publicly express admiration for a public figure , the more likely it is that the fans' faith in the public figure will remain unaffected following "moral violations" by the adored person. A stan is an excessively avid fan and supporter of a celebrity , TV show, group, musical artist, film or film series. The object of
2889-454: A variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of a related fan club , holding or participating in fan conventions or writing fan mail . They may also engage in creative activities (" fan labor ") such as creating fanzines , writing fan fiction , making memes or drawing fan art . Merriam-Webster, the Oxford dictionary and other sources define "fan" as
2996-689: Is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in movies . The term is used for performers who are marketable stars as they become popular household names and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. The most prominent movie stars are known in the industry as bankable stars . In the early days of silent movies , the names of the actors and actresses appearing in them were not publicized or credited because producers feared this would result in demands for higher salaries. However, audience curiosity soon undermined this policy. By 1909, actresses such as Florence Lawrence and Mary Pickford were already widely recognized, although
3103-409: Is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group due to the attention given to them by mass media . The word is also used to refer to famous individuals. A person may attain celebrity status by having great wealth , participation in sports or the entertainment industry, their position as a political figure, or even their connection to another celebrity. 'Celebrity' usually implies
3210-771: Is also used to describe fans of K-pop. The term is not to be confused with Sasaeng fans, which are overly obsessed fans who stalk and sometimes bring harm to idols. The term was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2017. Celebrities have positively reacted to their "stan" followings. Notably, English singer-songwriter Jessie J had this to say about her stans, "They support me and buy my albums and singles, and they stand outside hotels, and they come to shows, and they get tattoos of my lyrics and they cut their hair like me. You have to love your fans. That's why I call them my Heartbeats, because without them I wouldn't be here". In 2012, after Jessie J broke her leg,
3317-481: Is also viewed as undesirable and driven by hormonal changes. These acts of adoration are societally limited to adolescent youth, or menopausal women, in both instances blaming "these two periods of hormonal lunacy" on the irrational, overtly sexual behaviour. For instance, Cheryl Cline, in her text entitled "Essays from Bitch: The Women's Rock Newsletter with Bite", discusses how women need to keep their interests hidden once they pass adolescence. In her own words, "[i]t's
Fan (person) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3424-441: Is going well for their team, and stress when play is going against their team. This tension between the two emotions generates an unusual sense of pleasure or heightened sensations. Aesthetics are another draw for some fans, who appreciate the precision or skill of play, or of the coordinated movement of the players during a pre-planned "play". Family bonding is a reason for some fan activities. Some families watch televised sports on
3531-400: Is known as a tailgation or tailgating. At sports bars , sports fans will gather together, often while consuming food and alcoholic beverages, with the purpose of following a particular sporting event on television as a group. Sports bars often advertise in hopes of drawing fans of a particular player or team to watch together to increase bonds between fans and prevent fights. This can create
3638-409: Is made profitable for those who exploit their popularity, and perhaps also for themselves. Although his book is subtitled "from Bronze Age to Silver Screen", and despite the fact that "Until very recently, sociologists argued that celebrity was invented just over 100 years ago, in the flickering glimmer of early Hollywood" and the suggestion that some medieval saints might qualify, Jenner asserts that
3745-581: Is often conferred or withheld, just as love is, for reasons and on grounds other than 'merit'." According to Sofia Johansson the "canonical texts on stardom" include articles by Boorstin (1971), Alberoni (1972) and Dyer (1979) that examined the "representations of stars and on aspects of the Hollywood star system". Johansson writes that "more recent analyses within media and cultural studies (e.g. Gamson 1994; Marshall 1997; Giles 2000; Turner, Marshall and Bonner 2000; Rojek 2001; Turner 2004) have instead dealt with
3852-457: Is unrepeatable now." In the '60s and early '70s, the book publishing industry began to persuade major celebrities to put their names on autobiographies and other titles in a genre called celebrity publishing. In most cases, the book was not written by the celebrity but by a ghostwriter , but the celebrity would then be available for a book tour and appearances on talk shows. Forbes magazine releases an annual Forbes Celebrity 100 list of
3959-464: The Philippines , their most recognizable thespian consisted of Nora Aunor , Vilma Santos , Sharon Cuneta , Maricel Soriano , Christopher de Leon , Joseph Estrada , Jose Padilla , Fernando Poe Sr. , Fernando Poe Jr. , Rudy Fernandez , Dolphy , Palito , Ramon Zamora , among many more. Philippines first international celebrity and sole in the movie star category was Ernesto dela Cruz under
4066-523: The Society for Creative Anachronism , gaming fandom, and furry fandom , sometimes collectively referred to as "fringe fandoms". Science fiction fandom developed its own slang, known as fanspeak after the "Newspeak" of the novel Nineteen Eighty-four . Fanspeak is made up of acronyms , blended words, obscure in-jokes, puns , coinages from science fiction novels or films, and archaic or standard English words used in specific ways relevant or amusing to
4173-544: The United Kingdom . The term supporter is also used in a political sense in the United States, to a fan of a politician , a political party , and a controversial issue. Fans usually have a strong enough interest that some changes in their lifestyles are made to accommodate devotion to the focal object. Fans have a desire for external involvement – they are motivated to demonstrate their involvement with
4280-499: The anime and manga fandom . People who approve of or associate themselves with certain politicians or political groups are generally called "supporters" rather than "fans", although there are politicians with official or unofficial "fan clubs". Intense and organized support for a politician may be referred to as a personality cult , particularly in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. Fans of professional wrestling can be divided into two groups: marks and smarks . Derived from
4387-706: The letter columns of science fiction magazines . This non-centralized movement has given birth to science fiction fanzines (and amateur press associations ), science fiction conventions , the Hugo Awards (and various imitators/derivatives), filk music , "fan funds" such as the Trans Atlantic Fan Fund , and a variety of other institutions, jargon and customs. It has nurtured writers and artists such as Ray Bradbury , Roger Ebert , Lenny Kaye , Michael Moorcock and Trina Robbins ; and has generated such spin-offs as comic book fandom, media fandom ,
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4494-704: The top-earning deceased celebrities , with singer Michael Jackson , fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien and children's author Roald Dahl each topping the annual list with earnings of $ 500 million over the course of a year. Celebrity endorsements have proven very successful around the world where, due to increasing consumerism , a person owns a "status symbol" by purchasing a celebrity-endorsed product. Although it has become commonplace for celebrities to place their name with endorsements onto products just for quick money, some celebrities have gone beyond merely using their names and have put their entrepreneurial spirit to work by becoming entrepreneurs by attaching themselves in
4601-479: The "artist stan" formula still applies. Some of these monikers are almost universally known and used by fans of the artists as well as outsiders. Other nicknames are not commonly used, neither by outsiders nor by the concerning fan-base, such as Kylie Minogue 's "Kylie Stans", Madonna 's "Madonna Fans", Maroon 5 's "Maroon 5 Stans" or Nick Jonas 's so called "Nick Jonas Fans", usually appearing on social media networks such as Twitter and Tumblr , The term "stan"
4708-434: The "enduring images" and public perceptions of screen legends such as James Dean , Judy Garland , Rock Hudson , Marilyn Monroe , and Grace Kelly . The development of this " star system " made fame "something that could be fabricated purposely, by the masters of the new 'machinery of glory'." However, regardless of how "...strenuously the star and their media handlers and press agents may ... try to 'monitor' and 'shape' it,
4815-436: The 18th and 19th centuries. Newspapers started including "gossip" columns, and certain clubs and events became places to be seen to receive publicity. David Lodge called Charles Dickens the "first writer to feel the intense pressure of being simultaneously an artist and an object of unrelenting public interest and adulation", and Juliet John backed up the claim for Dickens "to be called the first self-made global media star of
4922-434: The 2011 United States debt-ceiling crisis . Also known as being internet famous . Most high-profile celebrities participate in social networking services and photo or video hosting platforms such as YouTube , Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Social networking services allow celebrities to communicate directly with their fans, removing the "traditional" media. Through social media, many people outside of
5029-408: The 20th century. Other, more recent movie stars include Romalis Syafril, Erra Fazira , Rosyam Nor , Shaheizy Sam and Maya Karin , from Malaysia; Nicholas Saputra , Vino G. Bastian, Dian Sastrowardoyo , Tora Sudiro , and Iko Uwais , from Indonesia; Claudine Baretto, Piolo Pascual , John Lloyd Cruz , Jericho Rosales , Aga Muhlach , Kristine Hermosa, Dingdong Dantes , and Bea Alonzo , from
5136-480: The 21st century; Mona Zaki , Ahmed Ezz , Menna Shalabi , Ahmed El Sakka , Karim Abdel Aziz , Sherif Mounir , Nelly Karim , Mohamed Henedi , Mohamed Saad , Donia Samir Ghanem , Ahmed Helmy , Ghada Adel , Khaled El-Nabawy , Ruby , Maged el-Kedwany and many more considered Egyptian Cinema movie stars. Movie stars enjoy considerable prominence in Asia. In Asian film industries, many movies often run on
5243-525: The Beatles became known as Beatlemania . In 2019, Billboard observed that popular musicians such as Tyler, the Creator had leveraged the power of fans to drive digital downloads using merchandise bundles. Similarly, GQ recognized Vampire Weekend for their commitment to extensive band merchandising for dedicated fans. Popular musicals have their own particular sets of fans. Rent has boasted
5350-647: The Hindi film industry, commonly known as Bollywood , has its own set of rules in this respect. There are often superstars in this region who command premium pay commensurate with their box office appeal. Some mainstream Indian movie stars, like the Khans of Bollywood ( Aamir Khan , Shah Rukh Khan , Salman Khan ,), Madhubala , Raj Kapoor , Nargis , Mithun Chakraborty , Amitabh Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai gained international fame across Asia and Eastern Europe . For example, Bollywood films were popular in
5457-604: The Soviet Union , more so than Hollywood films and occasionally even domestic Soviet films . Indian actors like Raj Kapoor, Nargis and Mithun Chakroborty were household names in the Soviet Union, with films such as Awaara (1951) and Disco Dancer (1982) drawing more than 60 million viewers in the country. The Hindi film actors Raj Kapoor and Aamir Khan also became very popular in China, with films such as Awaara , 3 Idiots (2009), and Dangal (2016), one of
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#17327766205825564-537: The affairs of Raj Kapoor in the 1950s. Like theatrical actors before them, movie actors were the subjects of celebrity walls in restaurants they frequented, near movie studios, most notably at Sardi's in Hollywood. The second half of the century saw television and popular music bring new forms of celebrity, such as the rock star and the pop group, epitomised by Elvis Presley and the Beatles , respectively. John Lennon 's highly controversial 1966 quote: "We're more popular than Jesus now", which he later insisted
5671-522: The age of mass culture." Theatrical actors were often considered celebrities. Restaurants near theaters, where actors would congregate, began putting up caricatures or photographs of actors on celebrity walls in the late 19th century. The subject of widespread public and media interest, Lillie Langtry , made her West End theatre debut in 1881 causing a sensation in London by becoming the first socialite to appear on stage. The following year she became
5778-765: The age when everybody thinks you're crazy anyway, so why not admit to an intense hankering to run your fingers through Willie Nelson's whiskers? According to Jackson Katz in the documentary Tough Guise 2 , boys are taught early on that to be "real men" they need to be tough and not to show their feelings. [Men] can't show any emotion except anger. We can't think too much or seem too intellectual. We can't back down when someone disrespects us. We have to show we're tough enough to inflict physical pain and take it in turn. We're supposed to be sexually aggressive with women. And then we're taught that if we step out of this box, we risk being seen as soft, weak, feminine, or gay. He later elaborates, stating that, Celebrity Celebrity
5885-651: The area of interest through certain behaviors (attending conventions , posting online, displaying team banners outside their homes, etc.). Fans often have a "wish to acquire" material objects related to the area of interest, such as a baseball hit by a famous slugger or a used guitar pick from their musical hero. As well, some fans have a desire for social interaction with other fans. This again may take many forms, from casual conversation, e-mail, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists to regular face-to-face meetings such as fan club meetings and organized conventions. There are several groups of fans that can be differentiated by
5992-399: The attractive men present within their content, or sports communities, where women are often made uncomfortable at live sporting events due to the overt sexism and aggressive masculinity displayed by male spectators, and then labelled as 'inauthentic' for viewing the games via television instead. Within hockey, female fans are often called "Puck Bunnies", defined as, [S]omeone who hangs around
6099-501: The basis for the behavior fans have around their favorite musicians in modern society. The movie industry spread around the globe in the first half of the 20th century, creating the first film celebrities. The term celebrity was not always tied to actors in films however, especially when cinema was starting as a medium. As Paul McDonald states in The Star System: Hollywood's Production of Popular Identities , "In
6206-649: The business aspects of entertainment and building their own business brand beyond their traditional salaried activities. Along with investing their salaried wages into growing business endeavors, several celebrities have become innovative business leaders in their respective industries. Numerous celebrities have ventured into becoming business moguls and established themselves as entrepreneurs, idolizing many well known business leaders such as Bill Gates , Richard Branson and Warren Buffett . For instance, former basketball player Michael Jordan became an entrepreneur involved with many sports-related ventures including investing
6313-507: The concept of celebrity by amplifying visibility and extending fame globally. With the rise of television, social media, and reality TV, individuals can achieve stardom not just through traditional talents but also through their personal lives and online presence. This heightened visibility brings intense public scrutiny, where every detail of a celebrity's life is subject to constant media coverage. Celebrities often become brands themselves, influencing trends and consumer behavior while navigating
6420-486: The disparity in salaries in society seems to value professional athletes and entertainment industry-based professionals . One study found that singers, musicians, actors and athletes die younger on average than writers, composers, academics, politicians and businesspeople, with a greater incidence of cancer and especially lung cancer. However, it was remarked that the reasons for this remained unclear, with theories including innate tendencies towards risk-taking as well as
6527-487: The earliest celebrities lived in the early 1700s, his first example being Henry Sacheverell . Athletes in Ancient Greece were welcomed home as heroes, had songs and poems written in their honor, and received free food and gifts from those seeking celebrity endorsement . Ancient Rome similarly lauded actors and notorious gladiators, and Julius Caesar appeared on a coin in his own lifetime (a departure from
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#17327766205826634-473: The entertainment and sports sphere become a celebrity in their own sphere. Social media humanizes celebrities in a way that arouses public fascination as evident by the success of magazines such as Us Weekly and People Weekly . Celebrity blogging has also spawned stars such as Perez Hilton who is known for not only blogging but also outing celebrities. Social media and the rise of the smartphone has changed how celebrities are treated and how people gain
6741-641: The fame of certain celebrities, such as Tila Tequila who became known through MySpace. A report by the BBC highlighted a longtime trend of Asian internet celebrities called Wanghong in Chinese. According to the BBC, there are two kinds of online celebrities in China—those who create original content, such as Papi Jiang , who is regularly censored by Chinese authorities for cursing in her videos, and Wanghongs fall under
6848-433: The fan's own home, unbridled and lengthy screaming, crying, acts of destruction to household objects, and other manifestations of joy or anguish, are perhaps seen as most acceptable in comparison to the sports bar or sporting venue simply because such acts taken to such an extreme can be seen as disruptive to a large number of fellow fans even if they share the same sentiment if it is of less intensity. The greatest variables of
6955-696: The fan, or alienating themselves from said others. Often sports fans will invite other fans of relatively similar rooting intensity over to their house to experience a sporting event together so that all involved can voice pleasure or displeasure to their heart's content and increase shared bonds in the process. It is becoming common for this type of bonding to take place over sports-related social networks . The drivers that make people fans, and in particular sports fans, have been studied by psychologists, such as Dan Wann at Murray State University , and communication scholars, such as Adam Earnheardt at Youngstown State University . They attribute people becoming fans to
7062-412: The field of play and ultimately, the favorable object. Likewise, displeasure toward a particular incident, player, or team may be met by fans with booing, shouting of expletives, and sometimes throwing of objects onto the field. This violent type of fan reaction is often called hooliganism . Lighter, more harmless objects are also occasionally thrown onto certain fields of play as a form of celebration of
7169-493: The first decade of the twentieth century, American film production companies withheld the names of film performers, despite requests from audiences, fearing that public recognition would drive performers to demand higher salaries." Public fascination went well beyond the on-screen exploits of movie stars , and their private lives became headline news: for example, in Hollywood the marriages of Elizabeth Taylor and in Bollywood
7276-470: The following factors: One element is entertainment, because sports spectatorship is a form of leisure. Sports is also a form of escapism, and being a fan gives one an excuse to yell at something, an activity that may be constrained in other areas of one's life. Fan activities give participants a combination of euphoria and stress (about the potential for their team to lose) for which they coin the name " eustress ". Fans experience euphoria during moments when play
7383-454: The highest-paid celebrities in the world. The total earnings for all top celebrity 100 earners totaled $ 4.5 billion in 2010 alone. For instance, Forbes ranked media mogul and talk show host , Oprah Winfrey as the top earner "Forbes magazine's annual ranking of the most powerful celebrities", with earnings of $ 290 million in the past year. Forbes cites that Lady Gaga reportedly earned over $ 90 million in 2010. In 2011, golfer Tiger Woods
7490-522: The idea of a pervasive, contemporary, ' celebrity culture '." In the analysis of the celebrity culture, "fame and its constituencies are conceived of as a broader social process, connected to widespread economic, political, technological and cultural developments." In the 1980s and 1990s, entertainment companies began using stars for a range of publicity tactics including press releases, movie junkets, and community activities. These promotional efforts are targeted and designed using market research, to increase
7597-405: The intellectual realm of music. According to Frank Zappa , "men come to hear the music and chicks come for the sex thrills," implying that women's involvement in fan communities is purely sexual, and that they are incapable of displaying intellectual or artistic interest in the music itself. Those who do manage to become involved within the world of 'serious' music are often relegated to the realm of
7704-422: The intensity level of their level of involvement or interest in the hobby (level of fanaticism ) The likelihood for a subject of interest to be elevated to the level of fandom appears to be dictated by its complexity. Complexity allows further involvement of fans for a longer period of time because of the time needed to work the subject of interest 'out.' It also contributes to a greater sense of belonging because of
7811-408: The majority owner of La Liga club Real Valladolid in 2018. Other celebrities such as Tyler Perry , George Lucas , and Steven Spielberg have become successful entrepreneurs through starting their own film production companies and running their own movie studios beyond their traditional activities. Tabloid magazines and talk TV shows bestow a great deal of attention to celebrities. To stay in
7918-536: The many patrons would purchase his beer; the low ticket price helped him lead the stats in attendance. He called the fanatics filling his stands "fans". Supporter is a synonym to "fan" that predates the latter term and is still commonly used in British English , especially to denote fans of sports teams. However, the term "fan" has become popular throughout the English-speaking world, including
8025-412: The media and the public always play a substantial part in the image-making process." According to Madow, "fame is a 'relational' phenomenon, something that is conferred by others. A person can, within the limits of his natural talents, make himself strong or swift or learned. But he cannot, in this same sense, make himself famous, any more than he can make himself loved." Madow goes on to point out "fame
8132-405: The mental effort invested in the subject. These fans will often hold a crush on a major movie star , pop star , athlete or celebrity (see teen idol ). The groupie is an example, a fan of a particular band or musician, who will follow them on concert tours. The degree of devotion to celebrities can range from a simple crush to the deluded belief that they have a special relationship with
8239-631: The particular talents and appeal of the most popular movie stars of the studio. Egypt 's famous movie stars in the 20th century include Youssef Wahbi , Fatima Rushdi , Leila Mourad , Anwar Wagdi , Naguib El-Rihani , Taheyya Kariokka , Ismail Yassine , Faten Hamama , Salah Zulfikar , Shadia , Soad Hosny , Shoukry Sarhan , Rushdy Abaza , Nadia Lutfi , Ahmed Mazhar , Sanaa Gamil , Ahmed Zaki , Nour El Sherif , Mervat Amin , Adel Emam , Naglaa Fathi , Yousra , Mahmoud Abdel Aziz , Hussein Fahmy , Sherihan , Mahmoud Yassin and Samir Ghanem . In
8346-597: The phrase "we have won"). If a fan identifies strongly with a favorite team, they will respond to the performance of the team as if team success were a personal success and team failure a personal failure. Fan loyalty is the loyalty felt and expressed by a fan towards the object of their fanaticism. Allegiances can be strong or weak. The loyalties of sports fans have been studied by psychologists and have often been reviewed. Fangirls and fanboys in fandoms sometimes, with various meanings, consider their fandom to be their "family", and feel very loyal to it, usually. According to
8453-581: The platform of fame. Websites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube allow people to become a celebrity in a different manner. For example, Justin Bieber got his start on YouTube by posting videos of him singing. His fans were able to directly contact him through his content and were able to interact with him on several social media platforms. The internet, as said before, also allows fans to connect with their favorite celebrity without ever meeting them in person. Social media sites have also contributed to
8560-491: The players, always on the lookout for the chance to get that autograph / photograph / quick pint [drink] / quick knee trem-bler round the back of the Arena from the player or players (or even coach) of their choice, heck let's face it even the water carrier is in with a chance here. Such discrimination against female fans can become violent at times in an effort to police "authenticity". The recent events known as GamerGate provide
8667-403: The population at large. It is believed that the public will follow celebrities' health advice to some extent. This can have positive impacts when the celebrities give solid, evidence-informed health advice, however, it can also have detrimental effects if the health advice is not accurate enough. Movie star A movie star (also known as a film star or cinema star ) is an actor who
8774-439: The poster-girl for Pears Soap , becoming the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. In 1895, poet and playwright Oscar Wilde became the subject of "one of the first celebrity trials". Another example of celebrities in the entertainment industry was in music, beginning in the mid-19th century. Never seen before in music, many people engaged in an immense fan frenzy called Lisztomania that began in 1841. This created
8881-418: The predictability of success of their media ventures. In some cases, publicity agents may create “provocative advertisements” or make an outrageous public statement to trigger public controversy and thereby generate "free" news coverage. Movie studios employed performers under long-term contracts. They developed a star system as a means of promoting and selling their movies. "Star vehicles" were filmed to display
8988-402: The pressure or opportunities of particular types of fame. Fame might have negative psychological effects. An academic study on the subject said that fame has an addictive quality to it. When a celebrity's fame recedes over time, the celebrity may find it difficult to adjust psychologically. Recently, there has been more attention toward the impact celebrities have on health decisions of
9095-456: The pressures of privacy erosion and mental health challenges. Celebrities may be resented for their accolades, and the public may have a love/hate relationship with celebrities. Due to the high visibility of celebrities' private lives, their successes and shortcomings are often made very public. Celebrities are alternately portrayed as glowing examples of perfection, when they garner awards, or as decadent or immoral if they become associated with
9202-743: The pseudonym Weng Weng , who in 1981 with his hit film the action comedy film For Your Height Only , became the world's first and shortest leading man standing at 2 foot 9 while even with a short lived career the international success of the film has not been topped locally. Indonesia 's movie stars consist of Rima Melati , Deddy Mizwar , Christine Hakim , Rano Karno , and many more. Malaysia 's most renown film celebrities are P. Ramlee , Yusof Haslam , Jins Shamsuddin , Michelle Yeoh , Eman Manan, Alex Komang, etc. Singapore 's most famous included Fauziah Ahmad Daud, Nordin Ahmad, Saadiah, and others are also considered Singaporeans movie stars of
9309-1119: The public eye and build wealth in addition to their salaried labor, numerous celebrities have begun participating and branching into various business ventures and endorsements, which include: animation, publishing, fashion designing, cosmetics, consumer electronics , household items and appliances , cigarettes, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, hair care, hairdressing, jewelry design , fast food, credit cards, video games, writing, and toys. In addition to these, some celebrities have been involved with some business and investment-related ventures also include: sports team ownership, fashion retailing , establishments such as restaurants, cafes, hotels, and casinos, movie theaters, advertising and event planning, management-related ventures such as sports management , financial services, model management , and talent management , record labels , film production , television production , publishing books and music , massage therapy, salons , health and fitness, and real estate. Although some celebrities have achieved additional financial success from various business ventures,
9416-737: The public remained unaware of their names. Lawrence was referred to as the “Biograph Girl” because she worked for D. W. Griffith 's Biograph Studios , while Pickford was "Little Mary." In 1910, Lawrence switched to the Independent Moving Pictures Company , began appearing under her own name, and was hailed as "America's foremost moving picture star" in IMP literature. Pickford began appearing under her own name in 1911. The Independent Moving Pictures Company promoted their "picture personalities", including Florence Lawrence and King Baggot , by giving them billing , credits and
9523-414: The reaction of a sports fan in their own home are the intensity of the fan's desire to see their team win or perform well, and the presence of another: often a wife, children, or friends who may be significantly less ardent sports fans or not sports fans at all, which may significantly temper the fan's reaction to a highly positive or negative moment due to the fear of causing a scene or scaring those close to
9630-454: The ridiculous things they do. "In fact, many reality show contestants fall into this category: the only thing that qualifies them to be on TV is that they're real." Common threats such as stalking have spawned celebrity worship syndrome where a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebrity's personal life. Psychologists have indicated that though many people obsess over glamorous film, television, sport and music stars,
9737-446: The same term for the prey of conmen , a mark is a fan who believes that everything associated with professional wrestling is real. In contrast, a "smark" is a fan who recognizes that they are witnessing a stage-managed work (" kayfabe "), but appreciates it nonetheless, including its backstage aspects. Since the 1920s, an increasingly elaborate sub-culture of organized science fiction fandom has arisen, initially among correspondents to
9844-554: The science fiction community. Some fanspeak terms, like fanzine have become standard English. Some fanspeak terms relate to fans themselves: Specific sub-groups of science fiction fandom are often known by a collection term. For example: A sports fan can be an enthusiast for a particular athlete, team, sport, or all of organized sports as a whole. Sports fans often attend sporting events in stadiums , in sports bars , or watch them at home on television, and follow news through newspapers, websites, and social media. The mentality of
9951-454: The second category, as they have clothing and cosmetics businesses on Taobao, China's equivalent of Amazon . Access to celebrities is strictly controlled by the celebrities entourage of staff which includes managers , publicists , agents , personal assistants , and bodyguards . Journalists may even have difficulty accessing celebrities for interviews. Writer and actor Michael Musto said, "You have to go through many hoops just to talk to
10058-435: The sense of unity in a sports bar as all cheers and boos will appear to be synchronized due to similar feelings and reactions by nearly all fans at the fortunes and misfortunes of the favored team or athlete. Due to the level of devotion and intensity of feeling towards the favored team or athlete by sports bar patrons, as well as partially due to the alcohol being served, behavior that would be seen as unruly or fanatical outside
10165-431: The sports fan is often such that they will experience a game, or event while living vicariously through players or teams whom the fan favors. This behavior manifests itself in a number of different ways, depending on the venue. At a stadium or arena, sports fans will voice their pleasure with a particular incident, player, or team by cheering , which consists of clapping, fist-pumping, or shouting positive exclamations toward
10272-617: The stan's affection is often called "bias" (or "fave", although that is an outdated term). The term comes from the 2000 song " Stan " by American rapper Eminem , which tells the story of an obsessive and delusional fan. The term has frequently been used to describe artist devotees whose fanaticism matches the severity of the obsessive character in the song. The word is sometimes described as a portmanteau of "stalker" and "fan", but this has never been confirmed. A website known as "Stan Wars" or "stanipedia" sprouted up to host discussions and flame wars between rival fanbases. The Korean equivalent for
10379-526: The star which does not exist. In extreme cases, this can lead to celebrity worship syndrome or stalking behavior. This can easily switch to hatred of the previously loved celebrity, and result in attempts at violent attacks; one notable incident being the death of Rebecca Schaeffer by a stalking fan, Robert John Bardo , in 1989. The latter is somewhat related to the concept of parasocial interaction where audiences develop one-sided relationships with media personalities and celebrities. Not all fans have
10486-560: The suffix 'mania') turned into long-lasting fame: pilgrimages to Canterbury Cathedral, where he was killed, became instantly fashionable, and the fascination with his life and death inspired plays and films. The cult of personality (particularly in the west) can be traced back to the Romantics in the 18th century, whose livelihood as artists and poets depended on the currency of their reputation. Establishing cultural hot spots became important in generating fame, such as in London and Paris in
10593-412: The tenth place in the 2011 edition of the list with annual earnings equal to $ 58 million. Beyoncé has also appeared in the top ten in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2017, and topped the list in 2014 with earnings of $ 115 million. Cristiano Ronaldo followed by Lionel Messi in 2020 became the first two athletes in a team sport to surpass $ 1 billion in earnings during their careers. Forbes also lists
10700-660: The top 20 highest-grossing films in China . The film industry of the Malay Archipelago (also known as Nusantara ) consists primarily of film industries which made the cinema of Malaysia , Indonesia , the Philippines , and Singapore . Over the past century, these four cinemas have collaborated on a number of projects. A number of actors from this region have become some of the most sought-after movie stars in southeast Asia, commonly in Malay -speaking countries. Many of these movie star have acted in all four countries In
10807-451: The use of fanatic as a noun dates from 1650. However, the term "fancy" for an intense liking of something (a usage attested by 1545), while being of a different etymology, coincidentally carries a less intense but somewhat similar connotation to "fanatic". Use of "the fancy" to mean avid sports enthusiasts emerged as an Americanism in the mid-19th century. The Dickson Baseball Dictionary cites William Henry Nugent's work asserting that it
10914-410: The usual depiction of battles and divine lineage). In the early 12th century, Thomas Becket became famous following his murder, the first possible case of posthumous popularity. The Christian Church promoted him as a martyr, and images of him and scenes from his life became widespread in just a few years. In a pattern often repeated, what started as an explosion of popularity (often referred to with
11021-543: The vast majority of celebrities are not successful businesspeople and still rely on salaried labored wages to earn a living. Not all celebrities eventually succeed with their businesses and other related side ventures. Some celebrities either went broke or filed for bankruptcy as a result of dabbling with such side businesses or endorsements. Famous for being famous , in popular culture terminology, refers to someone who attains celebrity status for no particular identifiable reason, or who achieves fame through association with
11128-620: The weight of the star's crowd pulling power more than any other intrinsic aspect of film making. A number of Chinese film actors have become some of the most popular movie stars in Eastern Asia , and several are also well known in the Western world. They include Jackie Chan , Jet Li , Chow Yun-fat , Stephen Chow , Sammo Hung , Gong Li , Ziyi Zhang , Maggie Cheung , and the late Bruce Lee . The Indian film industry consists of various regional cinema industries. One regional cinema,
11235-528: Was derived from the fancy , a term referring to the fans of a specific hobby or sport from the early 18th century to the 19th, especially to the followers of boxing . According to that theory, it was originally shortened to fance then just to the homonym fans . The Great American Baseball Scrapbook attributes the term to Chris Von der Ahe , owner of the Saint Louis Brown Stockings in 1882. Von der Ahe sold tickets for 25 cents, hoping
11342-399: Was not a boast, and that he was not in any way comparing himself with Christ, gives an insight into both the adulation and notoriety that fame can bring. Unlike movies, television created celebrities who were not primarily actors; for example, presenters, talk show hosts, and newsreaders. However, most of these are only famous within the regions reached by their particular broadcaster, and only
11449-548: Was one of highest-earning celebrity athletes, with an income of $ 74 million and is consistently ranked one of the highest-paid athletes in the world. In 2013, Madonna was ranked as the fifth most powerful and the highest-earning celebrity of the year with earnings of $ 125 million. She has consistently been among the most powerful and highest-earning celebrities in the world, occupying the third place in Forbes Celebrity 100 2009 with $ 110 million of earnings, and getting
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