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33-470: The Federal Police Department is responsible for combating crimes against federal institutions , international drug trafficking , terrorism , cyber-crime , organized crime , public corruption, white-collar crime , money laundering , immigration , border control , airport security and maritime policing . It is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security . The Federal Police's mandate

66-458: A court of the second instance. There are special federal court systems, in which such as Labour Court ( Justiça do Trabalho ) for labor or employment-related matters and disputes, Election Justice ( Justiça Eleitoral ) for electoral matters, and Military Justice ( Justiça Militar ) for martial criminal cases, each of them with its own courts. There are two national superior courts that grant writs of certiorari in civil and criminal cases:

99-675: A federal investigation agency, the mainly idea after the 1960s was to mold the Federal Police into the shape and effectiveness of the American FBI. In 1996, all positions in the Federal Police came to require a bachelor's degree. With an area of expertise that covers all national territory, the Federal Police adopts a structure similar to that of the state Civil Police forces throughout the country, but with an administrative structure that allows planning, coordination and centralized control with decentralized execution. Integration with

132-475: A law degree and also at least three years of legal practice. No previous police experience is required for any jobs. Candidates applying for a position as Federal Agent, Notary Agent and Fingerprints specialist, are required to have a bachelor's degree in any area. Candidates applying for Forensics specialists should have specific degrees, depending on their area of expertise, such as Civil Engineering, Veterinary, Accounting and Chemistry degrees. Admission tests for

165-917: Is both the head of state and the head of government . Legislative power is vested upon the National Congress , a two-chamber legislature comprising the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies . Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Federal Court , the Superior Court of Justice and other Superior Courts , the National Justice Council and the regional federal courts . The bicameral National Congress ( Congresso Nacional ) consists of: There are no limits on

198-705: Is commonly used to escort high risk prisoners. To belong to the COT the applicant must be in the ranks of the Federal Police. The training involving tactical and physical disciplines are practiced with the same intensity of the Training Course of the National Police Academy – ANP, including training by other specialized forces in the country, such as Rio de Janeiro's Military Police elite group called Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE) specialized in urban operations. The headquarters of

231-539: Is divided into Judiciary Sections ( Seções Judiciárias in Portuguese), coterminous with the territory of each state, and subdivided in Judiciary Subsections ( Subseções Judiciárias ), each with a territory that may not correspond to the states' comarcas. The Judiciary subsections have federal courts of the first instance and each Region has a Federal Regional Tribunal ( Tribunal Regional Federal ) as

264-412: Is no obligation or any recruitment. The selection is rigorous and requires high physical and mental fitness, assessed by a series of preliminary tests, in which about 60% of the candidates are eliminated. After this first phase, candidates undergo a training of more than one year until the final exam, after which they are finally admitted as members of the COT, immediately starting the training together with

297-687: Is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil , a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district . The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet ; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress ; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including

330-641: Is the tactical unit of the Federal Police of Brazil . It was created after Brazilian parliament recommendations, in an attempt to have a specialized counter-terrorism force. It was placed in service in 1987. The group is made up of Federal Agents of the Brazilian Federal Police Department. These agents take the Tactical Training Course for 14 weeks. Federal police officers volunteer to join COT - there

363-682: The Special Guard of Brasilia (GEB). Afterwards, the DFSP improved its structure to mimic the model of the United States FBI and police forces in England and Canada, as well as to expand operations throughout the whole Brazilian territory. Also in 1967, the new Brazilian Constitution changed the agency name to Departamento de Policia Federal ( Department of Federal Police ) through art.210 of Decree-Law No. 200 of February 25, 1967. As

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396-473: The Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília . Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic, which is based on a representative democracy . The federal government has three independent branches : executive, legislative, and judicial. The Federal Constitution is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of

429-583: The COT is in Brasília, in an area of 40 thousand square meters, located in Police Sector South, from where they send operators for missions throughout the country. The Special Center of Maritime Police (Núcleo Especial de Polícia Marítima – NEPOM) was created in twelve Brazilian cities in response to the high rate of crime in Brazilian ports, as well as the need to ostensibly patrol to prevent

462-555: The Federal Police have one of the highest candidates per spot ratio in the country. The Comando de Operações Táticas (COT; English: Tactical Operations Command) of the Federal Police was created in 1987 by the Ministry of Justice through the Federal Police Department – DPF with a mission of responding to terrorist attacks inside the country. To do so, its members were trained in technical and tactical units of

495-539: The Office became the Division of Aviation Operations. In the year 1999 the unit won these assignments and in 2001 finally received the current designation of CAOP. The unit is divided into two squadrons, one fixed-wing and the other rotorcraft. Its current fleet includes: The Federal Police Department issues all agents graduating from the National Police Academy either a Glock 17 , Glock 19 or Glock 26 according to

528-540: The Special Armed Forces in Brazil and abroad – in special units in the U.S., France and Germany (especially by GSG 9 ). Today, this elite force for armed action plays a large range of operations. Throughout its existence, the COT has participated in several high risk missions such as drug seizures in the country, expropriation actions, rural conflicts, VIP security, dismantling of criminal organizations, and

561-694: The Superior Justice Tribunal ( Superior Tribunal de Justiça , STJ) and the federal supreme court , called the Supreme Federal Court ( Portuguese : Supremo Tribunal Federal ). The STJ grants a Special Appeal ( Recurso Especial ) when a judgment of a court of the second instance offends a federal statute disposition or when two or more second instance courts make different rulings on the same federal statute. There are parallel courts for labor law , electoral law and military law . The STF grants Extraordinary Appeals ( Recurso Extraordinário ) when judgments of second instance courts violate

594-518: The agent's preference. Other equipment include the M4 carbine , HK G36K , HK MP5 , HK416 , HK417 , MR308 , SG 550 , Blaser R93 Tactical and the FN MAG . [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Country Studies . Federal Research Division . Federal government of Brazil The Federal Government of Brazil ( Governo Federal )

627-517: The arrest of a criminal etc. The field investigations and operational services are performed by the Federal Agents ( Agentes de Polícia Federal ). The agency also has Forensic specialists ( Peritos Criminais Federais ), Notary Agents ( Escrivães de Polícia Federal ) and fingerprints specialists ( Papiloscopistas Policiais Federais ). A bachelor's degree is required for candidates to apply for any position in Federal Police. Commissioners must have

660-612: The constitution. The STF is the last instance for the writ of habeas corpus and for reviews of judgments from the STJ. The superior courts do not analyze any factual questions in their judgments, but only the application of the law and the constitution. Facts and evidence are judged by the courts of the second instance, except in specific cases such as writs of habeas corpus . Comando de Opera%C3%A7%C3%B5es T%C3%A1ticas The Comando de Operações Táticas (Portuguese for Command Of Tactical Operations ), mostly known by its acronym COT ,

693-477: The country, besides the air support operations to the Federal Police. Was established in 1986, because the demand for transportation to any place, quickly, and the need for air support in the actions and tactics without having to depend on the Armed Forces. In 1995 the corporation had the name of advising operational issues when he received three aircraft, two Bell 412 and an HB-350 Squirrel. Already in 1996

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726-567: The first instance take office after public competitive examination . The second instance judges are promoted among the first instance judges. The Justices of the superior courts are appointed by the President for life and approved by the Senate. All the judges and justices must be graduated in law. Brazilian judges must retire at the age of 70. The national territory is divided into five regions, which are composed of two or more states. Each region

759-446: The interest of national finance. However, a new constitution drafted on September 18 gave states the power to meet their needs of government and administration. When the federal capital moved in 1960, the DFSP moved to Brasília, providing Guanabara State with their public security services and personnel. Due to a shortage of staff, the DFSP had to be restructured, merging its staff with another local security agency from Brasilia, called

792-521: The international traffic in dozens of ships docking and undocking in major Brazilian ports. Agents of action is also taken around the clandestine coming on board vessels. The Nepom the police receive special training in the Navy of Brazil, and is enabled in the category of Crew of State vessel. The CAOP (Coordenação de Aviação Operacional – Aviation Operational Coordination) is a unit of federal police agents, responsible for transporting policeman to anywhere in

825-401: The legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the federal government. It provides the framework for the organization of the Brazilian government and for the relationship of the federal government to the states , to citizens, and to all people within Brazil. Executive power is exercised by the executive, headed by the President , advised by a Cabinet of Ministers . The President

858-479: The number of terms one may serve for either chamber. The seats are allotted proportionally to each state's population, but each state is eligible for a minimum of eight seats and a maximum of 70 seats. The result is a system weighted in favor of smaller states that are part of the Brazilian federation. Currently, 15 political parties are represented in Congress . Since it is common for politicians to switch parties,

891-588: The occurrence of criminal offenses in Amazonian rivers and Brazilian borders (especially Itaipu Lake on the Brazil-Paraguay border). The maritime policing has the latest equipment, recently acquired by the Brazilian government in order to meet the country to the ISPS Code standards (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code). In addition to the routine patrolling, surveillance is carried out in

924-695: The other federal and state government agencies on a routine basis occur through formal requests, but eventually there is a high level of coordination. The Director-General provides accounting and technical support agencies in Brasília, entrusted with the tasks of planning, coordination and control. For the operational activities, the PF has 27 regional superintendents (the office in a state capital), 95 Federal Police offices (called Delegacias ), 12 border outposts, 12 maritime (or riverine) bases and 2 bases on inland waterways. The Federal Police Commissioners command investigations, request search and arrest warrants, decide on

957-404: The proportion of congressional seats held by particular parties changes regularly. To avoid that, the Supreme Federal Court ruled in 2007 that the term belongs to the parties, and not to the representatives. Brazilian courts function under civil law adversarial system . The Judicial branch is organized in states' and federal systems with different jurisdictions. The judges of the courts of

990-517: The rest of the team and being subject to a probationary stage, Where they will be evaluated their coexistence with the group, promptness in tactical-police actions and performance in the training given. The COT is the elite unit of the Federal Police and is responsible for high-risk and complex interventions that require preparation beyond the conventional police forces. All COT officers are only employed in situations of high or high risk, differentiated from non-specialized federal police officers. Over

1023-597: The years, the COT adapted and evolved its training program based on the Brazilian reality; In addition to training common to the special operations units of other police in the world, COT has specific training to deal with operations against drug trafficking, terrorism and in biomes typical of Brazil, such as tropical forest, caatinga (desertic), marshland and cerrado. The COT is also responsible for resolving cases of seizure of civil aircraft within Brazil, with or without hostages. The COT performs, on average, 110 operations per year throughout Brazil, distributed among sub-teams. In

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1056-608: Was established in the first paragraph of Article 144 of the Brazilian Constitution , which assigns it the following roles: Other federal statutes give the Federal Police the authority and responsibility to: In March 1944, the police department of the Federal District in Rio de Janeiro was transformed into the "Departamento Federal de Segurança Pública" (Federal Department of Public Safety), or DFSP. The aim

1089-465: Was to create a police with jurisdiction in the whole country, not just in its original state. Despite its name change, initially the DFSP only served in the Federal District , but acted at the national level as the maritime police. In the first half of 1946, the DFSP was given national jurisdiction, especially in cases of the illegal narcotics trade and crimes against public faith , and in

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