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Final Days

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The Final Days is a 1976 non-fiction book written by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein about the Watergate scandal . A follow-up to their 1974 book All the President's Men , The Final Days concerns itself with the final months of the Presidency of Richard Nixon including battles over the Nixon White House tapes and the impeachment process against Richard Nixon .

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45-554: Final Days may refer to: The Final Days , a 1976 book by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein The Final Days (1989 film) , a television movie adaptation of the book The Final Days (2000 film) , a short film produced by the White House Final Days (2023 film) , an online anti-vaccine propaganda film "Final Days", a song from DC Talk "Final Days",

90-486: A Brooklyn -based tutoring company which in subsequent decades would grow its footprint and expand its offerings beyond test prep to become Kaplan, Inc. On August 5, 2013, it was announced that the Washington Post Company would sell the flagship newspaper for $ 250 million to Jeff Bezos , founder and chief executive of Amazon.com . The Washington Post Company agreed to adopt a new corporate name once

135-406: A Garrett, Indiana -based electrical manufacturer. In 2017, Graham acquired Hoover Treated Wood Products, Inc, a supplier of lumber and plywood products for fire retardant and preservative applications. In May 2020, Graham Holdings announced that it had acquired Framebridge . In July 2019, Graham Holdings acquired Clyde's Restaurant Group , the owner and operator of several restaurants in

180-446: A "blockbuster" in terms of content, but Woodward demurred, saying instead that it would be "a book of a hundred small surprises." According to Jon Marshall's 2011 retrospective look at Watergate and the press, although Bernstein got co-equal credit on the cover, he in fact did relatively few interviews and not only less of the writing than Woodward, but also less than either Armstrong or Kamen. (It could also be noted that Woodward wrote

225-435: A group of seven television stations ; education company Kaplan ; manufacturing operations including Hoover Treated Wood Products, Dekko, Joyce/Dayton Corp, Forney Corporation; Graham Healthcare Group, which provides home health, hospice and palliative care services through joint ventures with health systems and physicians groups as well as other services; Graham Automotive, which includes eight automotive dealerships around

270-612: A group of seven television stations. Led by chief executive officer Catherine Badalamente, the company is based in Detroit , co-located with its local NBC affiliate WDIV-TV . Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license . Graham Holdings Company also owns several companies active in various capacities on the World Wide Web . These include The Slate Group , which publishes Slate , Slate V , ForeignPolicy.com and World of Good Brands (formerly

315-835: A majority stake in Troy, Michigan -based Residential Healthcare Group, the parent company of Residential Home Health and Residential Hospice, which provides at-home and on-site health care and hospice services in Michigan and Illinois. Graham Healthcare Group provides home health, hospice and palliative care services through joint ventures with health systems and physicians groups. The subsidiary designs business and technology solutions aimed at streamlining hospice and home health operations and improving quality of care. Graham Healthcare Group includes Residential Healthcare Group, Allegheny Health Network-Healthcare @ Home, Mary Free Bed at Home, Clarus and InTeliCare. Graham Healthcare Group also operates

360-566: A nationwide specialty pharmacy licensed in 38 states that serves patients suffering from chronic illness through its Clinical Specialty Infusions, LLC (CSI Pharmacy) business located in Texarkana, Texas . Through its Clarus Care, LLC (Clarus) business in Nashville, Tennessee , GHG provides call management solutions to physician groups and hospitals. In July 2013, Graham Holdings purchased Forney Corp. for an undisclosed sum. The company, which

405-466: A possible danger to himself, Nixon's strong strain of anti-Semitism, and that the president and First Lady Pat Nixon were estranged and had been for some time. The promotion was effective: this issue of Newsweek became the fastest selling one in the magazine's history. The debate over these particular incidents colored much of the subsequent reaction to the book. The book contains two parts, with twenty chapters. The first carries on from where All

450-879: A record-setting deal for $ 1.55 million, eclipsing a previous mark for any publisher for non-fiction works held by The Joy of Cooking . At the same time, the paperback edition of All the President's Men was atop that bestseller list and the film All the President's Men was the biggest box-office success in the land. All of these successes made both authors wealthy. The book was the last collaboration between Woodward and Bernstein; quite dissimilar in personality, and with different approaches towards their newfound wealth, they soon went their separate ways, although they have remained close friends. In 2005, Bernstein wrote an afterword for Woodward's book The Secret Man: The Story of Watergate's Deep Throat , which detailed Woodward's relationship with FBI Associate Director Mark Felt ,

495-574: A social media management platform for newsrooms, through its subsidiary, Graham Media Group. In June 2021, Graham Holdings acquired Leaf Group , a consumer internet company that runs both online consumer-orientated brands and marketplace brands. In 2023, the Leaf Group was restructured to become World of Good Brands, separating Leaf’s lifestyle publishing websites – Well+Good , Livestrong , Hunker and OnlyInYourState — from its marketplace businesses, Saatchi Art and Society6 . In October 2012,

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540-522: A son-in-law of CEO Don Graham, joined GHC as president. O'Shaughnessy became CEO in November 2015. In November 2014, Graham Holdings said it would spin off Cable ONE as a separate, publicly traded company in 2015. The spin-off was completed on July 1, 2015. In March 2018, Graham sold Kaplan University , Kaplan’s online higher education operation, to the Purdue University system , and it

585-624: A song by Jonathan Davis from Black Labyrinth Final Days: Anthems for the Apocalypse , an album by The Plasmatics Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Final Days . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Final_Days&oldid=1158830677 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

630-479: Is based in Addison, Texas , manufactures equipment that monitors and controls the combustion of coal, natural gas, and other materials. This equipment is sold to electric utilities for use in power generation plants. In June 2014, Graham Holdings acquired Joyce/Dayton Corp., a Dayton, Ohio -based manufacturer of screw jacks and other linear-motion systems. In November 2015, Graham Holdings acquired Group Dekko,

675-655: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Final Days Not long after the resignation of Richard Nixon in August 1974, Woodward and Bernstein took a leave of absence from The Washington Post in order to begin work on the book. They originally intended to cover just the last hundred days of the Nixon presidency but then expanded it further back. They hired two research assistants, Scott Armstrong and Al Kamen , and among them they interviewed 394 people involved in

720-468: Is the nature of truly tragic ordeals), and weathering it with considerable courage and dignity." This fuller depiction did much to ameliorate the initial denunciations of the book. Making reference to the debate swirling around the book, the Times wrote: But can we believe The Final Days ? Are Messrs. Woodward and Bernstein finally credible? All that can be reported here is that the experience of reading

765-598: The Washington metropolitan area , including Old Ebbitt Grill . In January 2019, Graham Holdings acquired 90% of two automobile dealerships from Sonic Automotive. The company's latest acquisition — its fourth auto dealership to date — is located at 8820 Centreville Road in Manassas. Christopher J. Ourisman of Ourisman Automotive will operate and manage the dealership, which the Arlington holding company purchased from

810-523: The Battlefield Automotive Group. Terms of the deal were not disclosed. In 1984, Graham Holdings (then The Washington Post Company), acquired Stanley H. Kaplan Educational Centers. In the 1990s, the company expanded abroad and grew beyond test preparation, expanding its training and publishing businesses, diversifying into English language training, higher education, pathways programs, online learning and other services. It launched

855-549: The Leaf Group). The Root , an online magazine focusing on African American culture, was owned by The Slate Group until Graham Holdings sold it to Univision Communications in 2015. Graham Holdings Company also owns SocialCode, an advertising agency specializing in social media/ID-based marketing, and is an investor in Pinna, a children's podcast company. In November 2014, Graham Holdings Company acquired Social News Desk,

900-484: The Nixon presidency." In a 2018 retrospective ranking by Politico of all of Woodward's 20 books, including his newly released Fear , the ranking of The Final Days was second best, trailing only All the President's Men . The Politico writer said of The Final Days that "This book ... is fantastic, the model for all [by Woodward] that came after." The book was a major commercial success. It became Simon & Schuster's fastest selling book, surpassing by half again

945-473: The President's Men leaves off, in particular from April 30, 1973, when John Dean , the White House counsel , was fired, and brings the narrative through developments of later in 1973 and then up to late July 1974. Part II consists of a day-by-day account of the title-referenced final days, beginning with "Wednesday, July 24" and continuing through "Friday, August 9". There is also a Cast of Characters at

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990-479: The Washington, D.C. region; and content and marketplace company World of Good Brands (formerly Leaf Group ). Graham Holdings Company also owned cable television and internet service provider Cable One until it was spun off in 2015 and the now-defunct Trove (formerly WaPo Labs)—the developers of a news reader app . The history of Graham Holdings Company dates back to 1877, when The Washington Post

1035-661: The Woodward and Bernstein narrative "an unfeeling account" but presents a description of the encounter that is not that far away from theirs. Both Nixon and Kissinger have the encounter starting in the Lincoln Sitting Room but ending in the Lincoln Bedroom . In 1989, a television adaptation of the book, also named The Final Days , aired. It starred Lane Smith as Nixon. It was nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards and one Golden Globe Award . In

1080-413: The beginning, starting at Robert Abplanalp and finishing with Ronald L. Ziegler , and a Chronology at the end, running from November 5, 1968 through August 9, 1974. Both are intended to help the reader keep the complex chain of events and people in mind. As published by Simon & Schuster , the book contained some photographic illustrations and cost $ 10.95. After it became the fastest selling book in

1125-539: The beneficiaries of various family trusts) collectively control the company through their ownership of the unlisted Class A common stock that selects 70% of the company's board of directors . As of 2014, it forms more than 90% of the family's assets. Prior to 2014, Berkshire Hathaway was a substantial holder of the public Class B common stock that selects 30% of the company's board of directors, but exchanged most of that stock for WPLG-TV , one of Graham Holdings' television stations, and other assets, in 2014. Since 1950,

1170-402: The book is credible — that is, the book is artistically believable. After all, as extraordinarily fresh as the whole thing seems, what's new about it consists of comparatively minute details; the framework in which these details are presented we've always known to be true, and we've read about at least a dozen times before. And the details at least seem plausible: it is always reasonably clear from

1215-469: The book. In an example of the book's approach, J. Fred Buzhardt co-operated with Woodward and Bernstein during the research for the book, by sitting for eight "extensive" interviews. One person was interviewed as many as 17 times. Release of the book was preceded by the publishing of excerpts in Newsweek magazine, which included a number of the authors' more vivid narrations. (At the time, Newsweek

1260-562: The company had been based in the Washington Post building in Washington, D.C. , which was sold off separately in 2014. Its new headquarters are at 1300 North 17th Street in Arlington, Virginia, with the choice of state motivated (according to Don Graham) by the proximity to Congress and the fact that two of the holding's activity areas, education and health care, are subject to federal regulation. In 1984, The Washington Post Company purchased Stanley H. Kaplan Education Centers, Ltd.,

1305-424: The excerpts, described it as "An extraordinary work of reportage on the epic political story of our time." The book as a whole gave a more balanced, at times sympathetic, portrait of Nixon. The New York Times daily review by Christopher Lehmann-Haupt said that the book was "Unprecedented...[Nixon] emerges from the book as a tragic figure weathering a catastrophic ordeal (of his own making, to be sure, but that

1350-592: The firm purchased Celtic Healthcare Inc. for an undisclosed sum. Celtic Healthcare, based in Pennsylvania , provides home health care in western, central, and northeastern Pennsylvania as well as Montgomery and Baltimore County, Maryland . It also provides home hospice services in the same areas, as well as owns a 10-bed inpatient hospice in Dunmore, Pennsylvania . In 2014, it had around 558 full-time and 45 part-time employees. In 2014, Graham Holdings bought

1395-414: The foreword to Marshall's book.) As noted in the book's foreword, all the information and scenarios depicted were taken from interviews with 394 people who were involved. The content of the interviews was considered on the record, but the identity of the sources remained confidential. Every detail was thoroughly checked, and any information that could not be confirmed by two separate accounts was left out of

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1440-633: The late 1970s, Saturday Night Live featured a recurring sketch parodying some of the scenes described in the book with Dan Aykroyd as Nixon, John Belushi as Kissinger, Chevy Chase as David Eisenhower and Gilda Radner as Julie Nixon Eisenhower . The Washington Post Company Graham Holdings Company (formerly The Washington Post Company ) is a diversified American conglomerate holding company. Headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia , and incorporated in Delaware , it

1485-414: The notorious anonymous source known as " Deep Throat " who provided critical information to Woodward during their investigation of Watergate. The pair reunited in 2012 for a Washington Post op-ed column. In it they said that subsequent archival evidence and other historical accounts indicated that in the words of the column's title, "Nixon was far worse than we thought." Making reference to The Final Days ,

1530-599: The pair said that their inclusion of anti-Semitic remarks and attitudes by Nixon in the book had been borne out by later revelations. The pair also sat for a joint retrospective '40 years later' interview on their Watergate reporting with CBS in 2014. In his 1978 memoir RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon , the former president gave an account of the famous night-before-resignation-announcement scene that presents it as shorter and more business-like, but allows that his sense of "agony" and "loss" became "most acute" for him that night. Kissinger's 1982 memoir Years of Upheaval calls

1575-536: The publisher's history, the price was raised to $ 11.95, supposedly to defray paper costs and, in the publisher's words, as part of "maintaining priority press time so that [it] can get on press before other books." Reviews of the book focused both on the disclosures within it and the methods by which it was written. Regarding the first, the Los Angeles Times said the book was "Fascinating, macabre, mordant, melancholy, frightening...." Newsweek , which ran

1620-519: The rate of the publisher's previous fastest, 1960's The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . It debuted atop The New York Times best seller list for the week of April 25, 1976. It stayed in the top spot for 18 weeks, and on the full list for 29 weeks total. Altogether The Final Days sold some 630,000 copies in hardcover. Paperback rights to the book were in April 1976 sold to Avon Books in

1665-457: The sale was finalized. It adopted Graham Holdings Company as the new name effective November 29, 2013. Amazon.com was not involved in the sale. Nash Holdings LLC, a company owned by Bezos, closed the purchase of the newspaper and affiliated publications on October 1, 2013. Graham Holdings Company retained ownership of WaPo Labs, its technology innovation group, since rebranded as Trove . In 2014, Tim O'Shaughnessy, founder of LivingSocial and

1710-476: The same he concluded, "Hell, I trust Woodward and Bernstein," saying "not only are they great reporters," but that some of his own findings in researching the first days of the Presidency of Gerald R. Ford had confirmed some of their reporting regarding the last days of the Nixon one. In a look back from three decades later, The Guardian called the book "a meticulous recreation of the last hundred days of

1755-408: The tale. People were anxious to talk in an effort to get their (sometimes self-serving) perspective on the events included in the narrative, and almost all of the sources were promised anonymity in return. In this way, Woodward and Bernstein constructed a fly on the wall type narrative of the events in question. While the book was being written, there were some intimations that it was going to be

1800-471: The text who their possible sources could have been; and they always read as if they had been reconstructed from a secondhand point of view. In a perspective from The New York Times Book Review , author Richard Reeves said that the book "is a spectacular piece of reporting, with all the delights and limitations of journalism." Reeves also expressed concern over the sourcing matter, saying that they should have gotten some of their sources to go on record. All

1845-495: Was a memorable August 7, night-before-resignation-announcement scene with the president, in which a sobbing Nixon asked Kissinger to kneel and pray with him in the Lincoln Sitting Room , with Nixon ending up curled on the floor, beating the carpet with his fist whilst bemoaning his fate. The sensational nature of some of the excerpts brought significant criticism. Other items revealed by the excerpts included Nixon's deteriorating mental state, fears among his sons-in-law that he posed

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1890-611: Was first published. The Washington Post Company was incorporated in the District of Columbia in 1889, and remained a District of Columbia corporation until it changed its place of incorporation to Delaware in 2003. It is a public company and its Class B common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GHC; it went public in 1971. Descendants of the late Eugene Meyer (including Chairman Donald E. Graham , his sister Lally Weymouth , and

1935-460: Was formerly the owner of The Washington Post newspaper and Newsweek magazine. Its current holdings include the digital marketing company Code3 (formerly SocialCode); online and print media entities including Slate Magazine , Foreign Policy through the FP Group, which includes Foreign Policy magazine and ForeignPolicy.com), Graham Media Group (formerly Post-Newsweek Stations),

1980-416: Was owned by The Washington Post Company .) At the same time, revelations from these excerpts appeared in many newspaper stories. Two revelations that caught the most attention regarded Secretary of State Henry Kissinger . One was the disparaging comments about Nixon that Kissinger supposedly made to his staff, such as a reference to "our meatball President." The other, which received even more attention,

2025-527: Was rebranded Purdue University Global , a new public university to serve adult learners. In 2019, children's podcasting company Pinna spun out of the Slate Group as a separate Graham Holdings subsidiary. In June 2021, Graham Holdings completed their acquisition of Leaf Group , a consumer internet company, at a valuation of approximately $ 323 million. Through its Graham Media Group subsidiary (formerly Post-Newsweek Stations), Graham Holdings owns

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